Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo site: kare, bvunzo nechirevo

Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo imwe pazvakanga zvitsauko munhoroondo yokurwisana pakati nyika mbiri dzine - USSR uye USA. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakusika akadaro mukuru-vachiwana uye zvinouraya zvombo kuti Soviet Union panguva iyoyo yakaoma yakanga vaida. Asi kuuya masayendisiti kwenyukireya wake zvakawanikwa, mubvunzo hunowedzera zvenzara kuti kuona apo ichi ichangoburwa kukura. Zvino dambudziko iri yakawanikwa.

History chokusika

Zvinofanira akati kuti renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo yaiva chikamu chirongwa kuvaka maatomu bhambu. saka zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera nzvimbo kuedza kubva zvombo zvitsva. Akatanga kuti steppes pamusoro Kazakhstan, waitova munzvimbo Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo yacho. Where nzvimbo ino ndiyo, munguva yedu, vashoma vanoziva. More zvakananga, inowanzorimwa ichi kurudyi kumahombekombe Irtysh River, chete? Km 130 kubva Semipalatinsk.

Zvakazova pachena kuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kwenzvimbo ndiyo yakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera pachivande Kuputika mumakomba uye tunnels. The chete drawback ndechokuti Chinese Consulate yaiva, asi munguva pfupi yakavharwa muna Semipalatinsk.

August 21, 1947 chirevo muchiratidza kuti kare vakatanga kuvaka gulag zvino zvaitambidzwa Defence Ministry pasi rokuti "Kurovedzwa pasi nhamba 2 MBC USSR (mu / h 52605)." bhasi ake vakagadzwa refutenendi-General P. Rozhanovicha uye foromani nesayenzi - M. A. Sadovskogo, uyo akazova academician.

bvunzo

Kokutanga chombo kwenyukireya muna USSR akaedzwa muzvinhu August 1949. Simba mabhomba ipapo raputika yaiva 22 kilotons. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kugadzirira kwazvo. Izvi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti hwokuchengetedza kunonyanyisa Kuwanda kwemashoko ari matambudziko uye nemigumisiro kushanda chombo itsva iyi.

renyukireya polygon Semipalatinsk inoitirwa guru nzvimbo 18 zviuru. 500 sq. ? km. Kubva ichi experimental nzvimbo ine dhayamita anenge 10 km uye rakakamurwa sectors rakachengetedzwa dzinounzwa. Munzvimbo ino, isu akavaka simulation zvivako dzinogarwa uye masvingo, uye vakaisa zvavo uye uto motokari. Uyezve, sectors izvi vaipfuura chiuru nehafu mhuka uye akaisa kumativi mukomberedzo pakati rwokuyera Photographic uye cinematographic michina.

Kana raiva yakarongwa bvunzo zuva, uye yaiva August 29, iri nechepakati nzvimbo panguva nekukwirira 37 M rakaputiswa mutariri RDS-1. Up kusvika pakakwirira zvikuru akamuka howa gore. Saka vakatanga basa ravo zvinouraya zviri Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo yacho. Netsamba bvunzo uye vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vava hostages nenguva uye kuona izvi zvinoratidzei, rinenge zvakafanana: bhomba - ndiye zvose huru uye anotyisa hauzozvikanganwi.

kuputika Statistics

Saka Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo, nhoroondo iyo kwasviba uye kwakavanzika, vakava zvinouraya vanhu vaigara pedyo. It kushanda kubva muna 1949 kusvika 1989. Panguva ino, nemiedzo kupfuura 450 rwaiitwa, panguva iyo rakavhuvhuta kumativi 600, vose renyukireya yenyukireya namano. Izvi, vanenge 30 vakanga zvakohwewa uye zvinenge 85 ndege. Uyewo, mamwe miedzo yaiitwa, zvaisanganisira hydrodynamic uye hydronuclear kuedza.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti yose vachikwanisa kupomera akadonha musi Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo kubva 1949 kusvika 1963, 2,2 zviuru. Times kupfuura simba maatomu bhomba, kuti chip muna US muna 1945 musi Hiroshima.

