Sale kwenyika yekurima. Mharidzo okutengesa chibvumirano

Land yakakodzera kurima chikafu zvaida achirifananidza mutsika, vanoonekwa inokosha vanonangwa munyika dzose. MuRussia, iyo, kunyange sechinhu chikuru chikamu nharaunda yayo "mapazi ose ngozi zvokurima", yakakodzera kurima nyika zhinji, uye sezvo upi unobatsira zvekuvaka, vari pasi nekushandiswa ehurumende.

Nyika zvokurima ave Musoro kutengeserana

Panguva perestroika, apo pakanga anenge kushandurwa rakazara pamutemo yemibvunzo munyika, hurumende varasikirwa chinzvimbo chayo sezvo oga muridzi wenyika. Chakagamuchirwa 25.04.1991, kweNyika Code of RSFSR uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti remitemo 1978 vanhu neImba ane risingaperi nhamba nzvimbo zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana. Saka rakavambwa ari moratorium iri kutengeswa yekurima kwenguva yemakore 10, panyaya yacho vakasununguka kugamuchirwa, uye 5 makore kubva musi rwokutenga wobhadharwa.

Zvisinei, pamwe kuitwa muna 1993 reMitemo okurambidzwa vose akasimudza, uye nzvimbo vazara vechikamu kwevagari turnover.

Land Code of Russian Federation (RF LC) mu Article 11.1 inorondedzera nzvimbo sezvo chikamu pose nzvimbo dzenyika, miganhu ayo kuisa uye vakanyorwa mutemo chaiwo. Uyewo, ivo kubvapo, divisible, dzisiri consumable, transferable zvinhu zvine chairo chepfungwa muchimiro pamutemo (chikamu), inosidzikwa zvichienderana nechinangwa panyika.

Pakati vakaverengwa pamurairo vari Mapato munyika inoshandiswa zvinodiwa zvokurima kugadzira, vari panzvimbo yokutanga, nokuti avo anokosha kukosha kuti hurumende. In Part 1 Chikamu 77 of LC RF Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Areas iri kunze misha uye akaronga kuti okurima basa - (. Mapurazi, zviyo okuchengetera nezvakadaro) kudyara zvirimwa, zvipfuwo, uswa, uyewo placement ose akakodzera zvivako.
• Areas dzaunogona kuita zvokurima asi mune dzimwe mhando - Nyika kugarwa uye asiri dondo nyika dondo Fund.

zvinhu zvose zvinorondedzerwa kwaro sezvamunoita vane heterogeneous, uye akaronga kutengeswa anotevera mhando dzavo zvingasanganisira:

Mativi yekurima

Agricultural nyika nzvimbo dzine pakutanga ari kushandiswa nokuda zvokurima kugadzirwa	Non-zvekurima nyika nzvimbo chete zvinhu "ebetsero"
Arable nyika (ndima kudyara zvirimwa)	zvemukati migwagwa
Perennial miti rabha zvokudya (yemichero, yemizambiringa, etc.).	Forest miti kudzivirira pamusoro zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa mugove (moto, kupisa mhepo nezvimwewo.)
Deposits - pasi, yamboshandiswa sezvo munda wakarimwa, asi akasiya ndakazorora wokugadzirisa rakaorera ehupfumi	Nyika muzvivako zvachose kana pamwaka, zvivako uye zvokushandisa, izvo chinangwa kuchengetera uye kubudiswa okurima zvigadzirwa
haymaking	Water zvinhu - dzinongoitika kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa kuvharwa reservoirs (mumadziva, mvura akavezwa basa)
	Communications, kusanganisira reclamation

Pasinei murwiyo uye kukura panyika, Kutengeswa yavo ichava pasi inokosha mitemo, vamwe RF Land Code uye Federal Mutemo № 101-FL (hereinafter - Mutemo pamusoro turnover). Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinhu zviri kutengeswa uye kutenga yekurima pamwe chinokosha kwebasa rinofanira upiyona nyika. Zvikurukuru, akafanana yavo, zvinhu zviri chiitiko uye zvimwe kushandiswa anofanira kushandiswa chibvumirano rwacho.

Rairambidzwa kutengeswa munyika

Civil kuparadzirwa munzvimbo rinoitwa kufungisisa pezvaunorambidzwa kuita Civil, Land Code uye mimwe mitemo. Pasi pavo kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu, kurambidza iyo kurambidza muridzi nenguva kuzvibvisa chepfuma (easement, chikwereti, chivimbo zvakanaka, rendi, etc.).

