Sharaf Rashidov: Biography, mapikicha uye mhuri

Sharaf Rashidov anenge muzvina remakore, akatungamirirwa neMweya Communist Party pamusoro Uzbekistan. Pakati amuwana nesimba, ichi Asian zvokuvhoterwa Central akamborara ruva youpfumi kwayo uye tsika yakatanga nokukurumidza. Asi panguva imwe chete akasika paakafungisisa zvose uori ari yaiona-murayiro ezvinhu ane akasiyana kukaringa Uzbek, vanotungamirirwa nawo ainzi pashure Rashid.

Origin uye muduku

Apo akatanga rwendo rwake muupenyu Sharaf Rashidov? Biography ake akatanga muna 1917 muguta Jizzakh. Kazhinji, zvinonzi kuti akazvarwa mumhuri murimi mudiki. Asi pakati kudzidza vagari kuguta Jizzakh, mumazuva iwayo, zvakawanda sezvinoita musha, mhuri Rashidovs akamira pamusoro propensity yayo dzidzo: zvose vashanu kuvana vake, kusanganisira Sharaf, akadzidza ari munharaunda yemakore manomwe. Asi zvakanga pakati 20s, nyika akafamba Basmachi chikwata, masimba Islam, imwe munharaunda mullah kwakanga mubvunzo. Asi pachena, kwete pasina, kuti Bolsheviks akaita chimurenga zvavo, kana kunyange ari makuru murenje vanhu vanokweverwa ruzivo.

Youth nemakore kudzidza

Mushure-gore nomwe Sharaf Rashidov ari kuchikoro vadzidzisi 'kudzidziswa. makore rimwe nehafu kudzidza rokudzidzisa, uye pa18, akava mudzidzisi chesekondari. Vadzidzisi vari kushayikwa kumaruwa, zvingaita sokuti, achidzidzisa dzavo mafaro, kuroorwa uye kurarama kumativi ose, asi marefu wakanaka mukomana achida zvimwe. Akaenda kuna Samarkand uye anopinda rorusununguko State University.

Somudzidzi, Sharaf Rashidov neapo anonyora nhetembo, kunyora nyaya pfupi. Iye anoona navo remunharaunda pepanhau "Leninsky nzira". Pashure pechinguvana akaendeswa mamiriro chikuru Bhuku Samarkand. Asi nhau zvakafanira kukanganisa kwehondo.

Kuitawo Second World War

Muna November 1941, pashure nokukurumidza nzira yokudzidza Frunze Infantry School, zvematongerwe enyika mudiki mukuru, Sharaf Rashidov rwunotumirwa kuKalinin Front. Haana akapararira nemauto ake kare. Nhasi tinogona kuona chikonzero. Pashure pezvose, chii kuKalinin Front? Izvi anonyanya kurwira kubviswa pakati Rzhev salient, biennial monstrous nyama mukuyi, dzikavauraya kusvika masoja miriyoni Soviet uye chinangwa haina kubudirira.

Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich enyika mukuru akanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Red Banner, uye akakuvadzwa muna 1943, Reserve sezvo dzisina kukodzera kuti vawedzere basa.

pati basa

akarega basa enyika mukuru-makore 26 okuberekwa anodzoka pepanhau yake yaakaberekerwa Samarkand. Panoperera pakati 40s akanga wenhau ane zita, vachiedza vanozviwana vari mabhuku basa, asi nhetembo dzake uye nyaya zvave kuzivikanwa. kutanga kwake kuti kuzviita kusimudzira bato mutsetse. Chokutanga, anova sachigaro pakati Writers 'Union of Uzbekistan. Zvechokwadi, akanga ari hofisi yakatarwa. Rakavapa raireva nezvokuvapo kuvimba Rashidov muna Uzbekistan, uye mubatanidzwa utungamiri madenderedzwa.

Nokukurumidza munyori-makore 33 akava sachigaro Presidium Supreme Council of Uzbekistan. In yaimbova USSR, hapana mumwe akadai vaduku havana kuchengeta nzvimbo yepamusoro yakadaro mune hurongwa simba.

Muna March 1959, ari kusiya basa anotumwa munyori Communist Party pamusoro Zimbabwe Sabir Kamalov yokutanga. Pakazosvika nguva Rashidov akanga atova aiziva Nikitoy Hruschevym, uye akakwanisa kunakidzwa. Saka, musi dzinoenda kubva Moscow kusvikira pambiru musoro zvokuvhoterwa of Central Committee of Uzbek Communist Party elects izvozvo Bureau naye.

