The chidzoke mutemo uye mamiriro ayo

The chidzoke mutemo - chimwe chezvinhu kunzwisisa nyaya pamutemo dzidziso. Akanga nyaya gakava, sezvo vashoma zana apfuura uye nhasi. Chero zvazvingava, mumwe nomumwe maonero ane kodzero iripo. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira zvikonzero panowanikwa kurudyi, unogona kudzidza nokuverenga nyaya.

chinyakare vanhu

Chimwe chezvinhu nevanhu nemaonero ndechokuti kwaita kurudyi akanga achiri yekare Nguva chinyakare zvaiita hurongwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumazuva iwayo chimwe chinyakare dzemunharaunda.

Professor Malinowski uye Sabo anotenda kuti basa vanodzika mitemo yaiva vakuru kana vatungamiri munguva. Papera chikonzero nokuti chidzoke kodzero vakapiwa kuChechi, iyo inodzora mutemo.

zvigadziko esayenzi chinyakare vanhu

The chidzoke kodzero iri inokosha nechokuita ngano, netsika, tsika - pano kurondwa kuchinja kumeso kubva mononorm, izvo dzaitaurwa nyore mupfungwa, ivo dzemunharaunda hwenyika, tsika uye mutemo.

Nechekare munguva iri chinyakare zvaiita maitiro akanga kutanga neolithic chimurenga kumuganhu rakanga rine. Nemhaka iyi pfungwa vakatanga kutora kuumba musimboti historicism. The uchapupu ndiyo hwaro ruzivo kwevanhu venyika sayenzi zhinji, dzakadai uzivi, utariri, evanhu, uye zvichingodaro. Pfungwa iri kushandiswa, kusanganisira, nokuti kudzidza mutemo, kuvheneka zvinoumba ayo mavambo, ari kuziva itsva dzidziso uye zvichingodaro.

Chikonzero kodzero akavanda paumbwe shamwari siyana, zvinoti, madzinza, nharaunda. Maererano neizvi pane kwepamutemo mubvunzo: iri kodzero iripo? Ko pamberi kambani yakafurira kukura kwayo, kana tikaenzanisa kuitika izvi kukura ehurumende? Mhinduro iri dzakawanda dzidziso kuti atore nzvimbo kunyange ikozvino.

yezvouMwari dzidziso

The kwaita kodzero kutsanangura edzidziso dzidziso. Vateveri varo vari Foma Akvinsky uye Avreliy Avgustin. ndiyo pfungwa iri kupfuura kare, uye ndiyo hwaro kukura uye zvimwe zvidzidzo chakangomuka mitemo.

Hwaro zvouMwari pfungwa akaisa kuti mutemo waMwari, rave kunotangira noMusiki. Vateveri dzidziso iyi vanodavira kuti murayiro wakapiwa vanhu naMwari somumwe mananara kwenyika. Somunhu nharo hachishandi vanoshandisa Bhaibheri chinzvimbo, unova murairo kuvanhu vose. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mavambo kodzero yakafanira kune mirayiro kuti Mwari akapa Mosesi.

Followers vanoti hwaro mutemo ndiro shoko raMwari uye ungwaru naMwari kuti anodzora nyika. Munzvimbo wechipiri chaiwo mutemo iri yebhaibheri pfungwa, kureva, ezvinhu evanhu ukama, izvo zvave somugumisiro kwokukurukurirana pakati vanhu.

Chokwadi, dzidziso iyi haina nesayenzi kuongororwa sezvo yakavakirwa kungobva chokwadi zvechitendero uye nokutenda. Chakavimbika uchapupu pamusoro apa vanyori dzidziso haana kugona kutungamirira. Sezvo tsika inoratidza vateveri maonero iyi jurists vaMuslim uye nyanzvi Western mumayunivhesiti Catholic.

Nhoroondo chikoro

Tsanangudzo kodzero kwakamutsa siyana hombe, ramakagadzwa kanoda inogarwa nhau pfungwa kwakabva mutemo. Followers inofungidzirwa Savigny uye Hugo. chikoro Historical rudzi zvinyorwa zvokupikisa rwokuzvarwa mutemo dzidziso. Pfungwa dzakatangira kwezana remakore rechi19.