Maererano dzemunharaunda Mutemo pamusoro turnover, kutenga uye kutengesa yekurima ine zvinotevera painogumira:

1. Lots hadzina hwakatamisirwa zvarinoroora avatorwa (vanhu kana makambani), ndeyedu vanhu, uyewo mapoka Russian, kana avo mvumo guta mugove vemamwe varidzi dzinopfuura 50%.
2. Areas haagoni kutengeswa ne wakatevera nokuchinja muchikwata (kuenda). Panyaya iyi, mushure kutengeserana anobvumirwa kushandura kubvumirwa kushandiswa munyika. Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo Mowing inogona dzikwanise pamafuro.
3. Maererano Article 4 shure, vaiva nomumwe sangano (munhu kana bhizimisi) rinogona kurondedzerwa nharaunda chete - kubva 10 kusvika 100% uwandu nzvimbo kumiganhu makanzuru. More chaiwo zvausingakwanisi kuisa emunharaunda mirayiro.

Pre-emptive kodzero kutenga munda

Article 8 Act rinorondedzera chikuru chipinganidzo vakasununguka kuparadzirwa munyika - nharaunda kukosha kuti kutenga nyika painenge kutengeswa. Tichifunga inokosha kukosha nzvimbo uye zvokudya, kuitwa rinokosha hurongwa kuzvibvisa, zvikuru zvinonzwisisika.

Musimboti vakararama emptive kodzero ndechokuti mutengesi vachida kupinda mune ramangwana kondirakiti waakazvitengesa nzvimbo, vanosungirwa kunyora kupa mashoko anotevera:

• kukosha panyika uye upenyu misha pakati mapato (hapana mazuva anopfuura 90);
• nharaunda yacho chinhu uye Q hectare. mamita;
• Location (kero) chikamu cadastral kunyoresa mashoko;
• cadastral (zvimiso) nhamba munyika;
• ruzivo pamusoro mutengesi, kusanganisira kuonana mashoko.

The ziviso haadi kupinda ruzivo pamusoro mutengi. Mutemo kunoda notation pamusoro kuzvibvisa nokuda kwake hake. Uyewo, gwaro iri hazvirevi kunotoreva vaita chero mutoro kutengesa.

Ziviso iri chakasvitswa kuhofisi kana simba tsamba ine mazita zvakabatanidzwa. In zvinotevera manotsi akakodzera uye magwaro achava mukuru uchapupu mudare makakatanwa pamusoro ukoshi chesungano waakazvitengesa.

Kana mukuru muviri (dhipatimendi, ushumiri, dhipatimendi) nharaunda anoramba kunotenga, mutengesi akakodzera chiziviso, kutengeswa yekurima nyika dziitwe kuti 1 year. Asi chisarudzo pamusoro kutenga nyika zvingava zvakanaka. Muchiitiko chino, tanga kuita nyaya romunharaunda mitemo kugovera chaiyo nzira nokuda mutengesi chiziviso (chiziviso, kuti kana murau) uye kunyoresa haizopereri kutengeswa uye kutenga chibvumirano.

Somuenzaniso, kutengeswa yekurima muna Moscow mudunhu pahwaro ndima 3 Chikamu 10 nhamba Mutemo 75/2004-oz pamusoro 12.06.2004 guta, kuitwa mukati memazuva 60 pashure kuitwa pakati matunhu neminisiparati muviri panyika kutora.

Kuwedzera kodzero nharaunda kana Municipality, kuti mutemo Russian zvinopa mukana nevamwe:

1. Roja pasi chinhu 8 Chikamu 22 kweNyika Code of Russian Federation anekodzero kutenga was nyika mamiriro varidzi venyika munyika pamberi zvose zvimwe vanhu vanofarira.
2. Kana muridzi kusauka - Agriculture Organization - muridzi pedyo nyika vane kodzero pre-emption pfuma yake.

Zvaidiwa zvaunoda kutenga mamiriro kunodiwa. Kana kutyora nomutengo uye kutengeswa yekurima havagoni kutora nzvimbo kana kuti rakadzima mudare.

The kugoverwa kutengeswa panyika: mharidzo

Dzemunharaunda nyaya № 101-FL yakatanga panguva remunharaunda pachiyero, kuburikidza issuance pamusoro yoga mitemo. Somuenzaniso, kutengeswa yekurima muna Ivanovo noMutemo № 31-oz yaMay 8, 2008 "On kumashure nyika Ivanovo munharaunda." Mune dzimwe nharaunda mamiriro pamusoro kuzvibvisa idzi zvinhu vanobatanidzwa mitemo zvavo sechipiriso yoga chitsauko kana chikamu.

