The mubatanidzwa - chii ichi? Trade Unions weRussia. The Trade Unions Act

Pari, mubatanidzwa - ndiro chete sangano yakatsaurirwa kuna zvakazara kumirira uye kudzivirira kodzero uye zvinofarirwa vashandi. Uye kukwanisa kubatsira zvakasimba pacharo kuti akuteerere kuchengeteka, kugadzirisa basa kusawirirana uye kudzidzisa vashandi kuvimbika kuna zvebhizimisi, ane mukana kuvadzidzisa kurayirira kugadzirwa. Naizvozvo, sezvo varidzi masangano, uye Anongova munhuwo mushandi anofanira kuziva uye kunzwisisa hunhu uye zvechadenga mubatanidzwa.

Pfungwa wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa

The mubatanidzwa - sangano revashandi iri zvebhizimisi kuti kukwanisa kugadzirisa nyaya chokuita yavo yokushanda ezvinhu, zvavanoda mumunda yomuka nyanzvi basa.

mushandi mumwe nomumwe zvavakanga vachida kuita, iro rine sangano, anekodzero nokuzvidira kujoina. Mune Russian Federation, nemurairo, vatorwa vanhu uye vanhu pasina citizenship anogonawo kuva nhengo mubatanidzwa, kana hakupesani zvibvumirano dzakawanda.

Zvichakadai, kuumba mubatanidzwa uye anogona mumwe Russian mugari uyo kuenzana makore 14, uye mubasa basa basa.

MuRussia, mutemo yakatarwa chinonyanya wesangano rinomirira sangano. Pasi zvinonzwisiswa chokuzvidira kuwadzana zvose nhengo dzayo vanoshanda mune imwe vachida. mamiriro ayo anogona vakaumba mapoka mubatanidzwa kana munhu wesangano rinomirira masangano yemashopu okudhindira kana madhipatimendi.

Primary webasa rimwe-pamwe zvingaite neshamwari indasitiri basa, pane muganhu chinoumba kana mumwe hunhu, vane kushanda specificity.

Association wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa ane kodzero pamwe kutengeserana mibatanidzwa mamwe inoti, kupinda chibvumirano navo uye zvibvumirano kusika neshamwari dzakawanda.

Types uye mienzaniso

Trade mibatanidzwa, zvichienderana zvavo miganhu unhu akakamurwa:

1. Russian All-wesangano rinomirira sangano iro rinobatanidza inopfuura hafu vashandi mumwe kana akawanda sectors nyanzvi, kana uchishanda munharaunda kupfuura hafu RF nyaya.
2. Inter-zvenharaunda wesangano rinomirira masangano, kutengeserana unionists tichisunga mapazi mumwe kana kupfuura munharaunda anoverengeka vanotongwa Russian Federation, asi isingasviki pahafu nhamba yavo yose.
3. Miganhu Organization of Trade Unions, kubatanidza nhengo wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa mumwe kana kupfuura RF vaanotonga, maguta kana zvimwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, zviri Arkhangelsk remunharaunda kutengeswa Kubatanidzwa avhiyesheni vashandi kana Novosibirsk Regional Public Organization Trade Union of Workers mumunda voruzhinji uye nesayenzi.

Masangano All dzinogona kubatanidzwa ukuwo, mune shamwari interregional kana shamwari miganhu mumasangano wezvokutengeserana mubatanidzwa. Uyewo chimiro mapuranga kana makomiti. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Volgograd Regional Council of Trade Unions - the miganhu kubatana pakati Regional Masangano wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa munyika.

Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiro sangano guru. Moscow mibatanidzwa vakabatana kuti Moscow Federation of Trade Unions muna 1990.

Zvichienderana nyanzvi munda, unogona kuona dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa akasiyana ounyanzvi hwokugadzira uye mhando mabasa vashandi '. Somuenzaniso, mubatanidzwa vadzidzisi, mubatanidzwa vashandi vezvokurapa, vachitamba pamwe vatambi kana vaimbi, uye zvichingodaro. D.

mubatanidzwa Charter

Trade mubatanidzwa masangano avo neshamwari vakasikwa uye anosimbisa bumbiro, ayo mamiriro uye chidhiraivho. Vanodawo kuzvidzora kuronga basa ravo, bata Misangano, misangano uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakafanana.

