Renzou kokutanga rakarondedzera musayendisiti Nikolay Kopernik

The renzou - chete kupfuura akadzidza wemuTesitamende muchadenga. Pari, pane vanenge 8 kusvika 63 mapuraneti uye satellites, riri munyika. Akavhura asteroids zhinji uye kupfuta pamusoro hukuru siyana, uyewo comets, izvo ayo muchadenga chinoyambuka yose hurongwa.

Chii masayendisiti akatanga kurondedzera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri? Zvinonzi akasika uye kana paine mukana wokuti pamberi upenyu mamwe mapoka enyeredzi?

History yakawanikwa

Chakatishamisa zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri yakatanga yakarondedzerwa musayendisiti anonzi Nikolay Kopernik ari XVI remakore. Pamberi pake, musi nzvimbo muchadenga aiva zvishoma kumiririrwa. Zvaidavirwa kuti Pasi ndiye musimboti wezvose, uye zvose zvinhu dzitendererane nayo. Pasinei kushaya zvekushandisa ano nokuti mukudzidza muchadenga, Copernicus akakwanisa zvakarurama kuona nzvimbo Nyika iri muchadenga. Akatanga akaita muenzaniso redu renzou, kupa heliocentric kwayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvose anozivikanwa panguva mapuraneti Anoisa Sun uye kumativi ayo akabatana.

Galileo nemamwe masayendisiti

Muchikamu chinotevera remakore achibatsirwa chinyakare teresikopu renzou yakatanga yakarondedzerwa musayendisiti - Galileo Galilei. Saka pakanga uchapupu chaiyo pakati heliocentric ezvinhu, chakataurwa Copernicus. Galileo yakawanikwa kwemwedzi orbiting Jupiter mana. Kunyange zvazvo zvinofanira kudzoswa kuti vatungamiriri vechitendero kuti nguva zvakasimba vaishora heliocentric muenzaniso renzou.

XVIII remakore aizivikanwa zvakawanwa itsva nezvenyeredzi. Renzou kokutanga rakarondedzera musayendisiti akawana kusvikira isingazivikanwi nyika - Uranus. Zvichitevera 2 satellites pamusoro Saturn uye Uranus, satellites maviri akazarurwa naye.

Yepamusoro muna ubanguranyika pakati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri yakanga pakati XX remakore. Zvino zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri yakatanga yakarondedzerwa musayendisiti-asitironati, wokutanga akazviona nameso angu. Uyezve spaceflight akasimbisa heliocentrically redu renyeredzi. Nhasi kushanda nzvimbo yemapurisa satellites, uyewo Flights zvimwe mapuraneti kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu renyeredzi.

The Solar System uye mapuraneti ayo

Zuva pamwe mapuraneti ayo ndeve Gwara Renzou - kupfuura kudzidza kubva muchadenga chinozivikanwa. Inoitwa 8 mapuraneti dziri kuonekwa pamusoro jengachenga muchimiro nyeredzi diki, tichiratidza chiedza pedyo nyeredzi yedu - zuva. Vakatumidza nyika mazita vanamwari vainamatwa nevanhu Greece yekare uye Roma.

Uyewo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri inopinda ari asteroid bhandi, yemapuraneti satellites uye comets kuyambuka nyeredzi hurongwa. Sei zvose zvayo nhamba yakakura emapoka haina chaizvo kutsunga, asi kudzidza pamusoro mapuraneti ari pedyo, zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa. All mapuraneti Gadziriro yedu vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri: pano uye hofori nemapuraneti. Funga kuuya kwatiri.

Planet Earth Group

boka iri rinosanganisira anonzi mapuraneti pedyo muchadenga kwePasi uye panofanira dzakaoma hukawanika. Kuwedzera Earth, vari: Mercury, Venus uye Mars. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda vakadzidza Mapuraneti izvi zvose inyika yakasiyana. With kwayo incredible nzvimbo uye runako, muchadenga kunoongorora, vakatarira kwaari muchadenga, anonzi yebhuruu parera mune inotonhorera nzvimbo.

Kuongorora murwiyo Nyika pachishandiswa zvose zvemarudzi zvizivikanwe nemichina zviridzwa, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti mukati nyika rakatsvuka-inopisa chinoumba takapoteredzwa nejasi. Small gobvu penyika inonzi goko. Ndizvo zvidzidzo izvi zvakabatsira kuona kuti vamwe mapuraneti matatu pano vane akafanana nemamiriro akanyatsojeka yakafanana mumwe.

