Speech: Speech ehupfumi. Oral uye zvakanyorwa mutauro

Zvinonzi huviri chikuru akarwisana mumwe, uye mune dzimwe nzira vachiwirirana mhando. It is nemukanwa uye mutauro wakanyorwa. Vakaputsa kumusoro kwayo munhoroondo kukura, saka kuwana misimboti siyana kwomutauro mari. Obscheliteraturnogo mutauro Ezvemutauro kuti zvinobatana mhando dzakadai mutauro nomuromo uye akanyorwa ndiyo hwaro paumbwe uye kushanda anofanana dzakatevedzana. Decoupling kwavo bhuku-rakanyorwa uye dzaiita vaitaura nevasori vari kushandiswa zvizere yakatarwa mukirasi yacho, uye iri pakatarisana vaikwanisa kuita zvakawanda.

orality kutaura

Orality Nde chinhu kubatanidza mashoko akasiyana kwemarudzi, izvo akakamurwa rakataurwa shoko. kunyora ehupfumi yaitengeswa akasiyana mabhuku uye akanyorwa mhando. Chokwadi, chimiro handiyo chete inobatanidza chinhu. Asi nomumukanwa uye kukurukurirana zviri anosarudza paumbwe uye kushanda wakananga mitauro nzira, yakasiyana matauriro zvakanyorwa. Speech ehupfumi chokuita hunhu nezera rayo. Ngationgororei izvozvo zvizere.

Kusiyana parudzi kutaura uye kunyora

Musiyano kunobva pamafomu womumvuri psycho-vasiri musiyano. Vanachiremba vakawana kuti zvigadziriswe vechizvarwa uye maonero kutaura uye kunyora havasi zvakafanana. Kana rudzi kunyora pane nguva dzose nguva yokufunga nezvemunhu pamutemo mashoko kuronga, saka kuti ukuru yokuronga patsva mukuru.

Nokudaro, kuverenga zvinogoneka nguva dzose kumbomira uye kufungisisa zvakanyorwa zvikuru, achiperekedzwa dzayo nevanhu pachavo. Izvi zvinobvumira zvose kunyora uye muverengi kushandura zvakafanira mashoko kubva huru kurangarirwa kuti kwenguva refu. Kwete kuti pakutaura uye kuteerera. mamiriro ayo ari inorira, kare zvikuru ataura mutauro. The ehupfumi Kutaura takatsunga kana ichi chokuti chinhu rukova kuti chete racho kugadzirwa anogona kwaizombomiswa nomukurukuri maererano nevavariro yake kugumisa kana imbomira ruzivo. Teerera kune zvinodiwa kugamuchirwa kwavo kutevera kutaura nguva, uye haisi nguva dzose apo anofanira, zvinokwanisika kumisa kuti zvakadzika kufunga kuburikidza. Naizvozvo anoita anonyanya pfupi-rokuyeuka, kana achiziva kutaura. Speech ehupfumi munyika iyi ine iri chokwadi kuti kwakanga kwatangwa, mumwe-kure, haigoni kuitika zvakare muchimiro iyo kare vakanga vanunurwa.

kushandisa michina

Kana kudzidza mutauro wokumwe uchigadzirira chidzidzo inogona kugadzirwa pachine mutongo neimwe, asi muchidzidzo ichi hakushande: dambudziko vaingoerekana kugadzirwa kunoda apiwa munyika anotsvedzerera aibuda kutaura kupa kutaura mugove. Kutaura maitiro ndechokuti chose hazviiti kugadzirira, anogadzirwa mune zvikurukuru zvoga. Kana mukurukuri zvakaoma kudzora payo, acharasikirwa kunaka spontaneity uye Akasununguka. Kuzvidzora pamusoro zvizere zvinogoneka chete kunonoka kudzidziswa kutaura, ake kujairika kumhanya achibudisa stereotyped hunhu.

