Shoko rokuti "Drang à Osten" rinoreva "Drang à Osten". "Drang à Osten": ukoshi, kushandiswa uye nhoroondo okuti

"Drang à Osten" - izwi raishandiswa remakore rechi19 kureva German expansionist nomutemo kuti kuwedzera "nzvimbo wevapenyu" iri hondo pamwe nemamwe marudzi, kunyanya Slavs. Pfungwa iyi raishandiswa Kaiser raMwari Germany uye nationalist yeChina kutsigira munyika yokumwe negwaro. Uyezve, izwi chaiwo mudzimba kare.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Pfungwa yokuti "Drang à Osten" kutanga akazviratidza munhau German kare kumavambo yeMiddle Ages muna 8-13 emakore, apo vanhu vokuGermany vatanga zvaigumbura avo pasi kuBaltic Slavs. Vakatsvaka kuwana nzvimbo iri kumaodzanyemba kuBaltic pamhenderekedzo, kwaiva kurwisana kunotyisa pakati pavo Lithuanians, Latvians uye Estonians, uyewo Finno-Ugric marudzi. In yokungotaura nemashoko, pfungwa iyi Akagamuchira kwayo Purani muzana remakore rechi12, paitonga Frederick Barbarossa. mambo ichi vakatevera chinoshingaira okumabvazuva mutemo, kuronga nzendo North East. Panguva yokutonga kwake, akanga Germanized marudzi mazhinji, kusanganisira Slavs uye Balts. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakafanana negwaro rakatangwa nechepakati kunzvimbo European, kunyanya yeAustria negwara. Zvisinei, mune mirayiridzo iyi Germanizing muitiro haana kubudirira.

nzendo

Meaning of "Drang à Osten" rine nhoroondo midzi kuti vadzokere nguva kufamba dzavanhu muEastern Europe. Historians pamadiro govera zvimwe kutama uye kunogumbura nemafungu. Chokutanga izvi chokuita remakore rechi9, apo East-vechiFrank feudal madzishe akaronga kukura muCzech uye Croatian nyika. The rakatevera nguva - nguva vakura Middle Ages (10-11 remakore fung), apo vatongi Hutsvene hweRoma vakanga mberi pamusoro kuBaltic uye nharaunda wePolish. Danho rechitatu - kurwisa vanoverengeka feudal nemadzishe uye machinda pamusoro necheSalvic namarudzi. nguva ino, pamwe akanga risingakanganwiki munhoroondo kukunda ose vokuGermany. Panguva iyi Teutonic uye wokuLivonia Order uye Order of Bakatwa akatsvaka kurebesa ayo simba pamusoro vostochnopribaltiyskuyu munharaunda. Panguva iyoyo vakanga vachishingaira kwete chete Knights German, asiwo vatengesi German, uyo ari mirayiridzo iyi kubudirira vamwe kubudirira, mukuru vatengesi Russian muLatvia.

Late Middle Ages uye ano

Drang à osten kushandiswa pakuwedzera vokuGermany kuMabvazuva necheSalvic nyika 16-18 emakore. Panguva iyi akaumba mutsva muEurope - the Habsburg umambo, izvo vakatonga Czech, Saxon, Hungary uye dzimwe nyika. Mukuwedzera, Imba Brandenburg akaisa rutivi Polish ndima mushure inozviitira partition kwePoland. Zvisinei kuwedzera uku nguva seiyi nokuda nemishonga necheSalvic marudzi. Pakati yakakurumbira hondo - Battle of Ice uye Hondo Grunwald. Kuratidza kuti vanhu vokuGermany akashandisa ichi izwi kupembedza kudiwa kubatana pakati German inoti achitungamirirwa Prussia.

