Svondo 4 - Zuva Rokugadzirira Kuchengeteka Nyukireya muRussia

Svondo 4 - Zuva reyanyanzvi mukuchengeteka kwenyika yenyu munyika yedu. ISoviet Union yakanyatsoteerera kuburitsa kwebhomba renyukireya, kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvekushandisa nyukireya. Gore roga roga, masayendisiti akawana zvimwe zvakawanikwa munzvimbo ino. Kunyanya kukuru kwakabhadharwa kuongororo yesayenzi pakusikwa kwezvinhu zvenyukireya nekushandurwa kwavo.

Kukunda kwehurongwa yenyukireya

Kubudirira kukuru mukuvandudzika kwenyika yenyukireya ndiko kusikwa kweSimipalatinsk test site (Altai Territory). Muna 1949, yekutanga, uye mugore ra1990 - miedzo yekupedzisira yenyukireya muUSSR. Vongai nyukliya masayendisiti, yakave yakakwanisa kuidzidzisa pasi pemamiriro asina kunaka. Ndiyo ma heroes akazvitsaurira kune zuva reyanzvi mune nuclear nuclear security.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa ndiyo nzvimbo yebhomba yekutanga kuputika, rudzi rwe "nzvimbo yepamusoro" yeSimipalatinsk test site. Vose vanyori vekumba vekambani yenyukireya nehondo vakashanda pakusikwa zvombo zvenyukireya. Mushure mekuedzwa kwekutanga, masayendisiti masayendisiti akaita mamwe mabasa 715 akadaro.

Nezvehutano

Atomic physics ibasa resainzi rinodzidza hurongwa uye zvinhu zveatomu. Mushure mekuwanikwa kwema radioactivity (1896), yakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Muma1940 nema1950, nyukliya fission yakadzidzwa, semugumisiro, simba renyukireya, zvombo uye maitiro zvakasikwa. Nenguva isipi basa re thermenikliya fusion rakatanga.

Pazuva rakasviba, nyanzvi yekuchengeteka kwenyika yenyu inofadza masayenzi enyukireya munyika yose. Basa ravo chii? Nyanzvi dzemafikiriya emagetsi enyukireya vari kushandiswa pakushandisa zvigadzirisheni zvigadziri, vanocherechedza mamiriro avo nemubatsiro wezvinhu zvakakosha. Uyezve, ruzivo rwevanyori ava runoshanda kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi enyukireya, masangano ekutsvakurudza, mabhakato uye masangano edzidzo.

Matambudziko akamuka mushure mekuedzwa kwe nyukireya

Kufambira mberi kwesayenzi kwakabatanidza nyaya dzakakomba. Migumisiro yakaipa yezvinhu zvenyukireya yakawanikwa yakawanikwa nevagari vomuAltai Territory, uko maitiro emhepo yakasvibiswa akawedzera. Paiva nechido chekushandisa nuclear yenyu. Uyewo mubvunzo wakamuka pamusoro pemigumisiro yemirairo yevanhu. Zvose izvi zvakaitwa kuti mumwe munhu asarudze. Saka basa idzva rakasimuka - nyanzvi yefikireya. Muna 2006, hurumende yeRussia yakagadzira zororo rakasiyana kune vashandi vakadaro, iro rinonzi Day of Nuclear Safety Specialist.

Nyika yepashure yehondo yakave netariro yakareba yekusika kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Nyanzvi inyanzvi inyanzvi yenyika Andrei Sakharov yakabatsira zvikuru mukusimudzirwa kweSoviet yesayenzi uye kusikwa kwebhomu reHyrogen. Mumabasa ake esayenzi akataura pamusoro pesimba guru rinoparadza re bhomba renyukireya rinogona kuparadza vanhu vose. Zvidzidzo zvakaunza munyori wavo wenyika mukurumbira.

Ndeipi nyanzvi ye nyukireya inoita?

Zuva renyanzvikireya muRussia rinotarisirwa kuyeuchidza avo vanoita basa rinokosha mukuchengeteka kwenyika. Miedzo yenyukireya haisati yaitwa kwenguva yakareba, asi nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kuzvombo zvenyukireya dzichiri kukosha nhasi. Masangano ekutsvakurudza eRussia anotsvaga chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuputika kwenyukireya, achichigadzira muzvinhu zvakasiyana. Nekubatsira kwezvinhu zvakasarudzwa, magetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa anobudiswa panguva yekuputika.