Ridzai akanyorwa

Yakabudiswa neZvapupu vaingoerekana kutaura zvinofanira dzinoratidzwa nyore scoring pakati akanyorwa, kuitwa chizvarwa vakurukuri, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, uye dzimwe nguva vakurukuri. scoring kwakadaro haachinji chinhu rugwaro, uye kunyange inonzwika, asi anoramba sezvakanga zvakanyorwa. Nepo rarinoshevedzwa hunhu yokunyorwa kutaura, zvose zviri zvivako zvayo. Kubva orality zvinoratidzika intonation gandiwa chete uye zvichibvira phonetic expressiveness. Kureva acoustic ehupfumi kutaura ruzha zvinosiyana. Zvinofadza kuti kuchengeta E. A. Bryzgunovoy anoenzanisa mutambi kutaura zvakafanana acho: ivo zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti paakangoridza nemumuromo kutaura chinhu pane izvi, kuti intonation, misiyano simuka nokuda individualization.

unhu

Oral kuizwi nguva dzose nomumwe. Kunyora izvi haisi hombe unhu mhando dzose. Chete unyanzvi Kutaura nomumwe uye pamwe Kuregeredza pepanhau kutaura Genres. mutauri neimwe ine nzira pachake zvinoratidza dzevanhu unhu kubva ayo mupfungwa, zvemagariro, kunyange nyanzvi zvinhu uye zvakafanana mutsika. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete kune kutaurwa mutauro. In Paramende Somuenzaniso, chokupika nomumwe MP unoratidza unhu hwake uye rokuva, rinopa munzanga asian. Oral kuizwi kazhinji kunoreva zvakawanda kune muteereri kupfuura mashoko huri mashoko, nokuti iyo chokupika kunoitika.

Features kutaura

Kana tava kuenda weboka zvinokonzera nomumukanwa uye kukurukurirana, zvinoitika kuti kuwedzera kuita mubhuku-kunyora mhando pano mamwe vari. Zvimwe zvivako kutaura ndezvemamiriro zvose waingoita uye zvokukurukura mhando uye inozivikanwa iye kusiyana bhuku-kunyora, achiudzawo yokuRussia mutauro chaiko ano migove miviri. Vamwe anotora rutivi kusarudzwa emarudzi nomumukanwa uye zvokukurukura mhando. We zvinyore okuwedzera zvinhu izvi. ehupfumi kwakadaro kutaura vari kukanganiswa, ezvinhu, izwi mhando (kushandiswa kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura uye dialogs).

Vachitaura mashoko

Achitaura nguva dzose yakanyorerwa, uye zvakananga muteereri uyo anoona panguva iyoyo rayo kugadzirwa addressee pano uye ikozvino. Zvemarudzi ose michina zvakapesana zvakafanana kunonoka uye kuburitswa vakanyoresa inogona kuteerera, sezvo havana kunyimwa huru kukurukura chiito: chiripiripo maonero, apo zvinokosha nguva yaunonyanya kushandisa. Addressee anogona kuva: a) Munhu; b) seboka; c) mukanyiwa.

Izvi mhando nhatu kugadzirisa nemumuromo mabhuku kutaura, coinciding pamwe migumisiro zvimwe zvinhu zvayo weboka (zvose izvi zvinhu, kusanganisira kugadzirisa, unidirectional), zvinobatanidzwa mune hurumende ichiisa kwemarudzi matatu nomumukanwa mabhuku mutauro (nemukanwa uye zvokukurukura mhando mutauro chaiko): 1) dzinogamuchidzanwa-zvataurwa; 2) zvokuudzwa SF; 3) redhiyo uye terevhizheni.

kunyora kugadzirisa

Hakuna wakananga kugadzirisa: murevereri pakati munyori rugwaro uye muverengi ndiye bepa, uye rinobvumira kuti vabvume kunonotsa kuverenga, kureva kubvisa chinhu mumuviri nguva, zviri rusununguko chaiye chete unhu nespontannosti uye reusable ... Kusiyana kutaura hairevi nayo achiti "shoko rinotaurwa kwapfuura Achiyeuka." Kwakadaro zvisina kunanga achitaura kunogona kuita kuti kupesana.