migumisiro

The landfill, iri Kazakh steppes, raikosha. Anozivikanwa kwete chete nokuda ndima yayo huru uye muridze pamusoro payo zvemberi zvinouraya zvenyukireya warheads, asiwo kuti nyika yake yakanga nguva vomunzvimbo yacho. Izvi zvakanga zvisiri kumwe munyika. Nokuti kuti okutanga mhosva shoma renyukireya vakanga vasina kukwana, vana 64 makirogiramu vaishandisa uranium exchange cheni maitiro kukanganiswa chete anenge 700 g, uye zvasara akarega kune inonzi radioactive paguruva, rinopedza pasi pashure kuputika.

Nekuti nemigumisiro rinotyisa pakati Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo yacho. Vakaperekedza nemiedzo pariri zvizere vakafungisisa veko. Somuenzaniso, kuputika kwakaitika pakupera November 1953. Raiva yenyukireya mutariri RDS-akanzi 37. Yakakandirwa kubva mundege, uye iye detonated kumwe panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 1550 metres. Somugumisiro howa gore aiva dhayamita ine 30 km uye kukwirira 13-14? Km. kuti aigona kuonekwa 59 munzvimbo. Pasina nharaunda mazana maviri makiromita kubva kwacho ari kuputika zvose mahwindo mudzimba akavhuniwa. Mune mumwe musha vakauraya kasikana, 36? Km dzakaparara uriri, mumwe musoja vakauraya uye vanopfuura 500 vagari vakakuvadzwa. On simba kuputika anogona kutongwa kubva chokwadi kuti Semipalatinsk, riri 130? Km kubva panzvimbo, muna 3 persons kunge akanyora chipaparadzungu.

Tinogona chete zvokufungidzira chii chingaita anoongororwazve zvenyukireya, kana kwete chibvumirano iri kurambidza kwavo mumvura, mhepo uye nzvimbo, wakasainwa masimba makuru munzvimbo iyi muna 1963.

Minda chikumbiro

Mumakore yokuedzwa yenyukireya vaunganidza zvakawanda zvinokosha. Vazhinji data, uye kusvikira nhasi segwapa "Classified." Vashomanana vanoziva kuti Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo rakashandiswa nokuda miedzo, kwete chete muchiuto, asiwo maindasitiri zvinangwa. Panewo magwaro vanoti Soviet Union ikabereka zvinopfuura 120 Kuputika kwete mauto chikonzero nenharaunda.

Nukes zvaishandiswa kusika mumigodhi hunodiwa mumafuta uye gasi maindasitiri, uyewo rakawedzera zvazvinoita ratova kutanga kudzingwa muminda zvicherwa. Oddly zvakakwana, asi Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo nzvimbo yaiva springboard kuti kuunganidza rakakura ruzivo kushandisa kuputika zvakadaro chinangwa chokuunza runyararo.

Kuvharwa

1989 aiva gore kumbomira yokuedzwa yenyukireya. Chaizvoizvo makore 42 pashure kuputika rokutanga bhomba - 29 August 1991 - chirevo chinokosha wacho wakasainwa Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev zvainanga ari kuvhara zviri Semipalatinsk renyukireya bvunzo yacho. Pashure 3 years, kuti zvombo yose zvombo zvakadaro yatorwa kubva munharaunda iyoyo State.

Kunyange pashure 2 years mauto anosiya zvose kubva ipapo, asi akasiya dzakaipa mavanga panyika muchimiro craters, tunnels uye zviuru makiromita ivhu rakacheturwa radioactive inoramba.

