T-64BM "Bulat-" (tangi) - mazuvaano wokupedzisira T-64

History of Soviet tangi indasitiri anoziva nyaya dzakawanda apo muchina kusunungurwa mashomanene emakore apfuura, vachiri kuramba kwazvo kuhupenyu yazvino yekurwira. Kwete pasina mazuvaano, Chokwadi. Mumwe muenzaniso - "Bulat". tangi Iri Kharkov chirimwa iripo uye rinomiririra mazuvaano kubva yekare motokari T-64A.

mugadzi

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti tangi ichi pane imwe nguva mumwe vaizotibata zvikuru zviitiko zviri indasitiri weSoviet. Nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa Mikoko kudzokera 60s, muguta Kharkov Design Bureau. Kubva pakati zvose zvakafanana akatumwa pamusoro conveyor bhandi, apo motokari itsva vanotanga dzokuchengeta kubereka pamwe Matangi T-64, T-62 uye T-55 60-ies. Official nemafungiro yakaitika chete muna 1969, uye kutanga apera vepamusoro warrior nokupesana, iri kumadokero kumucheto nyika.

History of T-64A

Hazvina kunaka kuti pakutanga pfungwa chimiro michina yakadaro vaibva vagadziri kusvikira shure muna 1946. Pfungwa iyi chakaita kuti vatange basa iri kusikwa vangasimudzira itsva Diesel injini (izvo zviri USSR aigara dambudziko). Nokukurumidza nomukurumbira yakamanikana yeChina KB №75 kusika kwake. Pakarepo takatanga basa riri tangi pacharo, iro kwenguva refu nguva akabereka bumbiro remitemo zita "Vanoramba 430".

Nhoroondo Post-Soviet

"Shestdesyatchetverka" vakatanga anobudiswa panguva chirimwa Malyshev 1963 (Kharkov tangi fekitari). Nyaya anyanya chikamu zana, munguva gungano mutsetse aifanira kudhonzera vanenge 5500 Michini izvi, zvange mberi nguva yaro.

Pakarepo pashure pokuwa USSR Kharkov Tank Factory aikurumidza kubvuta rusununguko rweUkraine (zvose midziyo, kare akaripa). Hazvishamisi "vatorwa" T-64 nokukurumidza vakarega kutifadza Bazi Defence, asi nekuti vamwe munharaunda Matangi Russian nokukurumidza "retrained" mukurovedza pamusoro muchina iro vadzidzi vaiita kupfuura risingadaviriki muviri ari kungoita yokuparadza pfuma yavo.

Tichishandisa ichangopfuura (muna 2011) akanga akapa mirayiridzo yakarongwa kutumira Matangi ose asara muchanyauswa. Kana isu kutaura Current Affairs, ichi chiduku akadzama achishumira yakanaka paumambo magetsi Ukrainian hurumende haagoni mhosva rokuRussia kugoverwa Matangi aya Donbass. Pamutemo havana.

Sezvo basa racho Database yave mumaoko nyanzvi dzokununura kubva kuUkraine, vakasarudza kuti vaparadze boka kusvikira pakuguma. Kwakasarudzwa kutanga upgrading ekare midziyo pakagadzwa ane zvombo yerudzi rutsva, zvokuongorora midziyo nezvimwe zvinhu. Pasi muchiso zita T-64E muchina pari kushingaira (kunyange mu batch diki) iri kusvitsa rehurumende akadai South Sudan uye Somalia, uyo havambokwanisi mari kwenguva dzose, ano warrior motokari.

Saka saizvozvo "Bulat" kupi? The tangi iri pakuzadzisa ichi mutsetse yekare.

Mazuvaano T 64E

Pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti zvipfuwo mauto Ukraine achidisa kwomuzvarirwo matangi. Zvinhu aiva stalemate: kufanana Kharkov ikorona rine zvose tangi kweShanduro USSR, ndizvozvo chete motokari zvose kwaye vakatengeswa kwenguva refu, asi kubva "zvomumagaba" T-80 T-72 taimbova chete nyaya. Muchidimbu, taida dzehondo itsva, "yechiUkraine".

