Starch Hydrolysis

Starch (S6N10O5) N - polysaccharide iyo rinoumbwa zvikamu zviviri: 25% Linear amylose uye 75% amylopectin mapazi. Zvinonzi inoumbwa chiedza zvinomera panguva photosynthesis.

Ichi acho ndiwo chena upfu iri insoluble mumvura inotonhora vaumbe slurry. Mushure yokupedza slurry mujinga pasi tangi rakachengetedzwa chena precipitate, uye mvura inogona vakapedzwa nyore. Kana dzaomeswa, kuti starch anonaya ehupfumi ayo ose.

In inopisa mvura anoumba munhu colloidal mhinduro yacho pfuma - iri viscous mvura yakadaro, iyo anonziwo starch namatidza uye rinowanzoshandiswa mumba sezvo namira. Asi panguva pfuma iyi yakavakirwa ake kubika mondo uye zvimwe zvokuseredzera.

Starch - a mishonga inert fuma. Kuti kuti sei, iwe unofanira kutora chikamu izvi catalysts.

On mumuviri makemikari ayo zvivako zviri pfuma inobva kushanda. Saka, starch nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka zviri yaiwanzoshandiswa zvokudya, Whitehead Textile nebepa Mazinga. Uye zvipenyu, iye inoita basa rinokosha.

Kushandisa makemikari nyaya maindasitiri zvinangwa zviri mishonga vozdeystiviyu. Hydrolysis pamusoro starch - ichi Ion Exchange kwacho pakati pemvura uye fuma, izvo zvingava enzymatic kana acidic.

Chemical hydrolysis kuti starch - CATALYTIC maitiro, sezvo rinowanikwa pamwe kudziyisa pamberi inorganic acids. Panguva iyi makemikari maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kungaratidzwa ari shuga akaumba iyo:
(S6N10O5) N + nH2O + (katsi. H2SO4 + T °) = nC6H12O6.

Asi achangobva kuwedzera kukurumbira enzymatic hydrolysis kuti starch. Achishandisa chaiyo ano, zviri kuwanikwa kubva ethyl doro, molasses uye shuga, uyewo makemikari hydrolysis.

Kunakisa izvi ndechokuti munhu starchy chirimwa sokugamuchira mbishi zvinhu nokuti Somuenzaniso, rye, mbatatisi, chibage, mupunga uye nevamwe. Izvi Zvinyorwa izvi, uyezve, ane kwavo sezvamunoita amylolytic makemikari, izvo akashandiswa hydrolysis kwacho.

Somuenzaniso, makemikari kwakadaro isoamylase uye pullulanase, glyukolinazy. Makemikari - dzinongoitika catalysts kuti mhanyisa nemakemikari. Schematically pfungwa starch kudzikisirana kubudikidza makemikari sezvinotevera: starch → soluble starch (amylose) → oligosaccharides (dextrins) → disaccharide (maltose = mumera) → α-shuga. Rinogonawo varehwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:
(C6H10O5) N + nH2O + (kat.- enzayemu) = nC6H12O6

Nemaziso unogona kuona kuti pakanga makemikari hydrolysis, kuitwa kuedza. Kuvidza musanganiswa starch namatidza pamwe sulfuric acid. We aone kana paiva hydrolysis - inodonha ayodhini. Kana kuita kunaka, saka hapana yebhuruu kana Violet ruvara, zvinoreva kuti hydrolysis kwakaitika.

Zvino zvinoratidza kuti hydrolysis chigadzirwa - shuga. Wedzerai alkali kuti zvichiguma mhinduro uye mhangura sulfate (II) (CuSO4). The precipitate mhangura hydroxide hakurevi inodonha, mushonga akanga atendeuka yebhuruu rakajeka ruvara. Nenharo uye ona kuti paumbwe sludge maa Cotta (zvidhina) ruvara - zvinoreva kuti mhinduro ine shuga, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore hydrolysis.

Muviri womunhu uyewo kunoitika enzymatic hydrolysis kuti starch. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, sezvo iri mhosva vakaumba makabhohaidhiretsi, kunyanya shuga. Zvinonzi oxidized muchitokisi dzose dzomuviri, dzikaumba mvura uye carbon dioxide, saka ichibudisa simba rinodiwa kuti dzose kushanda muviri.

Hydrolysis kuti starch pamwe makemikari kunotanga mumuromo apo kutsenga. Human mate ine enzayemu - amylase, izvo pasi Zvakaitwa starch iri rwakakamukana nyore zvinoriumba - dextrins. The mutoo munhu anogona kunyange kuzvinzwa. Pashure pezvose, kana refu kutsenga chingwa, zvino mumuromo sokuti inotapira kuravira, zvichireva kuti mavambo starch hydrolysis rikurumidze. Zvakawandisa shuga, iyo yakaumbwa mumakore hydrolysis, iri iiswe chiropa sezvo kuchengeterwa inotonhorera - glycogen.