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 Drang à Osten - rudzi Pfungwa dzidziso, yaisanganisira zvakafanana kutamburira kubatana mamiriro panguva kurwisa pazuva necheSalvic nyika. Pakutanga kwaiva mubvunzo kuwedzera zvoupfumi uye nokusimbaradza German pesvedzero munyika umambo. Kwakadaro dzidziso yakanga yakabatana pakuti nemakambani umambo rakawedzera National Liberation kufamba, uye sezvo maitiro kwakamuka pfungwa Pan. pfungwa itsva iyi raitsigirwa nezviremera uye ari kushingaira kushandiswa Hurumende of Kaiser pakupera kwezana emakore kuti kupembedza kuwedzera kurwira mabhora ose simba.

waridza

Shoko rokuti "Drang à Osten" rakashandiswa nhau kubva pakati remakore rechi19. In nyika yedu, chichiri kushandiswa kubvira 1865, uyo wakanga wakakodzera kuti Kuipa ukama pakati hurumende yeRussia uye kuBaltic eGermany. Gare gare pfungwa iyi akachinjirwa venhau uye mamwe mabhuku (muPoland, Czech Republic, France). Panguva iyoyowo, mashoko rave richishandiswa nemasayendisiti uye kare.

makore hondo

Shoko "Drang à Osten" vakanotora ruvara itsva uye kukosha chokuita Hondo Yenyika II. Pari Zvisinei, vari zvinowanzoshandiswa apo kutaura Mukuru Patriotic War. Izvi imhaka yokuti Hitler yake "Mein Kampf," vakati kudiwa veGermany richikura vapenyu nzvimbo tichiregeredza yacho necheSalvic nyika. Akanyora nezvokuti hurumende yavo anekodzero kutora yomumwe nharaunda nokuti nyika dzakaona yakakwirira chaizvo kwouwandu hwevanhu kuti zvinodiwa zvokudya. Panguva iyoyowo akadana kusiya mutemo kuwedzera dzaishandiswa ukama uye pfungwa mukuwana Kudzora German yacho kondinendi. Naizvozvo, emo dzekare, uyewo vaongorori vanoverengeka kubva Eastern Europe akashandisa izwi kureva hasha mitemo kwevaNazi.

ano chikumbiro

Nhoroondo Eastern Europe awana notoriety German yakakuwandira. East (Drang à Osten ari German shanduro) rava huru inoenda kuwedzera, iyo Akaperekedzwa ezvoupfumi nokushandiswa uye hondo dzakawanda. Asi mazuva iwayo, izwi chakarasikirwa zvaunoreva, kunyanya panyaya zvinowedzerwa kuitika necheSalvic States. Uye ano masayendisiti enyika vanoshandisa izwi kwete chete kune necheSalvic avanhu, asi vo rokumabvazuva mirayiridzo zvachose. Nyanzvi dzakawanda rokuti "American Drang à Osten", kana totaura US wokumwe mitemo nhasi. The Vanyori ona kuzvipira Hurumende kuti ndiitewo zviitiko muUkraine, Siria uye dzimwe nyika. Panyaya iyi, shoko rokuti rine matswa uye haisi nguva dzose kunzwisisa sezvamakaudzwa German kuwedzera munzvimbo necheSalvic nyika. Zvisinei, zvapedzisira muromo zvinoshanda sayenzi enyika.

The sayenzi zvematongerwo enyika

In historiography uye nhoroondo nesayenzi kuchiri izwi rinoshandiswa chinyakare mupfungwa. matambudziko aya kunokonzerwa pakuti kumabvazuva mirayiridzo yagara rimwe huru nhungamiro iri mutemo yeEuropean inoti. Izvi zvinhu zvikaramba kusvikira nhasi, uye pasinei kukumbira rugare uye kuedza kugadzirisa akaunganidza kupokana nedzenyu nzira, mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba zvikuru chakasimba munharaunda iyi. Dambudziko okumabvazuva nyika nguva dzose akaramba kunyanya akakodzera, uye ndicho chikonzero mazuva ano munyaya pfungwa kusanganisira nzvimbo iyi. Current geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti shoko rokuti "Drang à Osten" zvakare hunotanga vachishingaira kushandiswa enyika duramazwi.