Chokwadi, tariro huru dzakanga wakarovererwa pamusoro Semi-ngano (nokuti pachavo Ukrainians) "Bata", izvi chete apu Matangi aya vachiri hapana anopfuura gumi, uye mutengo wavo zvokuti count pamusoro vakaramba saturation kuti "rusununguko" mauto unyanzvi ichi maturo. Asi michina izvi kufadza zvemari mafuta ari Brazil, izvo kwavari kuita chaizvo chokwadi.

Kugadzirisa kwakawanikwa nekaupenyu nokukurumidza. In dzokuchengetera akaramba murwi asingabatsiri T-64. It chete akasara kuti "sikuruu" kwavari 5TDFE itsva injini, ane simba ari kwaye chaizvo 900 litres. a. Oddly zvakakwana, asi ose basa Ukrainians wakaitwa pakavanda, mutsva tangi hapana akagona kuona. Chete mashomanana apfuura, zvakatanga nokushingaira zivisai ari nhau, akakwanisa 'chiedza kumusoro "kunyange panguva zvakakurumbira maoko inoratidzirwa muna Brazil.

Pfungwa, mota wokutanga anoratidzwa kuruzhinji muna 1999, chete (hwokushingaira. runyerekupe) yaiva kwokunyepedzera-ari zvakasuwa padanho takagadzirira, uye motokari haana kumirira hondo Ukrainian. Tank masimba ehurumende ichi panguva aumba chete kubva zvasara mumatanda T-72 uye T-80U.

Chii zvachinja muna tangi?

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti migumisiro zvechokwadi kuoneka kunyange vasina kupfeka ziso. Tank haachatyi sokunge munhu kakasaririra kubva Second World War, akava akafanana ano hondo muchina. Pamusoro Hull pamusoro tangi zvakaenzana vakaparadzira simba nedziviriro, ari frontal chikamu anoratidzika simba uye yakavimbika. Ngatimboonai huru itsva zvinhu:

• Panhivi motokari akavhara kuchengeteka chikwata "Nereza 2". Nokuti zvakanaka mishumo pemvura vari akaita somunhu sikweya kana rectangular.
• Two Mhando "emuchina" - "Nereza 2" uye "Contact-1" - rationally akagoverwa mhiri pemvura dzokurwa, vakaungana kuti nyore uye zvakachipa "zvakachinjikwa" kurongerana. The chikuru kushandisa nzira iyi naro zvikuru lightweight dzokurwa kudzivirirwa muchina.
• The STRUCTURAL chezvinonhuwira neshongwe uyewo vangasimudzira achinja, riri kunyanya kuoneka divi maonero. Ukrainian bato haaratidzi pamusoro nguva ino, asi nyanzvi dzinoti shongwe anoiswa wokuwedzera mupanda kuti zvombo.

Saka chii chimwe chinoitwa dzinoratidzwa tangi pahwaro iyo akasikwa "Bulat"? The tangi, sezvo isu kare, ari akashongedzerwa ane zvikuru yakagozha zviridzwa pakuongorora. Kokutanga mukirasi iyi Matangi akazviratidza Panoramic anewe chafariz imager, izvo anowedzera zvikuru mikana kupona ari tangi muhondo.

Saka sezvo nzvimbo kuisa yayo kusarudza zvakanaka chaizvo, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti ndiwedzere zvakaitwa nemaune. Kazhinji, zvose Ukrainian dzehondo akasiyana pfungwa yakanaka, chete Implementation muzvirongwa kazhinji uchitambudzika. Kazhinji ichi ndicho nokuda kbps of vakashandisa zvombo simbi, uye kushaya ruzivo vanachiremba chechikoro yekare Soviet.