Ndizvowo panyaya ziviso ramangwana kutengeswa nzvimbo. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, vari kutumira tsamba ari vakasununguka chimiro, kunyatsovatsanangurira pamwe zvakakodzera mashoko ose. Asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo muchimiro aifarirwa nevarikutonga muviri. Somuenzaniso, muna Nizhny Novgorod Region chiziviso kuti kuteerera mupanda № 1 kusvika Hurumende Decision № 453-R yomusi March 13, 2012

Nzira kuti kutengeserana kuti kutora chikamu

Treaty, sezvo pamutemo chokwadi, rinowanika somugumisiro kwayo mhedziso nzira pakati akazvimirira mapato (mutengi uye mutengesi), ndiko kusvika chibvumirano vose ezvinhu. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti kugumisa chibvumirano uye zvinotevera ezvinhu:

1. Órgãos nyika.

Sale kwenyika yekurima anogona chete kuitwa mune rusarura zvimwe nzvimbo nomumwe, izvo zvinoreva kuti vapfuure muitiro kuongorora (kugadzwa uye nenzvimbo kumuganhu pasi) uye cadastral kunyoresa sezvakatenderanwa Federal Mutemo № 221-FL pakati 24.07.2007

2. ziviso anemasimba simba munharaunda uye / kana nzvimbo chido kutengesa nyika chesamende ezvinhu uye pakuwana kubva kwavari vateerera.

3. Kuwana kuti mvumo dzebato kutengeswa wechitatu, runoratidzwa kunyora. Mitemo Current anopa zvinotevera mhando kwavari:

• Mvumo kubva wako ari muridzi kutengeswa (ndima 3 Chikamu 35 of Family Code).
• The mvumo yacho kwekanguva mutariri, ari chikwereti 'musangano kana munhu ichipa mari (Articles 64, 82 uye 101 of Federal Mutemo № 127-FL pakati 26.10.2002 "On Insolvency").
• Mvumo kubva muridzi (munhu mapurazi, zvokurima) yakavakidzana nzvimbo kana imwe nzvimbo iri mutengesi vachingotya kusauka panguva padariro kusauka zvekufamba.

The pamusoro pamazita ezvinhu yakazarukira, sezvo kudiwa zvimwe zviito nokuda kwemamiriro okutengesa chibvumirano anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira nzvimbo pacharo, ayo nzvimbo, rworudyi anaro, nzira chokudzingwa.

Somuenzaniso, apo kuzodzosera kutengesa pasina basa muongororo kunodiwa, sezvo nyaya chibvumirano yava kare kupfeka zvakakodzera kuti ndizvidavirire. Ziviso zviremera nechinangwa kutengesa kunodiwa chete kana mutengesi ari akazvimirira ega.

zvinokosha ezvinhu

Zvatinopiwa Chikamu 432 of Civil Code (Civil Code), zvikaonekwa kuti pamberi mhedziso chaiyo pakati kutengeserana uye kuchinjwa yacho uye mari mapato vanofanira kubvumirana pane zvinotevera ezvinhu:

1. Subject chesungano - rondedzero nyika izere kusiyanisa kubva vamwe. Tsika kwakasimbiswa kuva mashoko kuti inofanira raanotaura chibvumirano:

• cadastral nhamba;
• kero (nzvimbo);
• nzvimbo hectare kana dzakaenzana. mamita;
• chikamu uye kubvumirwa kushandiswa.

2. mutengo expropriated nyika - zvokunyama okuti ari kubhadhara mutengesi pursuant avo nezvaiva chibvumirano waakazvitengesa. Inogona raanotaura sezvo ndima yose seboka, uye muzana chikwata nharaunda. The mapato vakasununguka kusarudza kukura mutengo, asi haagoni kuzvishandura pamadiro.

Pasina izvi mamiriro chibvumirano okutengesa nzvimbo chisingazobudiswi akasaina, asi chaizvo zvinoitwa pfuma yake mumwe munhu chete hazvizoitiki.

Kodzero uye nokubatira mutengesi wenyika rangano

Land kutengeswa munyika yekurima kunoreva kwete chete tsanangudzo chinhu uye mutengo, asi murau nezviito vemapato (mutengesi uye mutengi) pamusoro kuchinjwa, kubvuma uye mubhadharo chepfuma rakakwana, uyewo nekutambira kunyoresa gwaro iri Rosreestra.

Rights uye nokubatira muridzi akatsunga mune zvinoshanda mitemo iri Russian Federation, uye ndeinotevera:

1. mabasa uye kodzero Mutengesi.