At musoro Uzbekistan

Sharaf Rashidov, basa iri pakutanga kwakaitika pasi kurinda kutarisira mubatanidzwa utungamiri uye pachedu Nikity Hruscheva, akanga anoonekwa somunhu anopa ruyamuro, asiri zvetsika Uzbek nemhuri zvakunowedzera kutungamirira akaturikidzana pamatavi siyana youpfumi, zvokutengeserana uye vehurumende. Rashidov rava chaizvoizvo nemwero vashandi mitemo, kwete vakakomba pachake nomuenzaniso vamutangira, hama uye vomunyika, akaedza kutanha vanhu zveutungamiri pamusoro makodzero. Pasinei sokuti Kujeka nhasi uye uchapupu nheyo idzi, nepo muna Central Asia waiva utsva.

Rashidov sezvo pechiso Soviet East

Young (iye chete akatendeuka 42), vakadzidza, chitarisiko mukuru Soviet zvokuvhoterwa vechimoziremu zvakanaka zvakasiyana vazhinji vaaishanda navo - party bureaucrats. It kunoongwa muMoscow. Nhengo Politburo pakati ari CPSU Central Committee Vanya Mikoyan, ane basa raiva kusimbisa ukama kunyika yeMabvazuva, nguva dzose akakoka Rashidov dzavo mhiri kwemakungwa rwendo kuenda kuIndia, Iran, Iraq. Ikoko Rashidovich Sharaf, vaiziva dzi uye outs kumabvazuva noruremekedzo pamba. Mukupindura Tashkent kakawanda yokumwe ehurumende uye paruzhinji nenhume.

In kuwa 1965 pakati India uye Pakistan muganhu kupesana payakatanga, izvo kwakakurumidza kupinda renguva pamwero hondo umo ndege uye matangi dzaishandiswa chaizvo. Hapana Western nyika vakatadza kuunza anorwisana mapato patafura tambokurukura. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa Rashidov chete, uyo akaronga musangano iri Tashkent vatungamiriri venyika mbiri, iyo kwakaguma kusaina of Tashkent Declaration, hwogumisa hondo iyi. Kunyange zvazvo zviri pamutemo muna kwakadzama nokuda USSR vaiitawo A. N. Kosygin, zvaiva pachena kuti mupiro huru kuti sangano musangano akaita mutungamiri Uzbekistan.

Rashidov uye Brezhnev

Kunyanya inodziya ukama zvave pana Sharaf Rashidovich Leonid Brezhnev, uyo aifarira kuuya Tashkent uye Musakanganwa kutaura zvemashoko zvavo Uzbek nevamwe raitevera mubayiro bato. Rashidov ari kuedza kusarasikirwa nechiso pamberi munyori mukuru, mushure zvose Brezhnev ukama zvaitsamira mari kuti National mabasa akawanda. Uye mari yacho pakati pakati dzeSoviet yaiva chairo. Uzbekistan inonyanyoshandiswa mukwikwidzi ari mumakwikwi uyu Kazakhstan, musoro iyo Kunayev shamwari Brezhnev kubva panguva yakakura ari mhandara.

Rashidov vakatsvaka nemari Moscow kuti kuvaka maguta itsva. Under utungamiriri hwake muRepublic akaonekwa Uchkuduk, Navoi, Zarafshan. New zvinomera uye mugodhi uye kubudiswa zvebhizimisi munyika Uzbekistan dzinenge kare mhanya pagore.

Apo Rashidov Republic akava goridhe. nyika guru Muruntau yangu yakavakwa kuti pagadzirwe nendarama rakavhurika gomba. Nhasi, goridhe Muruntau (matani anopfuura 60 pagore) ndiyo hwaro mari kugadzikana munyika.