The chikuru chombo pamusoro tangi

The chikuru chombo munhu tangi pfuti caliber 125 mm. Mukuwedzera, mumuchina hwavapo pakarepo kurwisa modules mbiri ine ndege otomatiki kanoni gs-23 (30 mm) pfuti NSVT caliber 12.7 neMM, uye AH-17 zvaitika girinedhi launcher.

modules Ava chaizvo vanobudirira mumadhorobha runyararo, apo kwakajairika dzehondo Soviet vari dzinozivikanwa inorema nezvinhu kubva Anti-tangi zvombo. Mukuwedzera, vari chaizvo abudirire Kukunda chiedza warrior motokari romuvengi, kwete kupedza pasina achibvumira mubereki nhare.

Kazhinji, basa rinoitwa rakanga zvechokwadi chaizvo. Asi ichi ndicho - kwete "Bulat". The tangi, iro rine zita, riri pakuzadzisa uye kubudiswa chete akatsanangura nadzurudzo yekare muchina. Saka isu pakupedzisira kuwana pasi rondedzero rakananga "gamba" ino.

Saka chii chinonzi "Bulat"?

Saka, idzva Ukrainian tangi iri "zvikuru rethinking" michina T-64A uye T-64B (uye vamwe okunatsiridza). Chinangwa mazuvaano aiunza motokari itsva kusvikira pachiyero T-80UD, T-84U. Sezvataona pamusoro apa, "kutanga chitarisiko" kwakaitika muna 1999.

mazuvaano All chaiva kudzamisa basa muzvinhu zvitatu:

• A kuwedzera mufambo (powerplant itsva).
• Kusimbisa dziviriro, kusanganisira kubva zvakawanda kana zvishoma ano Anti-tangi enyika.
• Kuwedzera firepower uye revarwi simba kuburikidza kugadzwa itsva zvombo hurongwa.

simba chirimwa

Hazvina musoro kuti kuitira kuvandudza mufambo injini mupanda unoiswa hutsva Diesel injini. Sezvakaita pamwe nowakautangira, ichi basa 5TDFM injini akasarudzwa, ane simba riri 850 horsepower. Pfungwa pakuzadzisa ichi rakanyatsojeka akwegura Diesel 5TDF pamusoro izvo mainjiniya dzakashanda.

Kuti yekare injini mupanda anokodzera kuva 5TDFM itsva akasatenda chete zvachose kutsiva akwegura uye va neudhadha mhepo yakachena, asi rework kuti chiutsi hurongwa, izvo hazvirevi ukasangana zvinodiwa ano. To Ukrainian tangi "Bulat" (Zvakare, akasikwa pachishandiswa yekare T-64) haana Anotadzira mugwagwa uye monstrously, kufanana nowakautangira, muna Kharkov, yakatanga chaiwo Mapedhi pamakwara rakagadzirirwa kutyaira pachena mumigwagwa.

Zvisinei, pashure imwe Asphalt penzira motokari kwebasa mbiru, ayo vakapakata vakadaro mano, haazotsauki kuva tangi vachiridzira siyana. Kunakisa zano chakadaro chokuti mamwe okunatsiridza havadikanwi kuti vabereke kwazvo semhashu. The rabha Mapedhi uye fasteners chirimwa (inonzi) zvakakumikidzwa choga, pane chikumbiro.

Kazhinji, Ukrainian dzehondo, "Bulat" uye "Rakamira" kumarudzi ayo uchishandisa kuita anoteverwa mugadziri, izvo chinoita imwe kuremekedza.

Kudzivirirwa kubva Anti-tangi zvombo

Nokuomesa zvinoitwa kugadzwa zvivako zvitsva guru pakudzivirira shongwe, uye aft divi tangi. The mugadziri inoshuma kuti aikwanisa kuvandudza kutsiga murayiro nemwoyo kuti mugumisiro tinofanira kugara munitions (AFB), uyewo Sub-caliber dzokurwa kuboora anoshongwa (BPS). Panyaya iyi, chiri kusimbiswa kuti uremu tangi kwakawedzera chete zvishoma.

