Soviet warrior vashandi keriya BTR-152: Magadzirirwo

The dambudziko kutakura vashandi pashure peHondo Yenyika II zvikuru kunetseka zvose Soviet zvakagadzirwa bureaus, uye kunyanya High Command. Kubva musi takambosangana, zvaiva pachena kuti kushandiswa chinangwa ichi kwakajairika nemarori nyore tsotsi, sezvo paine yangu, ndege bvuta muvengi kana kunyange moto kubva zvidiki inogona vakatumwa yokukanganwa yose dhipatimendi. Wakazviitira nechekumashure pfungwa idzi uye wokutanga chaiwo warrior vashandi keriya BTR-152.

Nomupedzachose kana vhiri?

Uye mubvunzo uyu haisi simbe, kunyange nhasi. Pakutanga zvakaitika vagadziri edu tisina, kuongorora rwaiitwa zvose kumativi. First akahwina vanyori nezvemakwara: michina izvi bribed muchinjikwa wake, vaigona akusungirire yakawanda nadzo. Asi kwaiva nevamwe nematambudziko.

Chokutanga, kunzwisisa kwakaita kudzidziswa Vanamakanika, vatyairi kuti midziyo yakadaro yakanga yakakwirira uye muduku zvishoma kuna izvo kudzidza kuti kwematangi. Motorized inifanduri sezvo aimbova munhu guru revarwi, uye kudzidzisa kwakadaro vazhinji zvikuru unyanzvi nyanzvi yave kudziviswa. Uyezve, zvakakanganisa akaipa zvakaitika Great Patriotic War.

Tiri kutaura logistics. Yakawana warrior motokari, kunyange maererano rokutanga Masvomhu vaifanira uchapedza kanenge mamwe 1/3 huni, uye kana imi kucherekedza maoko hama kuti uremu, uye kunyange zvakawanda. How kurera mvssu Diesel itsva hondo huru?

Mukuwedzera, vhiri rimwe muchina iri husina nyore ishande, kugadzira uye kugadzira, upenyu basa ravo zvikuru. Pakupedzisira, APCs aya nyore kuti zvinoyangarara, apo pamwe yakawana motokari feint kwakadaro crank panze zvizhinji kuoma. Chisarudzo chakaitwa, uye kubatidza 152-APC.

Start okukura

Nechekare kumavambo 1946, chirimwa kwakatangwa VMS Nzvimbo zis-151 motokari. Zvakare, zvakaitika apfuura, motokari pakutanga akaita hwakasiyana-siyana, zvakafanana unonyatsokodzera kushandiswa muna National upfumi, uye ari muchiuto. Nokukurumidza, vagadziri vakaziva kuti zvachose yezvisikwa zvinoitika chete rengano uye hope, uye saka pfungwa tsvakurudzo mumunda evasingatombonamati weuto transporter, iyo vakagamuchira indekisi "Vanoramba-140".

Used michina kubva mureza zis. Uyewo hazvina rave akakweretwa kubva puranga uye, pamusoro truncated 385 mm. Asi ichi redunhu marongerwo vagadziri kushandiswa zvokubatisa matatu. Kusiyana muenzaniso yepakutanga raishandiswa sezvo dzimwe kuturika kufamba, uye dzine simba, akawedzera uye zvakasimbisa matsime.

tai Magadzirirwo

Tires - mamwe uye simba zvikorekedzo kuti anopa rakawedzera permeability kusvika chero rwevhu, chero ekunze uye okunze.

Tires vaifungidzira kushandisa chete yakaderera kumanikidzwa (4 makirogiramu / masendimita ^3). For mabhiriji zvose kushandisa imwe njanji. Kupikiswa zvakakanganisika (kusanganisira panguva kutokonora) vagadziri vakanga pakutanga aronga kuti kubudirira uchishandisa hurongwa pamwe makamuri maviri ndokubhururuka namano centralized achiwedzeredza pavo pamusoro vanoenda. To 152 APCs aigona kubvisa mauto kubva ngozi nzvimbo kunonyanyisa kumhanya muchina injini anomanikidzwa pakarepo kuna 118-122 litres. a. (Inogadzirisa ukoshi asi asingaiti pfuura 110 l. C.).