Mercury

The dzepedyo nyika kuti Sun - Mercury - iri diki zvichienzaniswa Earth. Zviri ka20 isingasviki kurema enyika uye ane kukura maduku 2,5 nguva kupfuura Earth. kumhanya majana kumativi ayo akabatana iri 58,7 Earth mazuva, uye Mercury chawo paunotenderera Sun muna 88 Earth mazuva. The puraneti riri pedyo nyeredzi, tembiricha iri jeka divi mukuru 400 Celsius, asi uri neizvi rutivi yaita chando zvose pa -200 inegumi.

Muna 2009 chete, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuita mepu dzenyika wokutanga, yakavakirwa mifananidzo yaunganidzwa wakamhanyira kunomuchingamidza chitundumusere-musere. Mercury haana yayo mhepo uye zvikuru zvakafanana Satellite yedu - mwedzi. Nemhaka napedyo yayo kusvikira zuva uye elliptical muchadenga pamusoro tsvakurudzo kuitwa zvakaoma chaizvo.

Venus runako

Zviri kure wechipiri kubva zuva nyika kuva kwayo mhepo. Unogona kufunga kuti upenyu zvinobvira musi Venus, asi zvinosuwisa, hazvisi. The kuitika nyika ndiwo zvakasimba chaizvo uye nehasha. Vakawanda inoitwa carbon dioxide, asi rine chepfu akadai sulfuric acid.

Venus inotenderera zuva kukunda Earth uye, Sezvineiwo, mune vakomana rutivizve. Turnover kwapera mazuva 225 uye ayo akabatana - kwemazuva 243. Nokuda arambe achirema zvomumhepo panyika tembiricha kwazvo 500 Celsius. Saka, zviri akawana Hottest renzou mapuraneti.

Earth - blue parera

Earth - kupfuura kudzidza zvose mapuraneti. Akadzidzira emakore, asi chete XX remakore akakwanisa kufukura mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakabvunzwa kwokutanga. Wakadiniko kwake, pamusoro pacho ichimuremera, uye dzimwe nyaya. The Vols yokutanga muchadenga masayendisiti yakasimbisa zvekungofungira uye akasimbisa chokwadi chisingarambiki: Nyika rakatenderera uye yakarembera chinhu muchadenga. Nhasi, tiri zvakakwana kuziva mhepo, uye nokuda zvose zvinogona zvakanaka kurarama ikoko.

Vakaonawo kuti pasi redu rine simba rinonzi magnetic bhandi, izvo anokwanisa kudzivirira zvose zvipenyu zvinhu zvinokuvadza zuva mwaranzi uye mhepo yokutenderera zuva. vachivavhiringidza izvi zvinogona kuonekawo sezvo kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba mwenje.

Zvinofanira akati pamusoro zvikuru Pasi Satellite - the Moon. Zviri akaenzana velocity vose kunhivi ayo akabatana uye yakapoteredza Pasi, nokuda ichi kunogona kuonekwa mumwe chete rutivizve. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti chokwadi kuti mwedzi ndiyewo nhovo nyika uye anogamuchira Nhamba huru meteorites kuwa pamusoro. Pechiso Moon yave zvakanaka kudzidza, craters zhinji kana dzegirini vanonzi pashure masayendisiti akawana navo. Chero bedzi ichingori chete nzvimbo chinhu, iyo munhu wakashanyira.

Mars

The chechina mapuraneti pano. The tsvuku puraneti hwakazara zvakavanzika zhinji. nyika mhepo nyore zvakakwana, izvozvo unotora achinyanya carbon dioxide, senitrogen, okisijeni kukwana uye vazhinji zvimwe zvinhu. Mars kazhinji mupopoti dutu remhepo, sezvamakaropafadzwa mhepo velocity rinosvika 100 m / s. Sezvo nyika zvakasara mvura rakawanikwa, masayendisiti vaifunga kuti angave kurarama kare. A gore pamusoro Mars mazuva 687, uye tembiricha rukasafashukira pamusoro kubvisa 23 madhigirii muzhizha. Panguva tembiricha ichi, upenyu, ari munhu pfungwa shoko, zvisingaiti Mars.

Kusvika panguva kutsvaka anopfuurira extraterrestrial dzomunyika. Masayendisiti kutanga kuwana mvura panyika kunze zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, asi zvino chiri kufembera. On nyika inonzi Osiris, riri chinhambwe 150 chiedza makore mashomanana zvinokosha vakanga zvichipomerwa rinowanikwa spectral kuongorora. Kakawanda kuedza masayendisiti kuwana extraterrestrial dzomunyika akaratidza kubudirira.

Renzou, iro Kuziviswa riri aoma akasiyana. Zvinonzi rakamiswa mune akanaka nzvimbo yacho renyeredzi hweGwara Way kuvapo upenyu mairi. Nepo asingagoni kuona hurongwa hwakadaro. Somugumisiro, masayendisiti kuzivikanwa renzou nevamwe adzo.