situationally

The inokosha ehupfumi kutaura zvinosanganisirawo ezvinhu. It tinoberekwa rakataurwa mhando, apo mamiriro ezvinhu jhaana now inozadza pfungwa, chero vagueness uye inaccuracy. Zvinonzi Kazhinji nezvenzvimbo chete unhu kutaura mutauro, asi, chaizvoizvo, rinogara dzakaonekwa. Zvinoratidza Somuenzaniso, kutaura kuongorora enhetembo kana zvaida oupenyu kucherechedza kunzwisisa yakarurama uye kunzwa pamusoro nhetembo. Kazhinji, zvakataurwa ichi mhando, zvokudya basa uri upi Genre, kubvumira rokuvandudza maonero uye kunzwisisa vavariro nemunyori. Nokuti akawedzera ezvinhu zvachose appertseptsionnaya chawo mukurukuri muteereri, nzanga zivo uye ruzivo. Zvose izvi achibvumira kutukana cues uye rinopa kunzwisisa pane imwe peziso. Zvishoma dzinoratidzwa ezvinhu uye pamwe nevaridzi mubvunzo. Somuenzaniso, mudzidzisi anoziva vateereri vake zvavaifanira kuziva uye anogona, chii chiri kunakidza. Misa rinotaurwa ezvinhu mumagwaro haisi chaiyo. Saka anoita somunhu chinoita woga uye colloquially sechikamu-nguva chinoita zvinoratidza yesayenzi Kutaura nemumuromo. Chokwadi, ezvinhu haagoni dzinoratidzwa chero mhando kunyora mhando.

Kushandiswa kutaura monologues uye nhaurirano zvakanyorwa

Kana nhamba kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura nekutaurirana nezvimiro, ipapo ichi pfuma uye zvakanyorwa uye dzaiita mhando nokuda partitioning ari mabhuku mutauro siyana anoita zvakasiyana. Mubhuku-kunyora mhando, hazvina basa partitioning chinhu nomumukanwa uye ndikataura ruchibatanidzwawo. Izvi imhaka dzakasiyana nhamba kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura nekutaurirana muna akanyorwa uye kunanzvana mhando. Mubhuku-kunyora mhando musayenzi monologic kutaura kazhinji, asi kunogona kuonekwa sezvo zviratidzo dialogic. Kunyange zvazvo izvi havabvumirani kana vane, zvino haina kutungamirira, asi isina kunanga. Business chinotaurwa monological maonero, asi vasina (kazhinji) mitsetse kutaura murayiro, chikumbiro, nhungamiro, mirairo, nezvimwewo, rine rechiito causative chimiro (inotodiwa) chinja, chimiro uye sangano vari pedyo yakatofanana nhaurirano. Newspaper nyaya kazhinji monologic, asi ingasanganisira zvinhu kwehurukuro, vachitevedzera mibvunzo muverengi uye nemhinduro dzake yekuita, anotungamirira nhaurirano iri Genres kubvunzurudzwa, kunyorerana vaverengi, kupindura mibvunzo, etc. In unyanzvi hwokutaura nhaurirano -. Kunoreva yokukurukurirana vatambi, munyori kutaura chete anoenda monological maonero. Asi pane zvizere dialogic Genres. Izvi, Chokwadi, kutaura pamusoro Mitambo uye mutambo sezvo unyanzvi fomu. Kazhinji, zvinoitika kuti ave chinhu pamusoro weboka nhaurirano - kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura vanotaura indistinctly, asi anoratidza zvakajeka zvikuru kuwedzera dialogicality akasiya.

Monologues uye nhaurirano mukutaura

The zvokuudzwa zvokukurukura-mhando vangasimudzira zvakasiyana reshiyo. Zvinonzi atsunga kuti dialogic uye monologic siyana pakutaura, Somugumisiro, vane masangano akasiyana, zvinoti: kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura - nayo chidimbu kubudikidza chidimbu nemarongerwo, nhaurirano - chinhu yakaoma pfupi zvokukurukura cues, zvakananga kuti kwezuva nezuva nemarongerwo. Zvechokwadi, muna kunyora nhaurirano ine syntactical Mumagazini tichienzanisa kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, inova nzvimbo vakawanda syntactic mapatani, chete kunyora upfumi. Asi pano kusiyana dialogic uye monologic mhando hakurevi kunotoreva musiyano unokosha dzakadaro nemarongerwo apo chaiyo zvokukurukura mhando peta munguva nhaurirano. Kazhinji, nomumukanwa dialogic-kukurukurirana mhando zvinoderedza kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Uye inosvika kushoma nomumukanwa pakutaura sayenzi. Wakaenzana nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura rinobvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidza weboka dzinogamuchidzanwa kutaurwa mutauro sezvo siyanei akaparadzaniswa pachishandiswa redhiyo uye terevhizheni, uye dzaiita nokutaura sayenzi marudzi,.