Mirau nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa akaitwa, izvo zvinosanganisirwa sechivako Russian kana interregional shamwari, haafaniri kupikisana mitemo sangano. Somuenzaniso, mashoko remunharaunda komiti wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa chero nharaunda havafaniri dzinobvumira bumbiro, iro rine urongwa dzinopesana zvatinopiwa of Interregional Trade Union, sechivako iro rokutanga akataura sangano.

Panyaya iyi, mutemo kunofanira kusanganisira:

• zita, chinangwa uye kushanda basa mubatanidzwa;
• Mapoka uye mapoka vakabatanidzwa vashandi;
• zvinofanira nekugadzirisa ari bumbiro, mipiro;
• kodzero uye mabasa nhengo dzayo, mamiriro ezvinhu vakatanga vari nhengo dzesangano;
• mubatanidzwa mamiriro;
• manyuko kwemari uye murayiro pfuma utariri;
• zvinhu uye zvechadenga nokubatanidzwazve uye liquidation vashandi pamwe;
• zvose zvimwe zvine chokuita nebasa mubatanidzwa.

Vanyorwa wesangano rinomirira sangano rezvitendero repamutemo

The wesangano rinomirira kana sangano, maererano nomutemo Russian, hurumende inogona vakanyorwa somunhu sangano repamutemo. Asi ichi hachisi chinhu chinodiwa.

State kunyoresa kunoitika kuMudzidzisi Executive zviremera panzvimbo wezvokutengeserana-mubatanidzwa nzvimbo. Nokuti nzira iyi, mumiriri nokushamwaridzana anofanira kupa epakutanga kana notarized makopi bumbiro, magungano kusarudza pakagadzwa basa chokubatana, chisarudzo pamusoro Nokubvumira bumbiro uye mazita vechikamu. Pashure iyo chisarudzo musi zvikunde pamutemo. chiso, uye mashoko ari sangano anofanira kuitwa mune rimwe State Register.

The wesangano rinomirira vashandi dzidzo, vashandi maindasitiri, nyanzvi kana vaimbi vakaita mubatanidzwa zvimwe vanhu vanogona kurongwazve kana liquidated. Uyezve, kugadzirisa kwayo yaifanira zvinoenderana vanotenderwa nyaya nevamwe uye kubviswa - yeUnited mutemo.

The mubatanidzwa anogona liquidated kana mabasa ayo contravene bumbiro remutemo wenyika Russian Federation kana mitemo yeUnited. Uyewo nguva izvi, kukwanisa kumanikidza kuturika basa kwemwedzi anosvika 12.

Legal mutemo wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa

Activities wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa nhasi hunodzorwa mitemo yacho Federal Mutemo № 10 yomusi January 12, 1996 "On Trade Unions, avo Rights uye chinoratidza". Recent kuchinja zvakagadziridzwa December 22, 2014.

Uyu gwaro mutemo enshrined pfungwa mubatanidzwa uye dzinokosha mashoko chokuita nayo. Uyewo kodzero uye chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa yeidzi uye nhengo dzayo.

Maererano Art. 4 Federal Mutemo pachirehwa emakambani zvose iri mundima Russian Federation, uyewo zvose yemakambani Russian, zviri mhiri kwemakungwa.

Nokuti zvemitemo mirayiro wezvokutengeserana chokubatana kufamba muchiuto indasitiri, mapurisa miviri, pakutonga uye prokurorstve, Federal Security Service, tsika zviremera, nokuti kudzorwa kutengesa zvinodhaka nhengo, uyewo basa moto basa, Emergency Zvinozivikanwa, pane zvakaparadzana akakodzera mitemo yeUnited.

mabasa

Chinangwa chikuru mubatanidzwa, sezvo ruzhinji sangano kuchengetedza vashandi 'kodzero, ndiko, maererano, kumiririrwa uye kudzivirirwa mumagariro uye vashandi' zvido uye kodzero vemunyika.

The mubatanidzwa - sangano akagadzirirwa kudzivirira zvido uye kodzero vashandi kubasa kwavo, kuvandudza kushanda mamiriro vashandi, kubudirira kwayo mari, kushanda pamwe mushandirwi.

