The matadza vakawanda nerokuti

Maererano nemashoko ari Kuronga nguva dzose nomutemo, chero mishonga yakaisvonaka remubatanidzwa unorambira chete quantitative murwiyo asina novimba nzira yayo firimu, sezvo kutanga akaudza nyika musayendisiti J. Proust muna 1801-1808 gg. mutemo uyu akaita yakabuda somugumisiro kupesana rechiFrench mishonga Proust uye Jean K. Berthollet. Wokutanga vavo vaidavira kuti ukama pakati pezvokuvamba zvichizoita yeimwe vane zvachose hunhu, wechipiri akaona variability pakati kubatana. Papera mazana emakore, kumativi 1912-1913. NS Kurnakov akasimbisa kuvapo kwakaita pamwe shanduka hunhu murwiyo, yaakakudanirai "berthollides". boka uku kunotaurwa crystalline yeimwe: phosphides, oxides, carbides, uye vamwe. Zvinoumba mukomboni ane zvachose hunhu pamusoro pfungwa musayendisiti NS Kurnakova pakuzivikanwa se "daltonides". The murayiro nguva dzose kushanda mune rusarura gaseous uye emura zvinhu.

Pakati akagadzira nziyo dzose mutemo zvinoreva nenzira inonzwisisika kuti zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana zviri zvakabatana nomumwe tisingatauri shoma zvikuru. Panyaya iyi, pane pfungwa iri kemisitiri nerokuti, iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "vakaenzana." In shoko, vakaenzana - CONDITIONAL PARTICIPLE zvinhu izvo pane imwe kanoverengeka zvishoma pane avo runoenzanirana payakavakirwa dzakabatana. Chero zvakafanana nhamba unoenderana yezvakaita reactants, dhigirii uye mhando gadziriro makemikari kuita. Imhaka yokuti nhamba yakaenzana kusiyanisa imwe chinhu ari Kuronga yeimwe - nokuti kuvazivisa mapoka ions kana mamorekuru. In zvinoitwa exchange mhando Somuenzaniso, zviri matadza guru noenderana fuma kunotemwa nokuisa maitiro stoichiometry.

Kazhinji, vakawanda okunze anokwanisa rokuumba siyana kubatana pakati pavo. Saka, zvakafanana ane chinhu, uyewo matadza zvakafanana uremu, vangava netsika dzakasiyana, achitarisa kubva Kuronga bvunzo mukomboni vaizivikanwa. Zvisinei, muna Pakadaro, neShanduro siyana pamusoro ichocho kunogona correlated nemumwe ari zviduku integers. Somuenzaniso, mashoko matadza guru carbon yakaenzana mune chivako akawana yakasviba uye kabhoni oxide dzinosiyana uye anenge 3 magiramu / Chidembo, uye 6 g / mol, uye nhamba akawana mutengo akaenzana kuti nhamba 1: 2. Kazhinji, vakawanda yeimwe unotora munhu matadza guru rehydrogen neShanduro akaenzana mumwe, uye okisijeni - magiramu sere chete nhuta. Noenderana - ndiye uwandu yamarudzi wakakomberedzwa apo mumwe nhuta kuti Valencia maerekitironi.

Pane nzira dzakawanda experimentally kuona makuru sei matadza vakawanda nerokuti chero eremendi:

• Direct nzira. Zvinonzi inobva Data yaunganidzwa kwetunhu sehydrogen okisijeni yeimwe yacho achida maatomu akafanana.
• Kunanga nzira. Asi chinoshandisa sehydrogen okisijeni nevamwe zvemamiriro chinozivikanwa nerokuti.
• misha nzira. Kunosanganisira kubviswa rehydrogen kubvira acidic mhinduro nokushandisa mamwe simbi mharidzo.
• The Analytical nzira. Inobva kukarukureta chevanhu vakawanda chikamu pfuma muna imwe yayo yeimwe.
• Electrochemical nzira uchishandisa electrolysis Data.

Matadza vakawanda yakaenzana inoshandiswa kuita quantitative Masvomhu panguva kwemakemikari aiita pakati anozivikanwa zvinhu. A chinokosha nani pano ndechokuti kugadzirisa dambudziko hakuna chikonzero kushandisa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kwemakemikari kuita, riri nyore kunyora. Zvinokosha chete kuziva kuti makemikari zvinobatanidzwa nekutaurirana, kana kuti pfuma - inogadzirwa makemikari kuita.