Kurchatov

Zvakatora makore 24 pashure pokunge akavhara Semipalatinsk bvunzo yacho. Asi Kurchatov - vanonzi kamwe guta up - achiri kunakidzwa mukurumbira zvinoshamisa pakati vatorwa. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo vakawanda hope kuti aone simba mhando akanga anyangarika superpower inonzi Soviet Union. The vashanyi vanosvika pano, rimwe nzira: Kurchatov - imwe experimental munda - kujairika nyanza, riri kunzi Atomic.

Kutanga, guta idzva rinonzi Moscow-400. Veukama kushanda kwakauya nyanzvi guru uye ikoko kutsvaga vadiwa vavo. Havasi kutomboziva kuti vari kurarama pamusoro 3 zviuru. Km kuMoscow. Naizvozvo, muna 1960 muguta Yakazopiwa zita rokuti kupinda Semipalatinsk-21, uye gare gare muna Kurchatov. The zita yokupedzisira anopiwa mukukudza rinozivikanwa yokuvaka zvenyukireya purogiramu USSR Igor Kurchatov, vaigara uye vakashanda pano.

guta rino yakavakwa kubva muvare anenge makore 2. Paivakwa dzimba zvaionekwa kuti vakuru uye masayendisiti nemhuri dzavo achange kugara pano. Naizvozvo Kurchatov yaipiwa nokuda soro muchikwata. Veukama vaiuya kushanyira vavanoda, vaidavira kuti vanorarama dzinenge kudenga. Paaiva muMoscow vanhu vaifanira kumira kwemaawa mumutsetse zvokudya Coupons mumaoko, muna Kurchatov echiShinto muzvitoro chete anobuda kujairika zvakawanda zvinhu.

mabhomba nyanza

Chaioneka somugumisiro kuputika anogadzirwa pakati January 1965 panguva confluence nzizi mbiri huru munzvimbo - uye Ashchisu danho. Power mabhomba mutariri aiva 140 kilotons. Pashure pokuputika kwacho, paiva mwena ane dhayamita 400 M uye kudzika pamusoro 100 m. Radionuclide kusvibiswa nenyika yakapoteredza Lake akanga 3-4? Km. Hekuno nhaka renyukireya riri Semipalatinsk bvunzo yacho.

landfill nyakurwadziwa

Kwapera gore, pashure wokutanga akaberekwa pakuputika yenyukireya, mucheche mwero wokufa kwevanhu kwawedzera kusvika 5 nguva, uye span upenyu yevagari vemo vakura shoma nemakore 3-4. Mumakore akatevera, kuvandudzwa vachiberekwa malformations munzvimbo yacho nevanhu chakawedzera, uye pashure pemakore 12 asvika chinyorwa 21.2% muna 1 zviuru. Vachangoberekwa. Vose - vakaurayiwa of Semipalatinsk bvunzo renyukireya nzvimbo.

In ngozi nzvimbo, ichi nzvimbo radioactivity muna 2009 raiva 15-20 Mr paawa. Pasinei neizvi, kuchine kurarama vanhu. Kusvikira 2006, nharaunda iri haana kungotidzivirira asi haisati vakanyora mamiriro ayo. The vomunzvimbo yacho yakashandiswa senzira mafuro emombe.

Munguva ichangopfuura, Mutungamiri Kazakhstan ave kunotsanangurwa rinokosha chinzvimbo vanhu vaigara kubvira 1949 kusvika 1990 pedyo chinhu, yainzi "ari Semipalatinsk renyukireya Yokuedzera." Kubatsira nokuti yevagari anoparadzirwa inobva kure nzvimbo yavo yokugara kubva experimental nzvimbo. The nzvimbo madhaka rakakamurwa 5 zvikamu. Zvichienderana ichi chete mubhadharo nokuenzanisa, uyewo muhoro zvokuwedzera. Zvinonzi akapawo uye kuti vawane mamwe mazuva kuti wepagore pazororo. Kuri kuti akauya munhu mumwe zvikamu pashure 1991, kubatsira hadzingoshandi pairi.