Cherechedzai Rashidov Sharaf Rashidovich akabhadhara Tashkent. Guta guru Uzbekistan , akaedza kurichinja rimwe remaguta akanaka zvikuru kuMabvazuva. Pakati peguta 10-15 ose metres zvitubu dzakavakwa, akasiyana-siyana munyoro dzezvimwe zvinoshamisa. Tools kusika kubwinya zvose izvi agogodza kubva mubatanidzwa centre raiva Sharaf Rashidov. Photo nguva yake yokutanga 80-ies pasi apa.

chena goridhe

Asi chokwadi, nheyo emari Uzbekistan muSoviet munguva yakanga donje. Nyika iri 70s uye mangwanani 80s vaida guru mari zvokuyamura tsika iyi. Textile mafekitari kuzvidavirira miti nyore kutadza kufema nokuda kwokushaya kwayo, saka donje zvirimwa kunoramba kuwedzera, uye gore negore pakumora Mushandirapamwe ikava nhokwe basa rimwe munyika.

Union utungamiri kunoramba richingosimba Rashidov, vachirayira kuwedzera pakukohwa donje. Izvi kakawanda asingaiti kufungawo chero chinangwa ezvinhu akadai kusakura, mamiriro okunze akaipa uye zvichingodaro. Under dzose pangozi nokuda kukundikana urongwa donje romugove uye haadi kuti kurasikirwa simba uye simba, asi Uzbek vepamusoro inotungamirwa Rashidov kwakasimbiswa hurongwa hwose kuwedzererwa uye falsification maakaundi. Kunoitawo chero, kunyange gohwo rakanaka zvikuru Center kuti vataure anobudirira Implementation zvirongwa, mugamuchire kurudziro zvakakodzera, mibayiro uye zvinoda mari yenyika mabasa matsva.

Chinokosha ino kwakanga padariro donje vaburitsi vari chokuendesa nokuparadzirwa siyana nzvimbo unokupai makambani ari European chikamu nyika. Nokukurumidza akatanga kusvika pa kumotokari yavo donje, navo Uzbekistan akaenda nhume "vakasarudza", iro vakatakura mari vatungamiriri bwezvingoro, uye ivo vatotenderana pamwe emakambani-vatengi kuti ekupedzisira regai kuita paine kupikisana kwakadaro kana, pane yakatsvuka zvinhu kwegiredhi yokutanga akaita Class II kana pachena donje tsvina.

Vakanga akatorwa kubva mari? The USSR ndiye chete dzinorwadza - vatengesi. All Ivo obkladyvayut mutero, uye vari kudzokera akagamuchira zvinhu havatorina, iyo panguva iyoyo Uzbekistan akanga zvakawanda - vazvo avo vaiva Rashidov mubayiro nokuda "aurayiwe" nedonje zvitengeswa zvirongwa. Saka munhu utsinye denderedzwa yokunyengera, chiokomuhomwe, uori, ipapo yose mamiriro iri yonhuwa Uzbek vanhu.

donje nyaya

Uyo akauya simba pashure Brezhnev afa muna 1982, Yuri Andropov akasarudza hwogumisa kuti "donje Mafia". Pakutanga 1983 muna Uzbekistan kuongorora chikwata wakatumwa kuMoscow, izvo akatanga kusunga vatungamiri remunharaunda zvokutengeserana makambani, vachichera kunobva mari yose nyika uori. rinokosha dzakatorwa.

Rashidov akaziva kuti kuti vanoti zvisipo vhoriyamu nedonje haangavi zvinogoneka gore rino. Iye chipatapata vakamhanyira muzhizha uye mumatsutso 1983 munyika, vachikurudzira vatungamiriri vemunzvimbo kuwana reserves kupa chena goridhe, asi yakapikirwa mukutanga kwegore Andropov mamiriyoni 3 matani mbishi zvinhu akakwanisa kuunganidza 20 chete%. Nekuona kuti pamberi pake kumirira chete chinonyadzisa kudzingwa uye tsotsi kusunga, October 31, 1983 Rashidov, maererano netsamba dzake J. Nasriddinov, iye akaposha aimbova sachigaro Presidium Supreme Council.

Sharaf Rashidov: mhuri, vana

KuMabvazuva, vanokudza tsika dzemhuri, pasinei evanhu uye chinzvimbo. Ndozvakaitikawo kuti mutemo uyu uye Sharaf Rashidov. Mhuri yake yakanga neushamwari, izvozvo akabvuma tsika dzenyika. Mukadzi wake wakange ari vemba Hursant Gafurovna vana - vanasikana vana uye mwanakomana - vaiva Tashkent vanhuwo chikoro. Vose vachiri kuchengetedza ndaviga kuyeuka baba vake.