Protection Mbuva ine mbiri vakaparadzana modules: pusa dzokurwa bhiri uye nechomukati simba nedziviriro hurongwa. External simba kudzivirira vakapa frontal module uye sefa kuti hwavapo kumativi mukomberedzo yacho Hull. Padenga shongwe, uye mune dzimwe kure nzvimbo vaungane zvikamu modular kuti inogona kukurumidza akachinja chiitiko kukundikana kwavo. Zvinhu yomunyika guru kudzivirira mitoo hunowedzera kurwisa kune Anti-kunoreva zvakatowanda.

Total kurema kwakakwana yakatarwa kudzivirira guru (kusanganisira kunyorerana zvinhu) ndiyo matani anenge 3.5. Chete chete tangi rikarira, uye pamusoro wayo, uchagona kuita kugadzwa maawa anenge 5.5-6. Akavaka-nedziviriro guru kuti kare yakaiswa pamusoro tangi mugadziri, hakudi mamwe kutarisirwa munguva oparesheni. Saka, mamiriro ezvinhu vadzivirirwe Kharkov vagadziri zvakanaka nokuti hakudi akaoma zvokushandisa uye nokuda chokugadza nokushanda zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa unyanzvi.

Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Sei, somunhu ushe, tangi vashandi vakaurayiwa kana ake kukundwa antitank zvombo kuti (zvimwe) Anoshandisa inifanduri romuvengi? From moto uye nokupisa. Kudzivirira vanhu uye mikana yavo yokupona, Ukrainian tangi vavaki zvakapa mukana otomatiki moto anodzima hurongwa, nguva mhinduro iri (pashure ouinjiniya okunatsiridza) rave wakaderedzwa kusvika 150 msec.

mazuvaano zvabuda

Saka chii T-64 "Bulat"? Sezvakataurwa pachavo, Ukrainian vaburitsi (kwete kutambura nekumwisa nemwero), iye "ndiye anenge kufanana kune Russian tangi T-90" uye "akafanana mukuita pamwe azvino" nhare "."

Hongu, muchina ane tarisiro yakanaka humwe upgrading, kunyanya kuwedzera propulsion injini kuburikidza vanomhanyisa 6TD 6TD-1 kana-2. Kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru zvinotyisa, kuisa SLAs vangasimudzira zvakasiyana, kufamba uye kutaurirana michina. Mukuwedzera, muchina pashure upgrading kuti zvekuvaka pedyo 11 zviuru makiromita (nokuti tangi itsva).

Kana isu yekumbotsveta pathos, zvose hazvisi nani seizvi. Hongu, zvachiri modernized T-64 anogona here kufananidzwa T-72 mangwanani dzakatevedzana. Ndizvo sei "kupfuudza" vangasimudzira akasiyana T-90 uye zvitsva shanduro T-72, haisi pachena zvachose.

Pfungwa, zvinoita kunge hwakanaka. Saka, muna zvaAtemisi mugwagwa engoro uye dzimwe chassis mativi T-72 rinoshandiswa pamusoro tani ferrous alloys, asi nokuti T-64 havana zvinopfuura 200 makirogiramu. Saizvozvowo, chokwadi ichi zvinoshamisa kunoderedza mari kurwa muchina, asi hwakavimbika "hodovka" kutambura.

The chete chinhu T-64 chaizvoizvo nani, ndizvo maintainability chassis. Zvino, kune wokupedzisira mibvunzo yakawanda kubva nyanzvi (zvakare kufunga asiri ferrous simbi alloys). Chokwadi chokuti German Democratic Republic (iyo akaenda dzakawanda Matangi aya) motokari kunge dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti kusakara pamakwara uye korona. At T-64 kakawanda nendege makonye, kazhinji zviri pamwe vanotambura zvakakomba uye kukuvara vanhu vakanga vari munharaunda tangi.

Uye zvikuru "kujairika" tarisa Ukrainians okuti dzavo "yakanakisisa tangi ano" anenge asingadi kusapfuudza British "Challenger" uye German "Leopard 2" - rakatarira kunyanya musoro ari chiedza chokwadi chokuti motokari yeBritain akanga chinangwa kuzivikanwa sezvo yakanakisisa tangi panguva NATO mabasa Iraq. Zvingava chiya kutaura, "Bulat" aigona kuita hondo chete muna Donbas, apo nemambure atova izere mapikicha wakaputsanyiwa mota uye akapisa Ukrainian. Chii iye kunyatsonaka?