Interests, yakaitirwa kudzivirira masangano aya anogona kuva zvinogadzirisa pamusoro basa dziviriro, mubayiro, layoffs, reductions mu mudonzvo, kukundikana zvinoenderana Labor Code uye vamwe mitemo kufanana basa.

All pamusoro apa rinoreva "kudzivirira" songaniro ishande. Rimwe basa rinoitwa nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa - ari kushanda kumiririrwa. Ndeupi ukama pakati nemibatanidzwa hurumende.

Ichi chinhu - ndiyo inodzivirira vashandi 'kodzero havasi panguva zvebhizimisi pamwero uye panguva senyika. Saka, kutengeserana mibatanidzwa vanekodzero kubatanidzwa sarudzo zviri kuzvitonga omunharaunda nokuda vashandi. Vanogona mubasa kukura mamiriro basa unodzivirira purogiramu, basa uye zvichingodaro. Nezvimwewo

Kuti vanoedza kuti zvido vashandi mibatanidzwa vari kushanda pamwe siyana mapato, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kusika yavo.

kodzero sangano

Trade mibatanidzwa - iri yakazvimirira nevarikutonga zviremera uye miviri kuzvitonga omunharaunda uye sangano nekambani utariri. Pamwe izvi, pasina chaakasiya shamwari dzakadaro vane kuenzana kwekodzero.

Kodzero wesangano rinomirira vari enshrined muna Federal Mutemo "On Trade Unions, Rights dzavo uye chinoratidza".

Maererano noMutemo ichi, sangano anofanira kodzero:

• kudzivirira vashandi 'zvido;
• Kuwedzera zvirongwa nezviremera kuti kuitwa mitemo akakodzera;
• mugove kuitwa uye kukurukurwa mitemo gwaro wakatangwa navo;
• Vashandi pamutemo unimpeded kuwana nzvimbo uye kuwana zvose magariro uye basa mashoko kubva mushandirwi;
• seboka bargaining, seboka bargaining;
• rairatidza mushandirwi pamusoro nokuvhunika, izvo anofanira kugadzirisa mukati pavhiki;
• Misangano mikuru, misangano, parinouya, kukwidza kutaura ari kufarira vashandi;
• vakaenzana kuita basa rokutarisira paruzhinji mari, izvo inoumbwa nhengo yechikoro;
• sika inspections dzavo kuongorora kushanda ezvinhu, zvaidiwa seboka zvibvumirano uye kwezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka revashandi.

Masangano Trade mubatanidzwa kodzero nhaka pfuma akadai panyika, zvivako, kuvaka, Spa uye mitambo zvivako, kudhinda dzimba. Uye muve varidzi kuchengetedzeka, kodzero rokusika uye kurasa mari mari.

Kana mukugadzira kwaiva nengozi kuti utano kana upenyu kushanda vanhu, sachigaro wesangano rinomirira kodzero kuti zvinoda mushandirwi kuti disposal. Uye kana izvi hazvibviri, kugumiswa vashandi kuti zvibviswe kutyorwa.

Kana vachida iri kurongwazve kana liquidated, nokudaro achiipa ari kushanda ezvinhu revashandi kana vashandi uchaderedzwa, kambani vanosungirwa kuzivisa mubatanidzwa hapana paya pane mitatu pamberi chiitiko.

Nokuda evanhu inishuwarenzi Fund shamwari unyanzvi anogona kuitisa yenhandaro nhengo dzayo, kuvatuma uye plesieroorde.

Vashandi kodzero kupinda mubatanidzwa

Zvechokwadi, pakutanga kwezvose nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa zvinokosha kuti vashandi akaitwa. Achibatsirwa masangano aya, kubatana navo, mushandi anotambira kodzero:

• zvose zvakanakira inopiwa nokuti seboka chibvumirano;
• kusimudzira pamwe mukubata nharo nenyaya pamusoro mubayiro, mazororo, nyanzvi kukura;
• kugamuchira vakasununguka rubatsiro pamutemo, kana zvakafanira mudare;
• kusimudzira wesangano rinomirira sangano kuti kukura kwounyanzvi;
• pakuzvidzivirira vanenge kunaka kudzingwa, asiri kubhadharwa panguva rutapudzo, muripo kwakanga kwakonzerwa kumabasa;
• kubatsirwa kuwana vouchers kuti plesieroorde nekwevanorwa pfungwa pachavo uye vomumhuri dzavo.