Iyo MiG-29 ndiyo muenzaniso wekuedza kunoiswa pakutanga pasina mutoro, uye ndokuwedzerwa kusvika pahupamhi hunokosha. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvombo zve ndege yakakundikana inotanga kubhururuka pakarepo. Basa rezvombo zvenyukireya nderekuona zvisingaoneki zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirwa kwezviitiko.

Pane chimwe chiziviso chinozivikanwa - iyo iyo giant tube. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakavharwa apo kushamiswa wave kunogadzirwa. Kupfuura ichi chikwata chakapfuura ose mauto ehondo eRussia. Kana matangi asina kumira muedzo akadaro, vakatumirwa kuti vadzoke zvakare. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero ipi zvayo yehutoriki inofanira kugamuchirwa nevasayendisiti isati yasvika.

Unyanzvi hunodikanwa hwemhizha weyanyanzvi

Kuva nyanzvikoriya nyanzvi ndechiremera chikuru. Pazuva rinokosha rekugadzirisa nyukireya nyanzvi, kufara uye mashoko anodziya anonzwika kune vanhu vanofanirwa kuva nemafungiro anotevera:

1. Iva neunyanzvi hwekuongorora.
2. Kugona kukwanisa kufunga zvakananga uye zvine musoro.
3. Iva nemafungiro emasvomhu .
4. Iva nekuyeuka zvakanaka.
5. Ita kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa zvakanaka.
6. Iva nehanya, wakasununguka uye akarongeka.
7. Kukwanisa kugadzikana mupfungwa uye kwakagadzirisa pfungwa.
8. Kukwanisa kuchengeta chakavanzika.

Mukuwedzera, ivo, zvechokwadi, vanofanira kuda basa ravo.

Inyanzvi yenyukireya yeRussian Federation

Zuva renyanzvi rekuchengeteka kwenyika yenyu ndeyekupemberera kune avo vane basa guru rekuchengetedzwa kwenyika yose. Vanopa zuva rimwe nerimwe pakuvandudzika kwezvombo zvenyukireya zveRussia. Muna 1947, chivako chekutanga chakagadzirwa-dhipatimendi rinokosha reGeneral Staff yeUnited States Army, iyo yakava mufananidzo we 12 Mukuru Mukuru weUnited Defense. Uku kuputika kwakaitika kuChernobyl panzvimbo yezvigadzirisheni zvemagetsi kwakaita kuti kugadziriswa kwechikonzero chekuchengeteka kwenyika kuve kwakagadziriswa. Mushure mekutambudzika uku, sangano idzva rakasikwa - Nuclear Weapons Safety Inspectorate. Paiva nechido chekuvapo kwehutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa.

Parizvino, zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakakosha zvakagadziridzwa, izvo zvinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwehutano hunovimbisa kukwanisa kwe Rosatom. Kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kunopiwa nekuvapo kwezvombo zvenyukireya muRussia. Masayendisiti ane mukana wekugadzira nzira yekuparadza uye kuziva kudziviririra pariri. Masangano ekutsvakurudza akatanga kutanga zvombo zveser.

Mhemberero dzezuva refizikiki yenyukireya

Svondo 4 ndiro Zuva reNuclear Security Specialist, iro rine zvombo uye rinodzora zviyero zvese zvenyukireya. Mimwe mitambo yemafaro inoitwa munyika, yakatarwa pachiitiko ichi. Mhemberero iyi inofungidzirwa neyanyanzvi vose mukugadzira nyuchikireya. Kurumbidzwa kwakakosha kunopiwa ma diplomas, veterans vanokudzwa, vanoyeuka vakafa.

Musi wechiitiko wacho wakatsaurirwa kugadziriswa kweDhipatimendi Rakasiyana paGeneral Staff yeVarwi veMasoja eSoviet Union (1947), iyo yakanga iri mubasa rekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvose zvesekireya. Masoja emaserekesi masayendisiti akapira upenyu hwavo kune sayenzi uye hurumende. Ndiro musana wenyika, ndeyevanhu vakadaro kuti vanhu vokuRussia vane mhosva yekuvapo kwehurumende yakakwana pane zvese zvichange ichizivikanwa zvombo munyika.

Svondo 4 Zuva reNyanzvi paNyukete yekuchengetedza yeRussia ndiyo inyanzvi yekupemberera nyanzvi yefikireya. Kurumbidza vamiririri vebasa iri, haudi nhetembo kana mitauro yakareba. Unotadza kutaura chete uye nemoyo wako wose kuti basa ravo rinokosha uye hazvizovi pachena zvisingaoneki muhondo uye munguva yorugare.