Musimboti kuti kodzero isina chinhu chinorehwa, uye kwete vakasikwa kuti muparamende, uye akaumba hwaro munhoroondo pakukura. The chidzoke uye kukura mutemo, uchifungidzira kare, kunobva 2 Mapato vanhu: vanodzika mitemo uye jurists. Objective 1 boka iri yakarurama kubudiswa kwemitemo, uyewo yakakodzera chete nacho kuti muparamende. Kana magweta, chinangwa chavo ndechokuti akakunda uye kuratidza manzwiro vanhu, kupa Pachinhu pamutemo Masvomhu. Mukuwedzera, kodzero anofanira akaonekwa inoshanda chete kana zviri nechokwadi mumagariro kukura.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti dzidziso iyi ine zvimwe zvakanakira nekuipira. Kudivi rimwe, rinotaura nhoroondo kukura, izvo tinoberekwa paumbwe zvose zvipenyu panyika. Nokuno rumwe, incompletely vaiona zvimwe paumbwe pamutemo dzemunharaunda.

Natural mutemo Dzidziso mutemo

Gugo Grotsy uye Jean-Zhak Russo vari vateveri dzinongoitika mutemo dzidziso mutemo. Vanoti kuti kuwedzera dzemunharaunda anosimbisa mamiriro, pane musimboti uye zvakasikirwa chikamu mitemo kuti hunhu akasika. Natural dzidziso inoti kuti tinoberekwa munhu wese kubva pakuberekwa. Kunyange iye zvino, jurists ano kugovana kodzero mapoka maviri: akanaka uye dzinongoitika mutemo. kupatsanura Izvi formalized kuburikidza Grotius uye Rousseau.

The Vanyori cherechedza kuti zvakasikwa kodzero vane pakutanga pamusoro zvakanaka, kubvira ipapo kubva pakuzvarwa, pasinei mitemo yakatangwa hurumende. Mukuwedzera, nhandare kuti chidzoke kodzero dzidziso haitsananguri, sezvazvakanyorwa vaidavira kuti munhu wose kubva pakuzvarwa anova muridzi inalienable ropafadzo.

pamutemo dzidziso

VaBennett rworudyi anotsanangura imwe dzidziso - pamutemo. It kunoratidzwa kuomarara, sezvo pamutemo bazi akazviratidza munyika Asian, apo yakaoma nomutemo mitemo asimbiswa nhasi.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti chakakomba okunze uye nzvimbo ezvinhu, uyewo zvakakodzera sangano nemasoja chamuita kuti utongi mamiriro hurongwa. Musimboti dzidziso iri kudiwa kumisa yakaoma kuti munyaya dzose paruzhinji uye nemagariro upenyu.

Sezvinoratidzwa dzakaitika ruzivo, pamutemo gadziriro zvinodiwa pa Pose pavaipfuura emunhu, asi pakuonekwa kodzero vemo, hurumende, tsika dzevanhu, tsotsi mutemo, uyewo mamwe masangano uye maindasitiri dzinotungamirirwa chete maererano pamutemo simba venyika.

Conciliation dzidziso mavambo

The creators yacho yokuti conciliation vanoonekwa Berman uye Anners. Vanyori kutaura pamusoro chinangwa kurudyi. Berman uye Anners maonero kuti chii mitemo repamutemo kuitika chete chiitiko ane kunetsana. Saka, mukati dzokumaruwa vomunharaunda anofanira kuva zvakanaka kwete kugadzirisa kuruzhinji noukama uye kuti agadzirise kusawirirana.

The Marxist dzidziso nemitemo mavambo

The chidzoke yevagari mutemo, mutemo mhosva, uyewo zvimwe maindasitiri akatsanangura zvakazara Marxist dzidziso. anoparadzirwa Its vachishingaira ichiitwa Soviet Union, sezvo ari munyori, sezvo imi kuti fembera, vaiva Marx, Shona, Lenin nevamwe jurists neSoviet.

Musimboti dzidziso ndechokuti mutemo kuratidza kirasi hunhu uye kuda mukirasi mutongo. Hezvinoi inodiwa chezvinonhuwira kuti munzanga uye oupfumi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chikoro ine zvakawanda zvakanaka, kureva:

1. Inoita kumbonyatsoongorora kuongorora basa zvoupfumi ukama munzanga uye vairaramiswa kwemitemo.
2. Inoti kunzwisisa zvemagariro hurongwa zvinoda zvemberi pamutemo chidhiraivho.
3. Vakawanda Zvivako vakazvitsaurira kuna kodzero Kufungisisa kuda mukirasi mutongo, uye, naizvozvo, basa nheyo ichi zvisingaiti kupikisa.

Zvisinei, pano pane vamwe zvainovhiringidzawo: nokunyanyisa pakukwirira basa upfumi muchiedza ari kudzokorora yepamutemo dzemunharaunda, ari underestimation zviri nemagariro, chitendero uye mamiriro, uye kushaya Zvidavirire pamusoro dzimwe ukama dzimwe nyika.