Unhu Main of muchina

Casing - inotakura mhando, welded kubva zvombo mahwendefa, ane ukobvu aiva 6, 8, 10 uye 13 mm. Pakazosvika akanyatsofungwa uye pfungwa zvaidiwa frontal nadzo chechipiri aigona "chengeta" kurova mabara 12.7 mm. Engine mupanda - pamberi muchina, kudzorwa module yaiva shure nayo. Kufanana BTR-40, achiwana panopinda chikwata ichi yaiva shure uye akanga akazaruka zvachose pamusoro.

Nokuti kudzivirira kuenda neherikoputa guruva uye kunayisa vaishandisa bvisika nematende. Embarkation uye kumhara kwaiitwa nokupira mukova kuseri muhurumende. In nechemberi pane mbiri masuo kuburikidza iyo vapinda motokari mutyairi uye murwi.

unozvishandira kudzivirira zvinogadzirwa APC

Front dzokurwa jira ane pakuvara maketeni, hwezvekukurukurirana ari kuvanza kuongororwazve munharaunda nokuda rakarira. Manholes muhondo mamiriro akamutangira kuvhara nguwani ine inoisa pamusoro warrior munyoro, bara-uchapupu rinoonekera. The Zvinoumba mudonzvo zvombo anozvipira 152 warrior vashandi vatakuri zvaisanganisira: 7,62 mm SG-47 (pfuti Goryunova maitiro), vakazochinja chikatsiviwa SGM. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, bhuku zvombo kuchakunda chiuru dzinenge zvombo.

The chombo inogona akatasva rimwe maoko zvaiva parutivi rumwe norumwe (zvidimbu zviviri nerimwe). Uyewo pamativi paiva kamwe matanhatu kumativi pokunzvenga napo, tichishandisa iyo, vashandi vemo aigona moto kubva pachake nepfuti. Nebasa kukurukurirana nekaupenyu nesimba uye nyore redhiyo 10-PT-12.

Ndima ehurumende nemiedzo, mhedziso payo

First BTR-152, ine pikicha munyaya akapinda achitongwa mukutanga 1947. Panguva iyoyowo "vaikwikwidzana" vatatu kugadzirwa michina dzakatevedzana. The pakuongororwa akasimbisa kwazvo tarisiro zvitsva warrior vashandi vatakuri. Zvikurukuru, ayo permeability zviri nani kuti ari GAZ-63. On huru motokari aigona mhanyisa pakarepo kuna 80-85 km / h. Makore matatu gare gare, muenzaniso APC-152 kwapfuura zvachose kuyedza zvose nzendo, motokari yakanga pamutemo mubasa yeSoviet Army.

Nyaya kwaizotevera mazuvaano

Warrior motokari anobudiswa panguva chirimwa VMS. Kazhinji, zvose vakabvumirana pamusoro pfungwa yokuti vagadziri akakwanisa kusika munhu zvakanaka nyore, asi hwakavimbika chaizvo motokari kuti anonyatsokwanisa ikodzere chinangwa. Chokwadi, zvimwe zvikanganiso zvave vayo. Somuenzaniso, simba rayo arambe achirema yaiva nekaupenyu simba, uye permeability (kana zvichienzaniswa yakawana motokari) haana kusvika yakanaka. Asi zvinhu zvose izvi.

The mazuvaano of BTR-152 akanga akatakurwa kunze vakazoroorwa, pashure iyo michina vane indekisi B. shanduro iyi rakagamuchirwa muna 1955, uye panguva imwecheteyo nayo vatanga kupinda vakawanda kugadzirwa. Musiyano mukuru kubva inokosha womuenzaniso vaiva zvinoriumba nemagungano kubva Nzvimbo žil-157 rori, iyo panguva chikatsiviwa žil-151 pamusoro fekitari gungano mutsetse. Zvisinei, chikuru utsva kuti muchina uyu kuisa zvakawedzerwa, "yepamusoro" centralized mhepo mitengo hurongwa tai (12.00 X 18).

Patency uye kurwisana survivability pamusoro warrior vashandi vatakuri panguva iyoyo vakanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera. Pakupedzisira, 152 warrior vashandi vatakuri (Soviet warrior vashandi keriya) akagashira simba winch samovytaskivaniya, kurerutsa zvikuru upenyu hwayo mutyairi. , Izvo akazviratidza muna 1957, ari nadzurudzo ari B1, vakagamuchira itsva shanduro imwe nechepakati tai mitengo yezvinhu, iyo akadzivirirwa nani kubva zvichibvira kukuvara. Pakupedzisira, motokari awana redhiyo itsva P-113, zvakawanda hwakavimbika.