mutemo Russian unorambidza rusaruro kunobva kuva kuchinjanisa mibatanidzwa. . Ndiko, zvisinei zvebhizimisi mushandi - mubatanidzwa nhengo kana kwete, kodzero yake uye rusununguko nebumbiro remitemo, havafaniri kuva shoma. The mushandirwi haana kodzero omudzinga kwaari nokuti havatsigiri mubatanidzwa kana kushandisa munhu fanira ezvinhu nhengo.

History uye kugadzira shamwari nyanzvi Russia

Muna 1905-1907, panguva chimurenga, wokutanga wesangano rinomirira muRussia. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva ino vakanga kwatova kwenguva refu uye panguva imwe chete vakavhiyiwa kwazvo muEurope uye America.

Zvisinei, asati yechimurenga Russia, paiva matare ranwa. Izvo zvishoma ndokukura kurongwazve kuva mubatanidzwa wenyika mibatanidzwa.

Musi rokuvambwa shamwari wokutanga nyanzvi seva 30.04.1906 gore. On nhasi, mairi vachinzi musangano Moscow vashandi (metalworkers uye Electricians) rokutanga. Kunyange kare asati kuti zuva (10.06.1905 g) pakutanga All-Russian Conference of Trade Unions yakaumbwa neDare Moscow Bureau of Commission (Central Bureau of Trade Unions).

Zviito zvose munguva chimurenga kwakaitika zvisiri pamutemo, kusanganisira zvose-Russian Conference of Trade Unions, iyo yakaitwa muSt Petersburg pakupera February 1906 yechipiri. Kusvikira 1917, zvose wesangano rinomirira yavanomanikidzwa, Vokutinhira autocratic simba. Asi pashure sapakuparadzwa vakatanga idzva zvakanaka nguva. Wekutanga ndokusvika remunharaunda komiti wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa.

Third All-Russian Conference of Trade Unions yakaitwa June 1917. Iye akasarudzwa kuti All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. Kuti zuva uye vakatanga kuwanda aongororwe shamwari.

Trade Unions yeRussia pashure 1917 vakatanga kutakura kubuda dzakawanda itsva features, izvo zvinosanganisira vachitarisira negoho kukura uye kurera ufanane upfumi. Zvaidavirwa kuti nzeve iyi kugadzirwa dzinowanzotsigi- kufudza vashandi pachavo. Zvinangwa izvi, kuti kutengeserana mibatanidzwa vakatanga kuita-siyana makwikwi pakati vashandi, chokuita navo nedanho basa uye kugadzirwa kurangwa pakuita mavari.

Mumakore 1918-1918 rokutanga uye rechipiri All-Russian Congress of Trade Unions rakaitirwa umo nzira kukura kwesangano akachinjwa Bolsheviks yakananga nationalization. Kubvira ipapo, kusvika 50-70-ies wokuRussia dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune zvaiva West. Zvino havasi kuchengetedza kodzero uye zvinofarirwa vashandi. Kunyange kubatana date masangano ehurumende varega kuva yokuzvidira (rokumanikidzirwa akapfeka hunhu).

Kusiyana vazvo Western, chidziro sangano zvokuti kubatanidza zvose vanhuwo vashandi uye mamaneja. Izvi zvakaita kuti kusavapo Zvinotambudza yokupedzisira wakakwana.

Mumakore 1950-1970 akawanda mabasa zvemitemo kunge vakagamuchirwa, izvo zvinopa mibatanidzwa kodzero itsva uye mabasa, achivapa rusununguko rwakakura. Uye nesangano iri pakati-80 vakanga mudanga, nzvimbo mapazi chimiro, iro rave organically akanyorwa munyika zvematongerwe enyika. Asi kwakanga refu kwazvo pamwero muboka revatungamiriri. Uye nokuda mukurumbira mukuru wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa, vakawanda matambudziko ake anyerere, zvichiita kuti zviome kuumba uye kuvandudza sangano.
Zvichakadai, mutemo kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye chakaunzwa mukanyiwa pakati dzematongerwe kwavo simba wezvokutengeserana mubatanidzwa kufamba.