1.1. Kuchengeta mashoko ose aripo pamusoro mutoro (kurambidzwa) mugove, unhu uye tarisiro dzavo aida kushandiswa. ruzivo urwu:

• mvumo kuitisa mhando chaiyo wokurima (yemizambiringa, mudziyo, chinhu kusikwa, etc.);
• kuvapo pedyo nenhepfenyuro kuti zvainoita chikamu vawana;
• Qualitative ehupfumi enyika, inochinja kushandiswa uye mutengo;
• mamwe mashoko aigona chero nzira kushandura sarudzo mutengi kuti kutenga.

Kodzero kunyika anogona kungogumira kugadzwa panguva remunharaunda vanochiva chaizvo zvaidiwa kushandiswa uye nzira management uye kwakabatana kudzivirirwa mhuka uye chirimwa nyika, ivhu kuchengetedza, dzinogarisana pamusoro zvisingawanzoitiki mhando mhuka kana shiri, dzinongoitika vaitamira migwagwa nezvimwewo.

Varidzi nyika irege kuziva zvose zvairambidzwa, asi anofanira zvakanyatsonanga mune chibvumirano ndivo avo ayo anozivikanwa.

1.2. Uchatamisa nyika.

Under urongwa uhwu zvinoreva mutengesi wacho zviito chokwadi uye mutemo panguva kutanga anotenga munyika muridzi. Uye kwete aireva rinoreva kuti "awarding" uye kuti midzi shoko murairo.

Maererano ndima 1 Chikamu 224 of Civil Code, chero chinhu anoonekwa kuti paakavapa pashure zvakananga kubvuma kupinda nhaka mutengi. The yokupedzisira kungaratidzwa sezvo chikamu nokusunungurwa enzvimbo mutengesi kana kumira kurima.

Vaitire kuchinjwa chinoitwa muchimiro rinokosha gwaro - kuita kutapurirana uye kugamuchirwa yakasainwa ne makaita mapato uye chete ipapo kunzi kuzadzika.

2. kodzero yacho mutengesi kukwanisa dzinoda nenguva kwokuripirwa panyika pasi chibvumirano chesungano waakazvitengesa. Kana pfuma yakaparadzana Executive simba, angabvuma:

• kuongorora kuchengeteka uye kushandiswa nzvimbo;
• zvinoda nechinangwa kushandiswa pfuma, uyewo kuzadzikiswa nevamwe mitoro pamusoro kushandisa ndima.

Rights uye nokubatira mutengi wenyika rangano

Zvatinopiwa pamusoro pezviito uye zvinogonekwa ose anotenga, sezvinoita mutemo, akafanana pamusoro mutengesi. Uyezve, yokupedzisira angasakwanisa kuita mabasa avo pasina tsamba zviito mutengi. Kazhinji vanogona kukamurwa 2 mapoka:

1. Kutanga mitoro.

1.1. Cash kukosha nyika mari, mashoko uye nzira zvakatangwa chibvumirano waakazvitengesa. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoguma kuchinjwa mari nenhoroondo iri Unorudzi zvizere mubhadharo.

1.2. Zviito zvainanga kuitwa munyika chaiko nyika uye kuita chiito kugamuchirwa uye hutachiwana.

Kuwanda mamwe mabasa ndinoshanda mutengi, ndizvo chaizvo guru uye inowanzoratidza chibvumirano kubhadhara nyika mutero haisi kubva musi nokuchinja muridzi nyika zvinyorwa mutero nezviremera, uye kubva musi kwemamiriro chibvumirano waakazvitengesa kana kutanga kushandiswa chairo chinhu. Zvinoita, sezvinoita mutemo, vanosungirwa kuita uye mari kuchinjwa kunyoresa kodzero kunyika yeRussia Register nhengo.

Kana chinhu waakazvitengesa nomuridzi mabasa sezvo simba, vamwe mabasa kunogona zvaitambidzwa anotenga, kusanganisira:

• Software kuvariritira uye kuvandudzika ari pedyo nendima, uye kuwana migwagwa;
• mashoko uye nzira nokuda kukura yokudyara nzvimbo;
• nechokwadi isina kuwana kubva vamiririri vehurumende mitumbi munharaunda purazi-ongororo zvinangwa;
• ndichengetedze muongororo, kuongorora zvezvinangwa;
• mumwe yakatarwa uye nguva ichaitika zvinhu kudzivirira uye kuvandudza nyika ezvinhu.