Last nadzurudzo

Inenge iri nguva chete nokuda warrior vashandi vatakuri vakatanga kuisa chiratidzo usiku TVN-2, uye kumhara Bay pakupedzisira muchidziisa maitiro kuti pakarepo akaonga masoja Trans-Baikal Military District. Muna 1959, musi maoko runoyerera Serial Soviet BTR-152K, misiyano yakakura yaiva pamberi zvisingatomboiti warrior denga uye pedza feni.

A denga akanaka chaizvo nezvainoita kuchengeteka kumhara. Munzira dzakawanda, kushandiswa dzinovaka mhinduro yakadaro yakanga nokuda kwaita zvombo NATO zvenyukireya zvombo zvakasiyana siyana.

Chinonyanya kukosha rokuchinja rokupedzisira nadzurudzo

Chekutanga, muviri kukwirira yakawedzera pakarepo kuna 300 mm. The yose Kureba padenga pakanga nehwangwadza akavharwa ne dzokurwa kwamahwendefa. To muhombe pabutiro yaiva nyore kuvhura, izvo articulated pamwe torsion nomuzariro. musuo Emergency iri pamukova rwemberi muchina, pamusoro payo kupembedza rengoro vakatasva. Pamusoro rokutyaira chigaro chakaitwa yoga kurova-rova vanoenderana kugadzwa chiratidzo usiku mudziyo TVN-2.

Sezvaiitwa yapfuura shanduro imwe warrior vashandi keriya aiva mumabhuraketi zvina hunowedzera zvigwagwagwa, asi ava yakaiswa panhivi kuda haisi nyaya, asi zvakananga padenga. In basa zvombo aigona kushumira muenzaniso SGMB kana FCT. Murwi nzvimbo rinongova pamusoro kudzorwa dhipatimendi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe warrior motokari yakanga kazhinji kuine pfuti.

Kusiyana kare zvakasiyana, ichi uto BTR-152 haana zvigaro kuti vashandi yakaiswa zvakananga pamusoro mafuta matangi. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kuwanda paratroopers rakadonha, asi yekudyidzana zvakawedzera revarwi survivability of machine. Uyezve, zvakagadzirwa kunge akambofunga pamasikiro injini, iyo vakagamuchira aruminiyamu humburumbira musoro.

Kutanga nokuzviremekedza propelled pfuti zvivako

muenzaniso uyu waiva wokutanga nowokupedzisira muSoviet Army dzidzira magadzirirwo, kwakavakirwa izvo vakasikwa kushandiswa kuzvidzora propelled pfuti. The muenzaniso wokutanga BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), vakatanga kubereka muna 1950, anenge panguva imwe chete nokubudiswa ane warrior vashandi keriya. Pamutemo, chidobi ichi akaiswa basa muna 1951.

Asi muna 1952, musi hurumende nemiedzo zvakaitika "chikara" ZTPU-4 (mbiri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda KPVT, vanosvika mana dhiramu caliber 14,5 mm). Zvombo kuti muchina uyu 2000 kwepfuti. Firepower zvemichina kwave terrific, asi nokuda zvigadziriswe pakati Chinyorwa aiming Zvakaoma chaizvo kudzidza, nomufaro panguva rechiuto kugadzwa hazvikonzerwi.

Made nezvechisarudzo ichi chaiva chete makopi mashomanana, kushandisa "dzomoto" akanga asingamboshayikwi akatorwa. Apo vakabudirira kuti zu-23 caliber 23 neMM, uye chaiwo muchina kudzora BTR-152U, imwe nevamwe aizoonekawo muviri pamwe yekudyidzana kwakawedzera nokukwirira kwakanga. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti aenderane munyaya dzomunyika vhoriyamu hombe michina.

Nhasi, ari BTR-152 pamwe kuchengetedza dzakakurumbira pakati vateresi akapfuma uye mafeni emauto zvokushandisa, uye munhu anoita kuti motokari anokosha akagadzirirwa kuenda pamusoro kuvhima uye kuredza hove.