Munguva Soviet, imwe nyanzvi kushamwaridzana aidaro mufambiro Subbotniks, mienzaniso, makwikwi uye basa boka rechidzidzo. Vachipa vouchers, Apartments nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira dzakapiwa neHurumende, pakati vashandi. A mhando chinhu zvemagariro mhuri dhipatimendi wekambani.

Pashure kugadzirisa muna 1990-1992, nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa kuzonzi rusununguko kwesangano. Pakazosvika 1995, vakanga vagara yakaiswa zvitsva misimboti anodawo kuti zvakachinja veMubatanidzwa hweruzhinji uye musika upfumi munyika.

Unions in Contemporary Russia

Of yekunwa nhoroondo uye kugadzira shamwari unyanzvi anogona kunzwisiswa kuti mushure Soviet Union yakaparara, uye nyika kwakaita kuti zvegutsaruzhinji kuzvidzora, vanhu vakatanga kuenda chirwirangwe date masangano ehurumende. Havana kuda kuva bureaucratic mugadziriro, tichifunga izvozvo pasina zvarwo. The simba nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa yasvika richarova. Vakawanda vavo vakanga ichiputswa chose.

Asi kuguma 90 dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa dzakaumbwa zvakare. Nechekare mhando itsva. Trade Unions yeRussia nhasi - ndicho sangano, yakazvimirira mamiriro. Uye edza kuita chaiwo mabasa pedyo Western dzomuzana.

Uyewo muRussia pane basa mibatanidzwa, zviri zvakafanana pabasa ravo kusvikira muenzaniso Japanese, maererano iyo masangano ari kubatsira kuvandudza ukama pakati vashandi utariri uye kuti haadziviriri chete zvido vashandi uye kuedza kuwana nzwisisa. ukama kwakadaro kunogona kunzi chetsika.

Muchiitiko chino, kutanga uye chechipiri vaviri mhando wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa muna Russian Federation ari vanokanganisa kuti afambire kukura kwavo uye inokanganisa yakanaka mubasa ravo. Ava:

• simba politicization;
• unhu kuti ruvengo uye nharo;
• amorphousness sangano ravo.

Modern wezvokutengeserana mubatanidzwa - sangano nguva yakawandisa uye pfungwa inobhadharwa enyika zviitiko. Vanoda kuva zvinopesana hurumende ano, achikanganwa nematambudziko zuva nezuva vashandi vashoma. Kazhinji mubatanidzwa vatungamiri kuti kurera kutendeseka ayo, kunyanya vakaronga kuramwa uye kuratidzwa vashandi, pasina chikonzero. Ayo pasina mubvunzo izvozvo tisaonekwa zvose kugadzirwa rose, uye vashandi kunyanya. Uye pakupedzisira, dzomunyika sangano yazvino shamwari nenyanzvi kure wakakwana. In vazhinji vavo hapana kubatana, kazhinji kuchinja mirayiridzo, vatungamiri, sachigaro. Found Kunwa mubatanidzwa mari.

In masangano chinyakare, pane chimwe chinokosha drawback: vanopinda nawo kwaita mu vakabhadhara. Mugumisiro ndechokuti vashandi akaitwa havasi kufarira zvachose, havazivi uye nokudzivirira kodzero dzavo uye zvavanofarira. Unions hazviguti kugadzirisa matambudziko, asi pane chete pamutemo. In nemasangano, vatungamiri vavo uye sachigaro wesangano rinomirira rakasarudzwa, sezvo mutemo, utungamiriri zvinokonzera zvinhu sezvazviri kutanga.

mhedziso

Nhoroondo yokusika uye nadzurudzo pamusoro wesangano rinomirira sangano iri Russian Federation, uyewo kodzero, mabasa uye maitiro masangano aya saka kure, tinogona kugumisa kuti kuita basa rinokosha mune socio-enyika Kugadzirwa kwenzanga uye hurumende yose.

Pasinei huripo zvinetso kushanda kutengeserana mibatanidzwa muna Russian Federation, mashoko sangano, Chokwadi, zvinokosha kuti nyika kuedza kuti hweruzhinji, rusununguko uye kuenzana vemo.