2. Chinhu chikuru kurudyi mutengi rinoungana mutengesi wacho sungiro uye kuti zvinoda nenguva kuchinjwa nyika zvarongwa pamwe kumeso Implementation masimba avo ane muridzi:

• kuvaka zvivako uye ezvirevo zvinangwa okurima;
• kushandisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo paruzhinji zvicherwa, pasi uye namahwindo mvura miviri;
• kuti kudiridzwa, abudise, nyika reclamation, madziva mudziyo (madziva akamwisa yamabwe).

Zvibvumirano Nyika kutora havasi ndichisunga vari kuumbwa mukuru mitemo iri kutengeswa Real Estate. Asi hazvirambidzwi kushandisa raivapo kare zviridzwa, mhando makondirakiti. Somuenzaniso, murayiro RF Roskomzema 1-16 / 770 kubva 06.02.1993 akabvumirwa mharidzo nechibvumirano kutengeswa yekurima. Pari, gwaro iri anoshaiwa, asi inogona sokunoratidza kuti kwema pamusoro kuzvibvisa nyika.

Haushandi zvokudya of okutengesa chibvumirano

Ndima 2 Chikamu 37 of RF Land Code rinodonongodza zvinhu pasi iyo kutengeswa yekurima zvichabviswa sakosha:

1. Kodzero mutengesi kana mumwe munhu nekungwarira pfuma shure panguva kuda, kana pasi chero ezvinhu. Kuvapo urongwa hwakadaro zvinopesana chaizvo zvinorehwa pfuma.
2. itsva muridzi nezvirambidzo (the acquirer) zvichiita kwohumwe zvirevo vakawana pfuma. Somuenzaniso, kurambidza mortgages, kudyara zvimwe zvirimwa, anoreva nhema uye zvichingodaro.
3. Mutengesi kusunungurwa munyika kubva kuita kana kutaura uye vanoti nyika mapato rechitatu kana vehurumende. basa kuripa mutengi kuti kukuvadza kana kushaya nezvipingamupinyi kushandisa nyika inopiwa Article 461 of Civil Code.
4. Description of zviito yemberi muridzi, chero nzira chokuita nokuchinja nyika chikamu kana kurishandisa kuti zvimwe zvinangwa, kureva kwete kurima.

Pokugadzwa okurambidzwa izvi rine zvimwe zvarinoreva uye kushanda. Somuenzaniso, akavonga kwavari kunze apo pasi achinyepera waakazvitengesa chibvumirano kuti chokumbofanobata. Zvichienderana papi uye yezvinoreva kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa chibvumirano, kutengeswa yekurima anogona rakadzima muchidimbu kana zvakazara.

Nzira kupinda rokutengesa chibvumirano

Kufungisisa muridzi uye pasi marongerwo anozivisa zvinotevera nzira nokuda kutengeswa yekurima:

1. The pakuunganidza private nyika ichiita mabasa akawanda vachitenga uye kutengesa mitemo inopiwa § 7 Chapter 30 Civil Code, Articles 30 uye 38 RF Land Code, Article 8 Federal Mutemo № 101-FL.
2. Site pakuunganidza kuburikidza tenders (kana Auktionen). Kazhinji nzira iri rinoitwa pamusoro kuchinjirwa wokuronga paruzhinji uridzi. Zvitsaurei mitemo kutanga chaiyo kutengesa minda yekurima kuburikidza Auktionen, hatisi, uye dzemunharaunda vomurayiro pamusoro turnover anoreva mureza zvokudya Chikamu 38-38.1 ari LC RF.
3. Site kutora roja. With nzira iyi rwokutenga kunokosha chaizvo uridzi. Kana sero riri pasi chaiwo chikamu, kuti kutengeserana paruchaitika waifarirwa mitemo. Asi kutenga was nyika kubva nehurumende kana nharaunda, sezvinotevera kubva ndima 4 Chikamu 10 Mutemo pamusoro turnover, zvinokwanisika aiva nemukana wakazokura nenzira, asi chete pasina yemirau zvinoshanda wakabudiswa nehurumende kana matunhu neminisiparati zviremera kugovera nyika risi.

Nheyo rusununguko chibvumirano zvinoshanda, zvikurukuru, uye munzira kuenda mhedziso yayo, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise dzokurasa kunyika kwete chete nokuda inoshanda mitemo, asi kuburikidza private nyika Auktionen (Auktionen). Zvokudya Mutemo pamusoro turnover hazvivabvumiri, kufadza zvinoenderana vaitire ari ziviso simba nyaya chinangwa kutengesa nyika.