Kunenge cheapness kwayo; mari upgrading yekare T-64 (maererano maviri-matatu apfuura) ndiyo madhora zvuru 400, apo kuti pagadzirwe "Batisisa" anofanira kunge zvinenge mamiriyoni 1,5.

Kuongororwa zvaaikanganisa

Pomumbure nhasi inhamba "Songs", izvo vakazvipira kuna "mutsva" tangi kuti vangada kuronga kwekanguva zvinhu sezvazviri, ngatimbotaura pamusoro kutadza kwayo.

Chokutanga, uremu uye injini simba. "Bulat" anoyera matani 45 apo injini simba 850 l / s. "Ndezvekare uye basa Russian tangi T-72" ane uremu matani 44,5 uye injini, ane vanokwanisa iri 1000 l / s. Chii chiri chinhu "mufambo mukuru" (mabhurocha Kharkov chirimwa) pano tinogona kutaura? Panguva T-72, kana zvichifanira, unogona akusungirire vaviri ematani dzokurwa, ukuwo T-64 kuti chinangwa ichi vachafanira kuchinja injini.

Uye pano Ndiyo "Crux yacho." Kunyange "kwakandionza" 70s kuedza vakanga pakuzadzisa T-64 ne kugadzwa gwenya pa 1000 l / s. Dambudziko raiva kuti chassis yekare muchina vasingagoni kumira miedzo yakadaro, kutanga chaizvoizvo chiwondomoke pamusoro vanoenda. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kubudikidza 1987 utungamiriri eSoviet akanga pakupedzisira akasiya pakuzadzisa mubato 64.

Gun. Tank "Bulat", hunhu zvatakaona, muenzaniso uyu akashongedzerwa pamwe KBA3 (romuzvarirwo 2A46M-1). The mugadziri anozviti kuti zviri "pfuti nani zvikuru T-72 uye T-90." Handizive chii chingava nani? In Matangi Russian iiswe pfuti 2A24M-4 / M-5, izvo zvinopa 17% shoma akapararira apo vachiridzira chichifamba uye zvinopa kuvandudzika kubva 15-20% muna zvakarurama (sezvo nguva iri tichienzanisa akare 2A46M-1). Ndezvokuti, kwete zvimwe.

Kana chaiye kupfura siyana, zvino ichi ndicho zvose kunakidza. Kutonga nezvinooneka mukuru, achiri maererano neSoviet, ari "Ukrainian" pfuti chaiko inopa siyana kurova kubaya iri 1.5? Km (izvo nguva idzodzo aiva ndozvakajairwa). The "tagiltsev" sezvo mutengo uyu akaenzana 2.3-2.5? Km. Uye apo ari "kuvandudza"? Zvakare hazvisi pachena.

Kana ari pusa uye reactive dzokurwa, pano nyaya zvachose kujeka. A chete (!) High wegiredhi hurumende nemiedzo "Bulat" zvose izvi "muviri Kit" haana kupfuura. date All - bedzi kubva pamutemo zvinyorwa Kharkov. Zvirokwazvo zvose zvakafanana kukakavadzana vanotungamirirwa uye vatengi dzakawanda: vanongofarira muna T-72, T-80, T-90 uye zvakafanana "Batisisa", asi nokuda kwechikonzero ivo zvachose uninteresting "Bulat".

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, tinogona kuwana mhedziso nyore. Kharkiv nadzurudzo zvachose anovandudza zvechadenga akare T-64, asi superweapon wake haisiri wekushanduka. Mazuvaano kuti zvakakwana anonyatsoita, akasangana zvinodiwa ano Ukrainian hondo, iyo isina vakapamba maererano chakaipa mari. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvishamiso regai kuitika: Motokari yacho '60s, kunyange mutsva injini uye kudzivirirwa guru, yazvino tangi haina kuti tsurumete.