Association akaitwa. Associations uye mibatanidzwa. The mhando dzebhizimisi mubatanidzwa

Business anofambidzana, runoonekwa nevakawanda uchenjeri ano - iri yose muitiro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumakumi emakore anotevera, makambani akawanda munyika (umo nhamba achapa vanenge 70-75% of GDP yepasi) iri rokurara mukati mashomanana zana transnational Holdings. Bhizimisi Russian ichi kuitika, maererano nezvoupfumi, anonziwo nenjodzi.

Pane nzira huru mbiri kuburikidza iyo yebhizimisi wemishonga zvingaitika. In yokutanga tinogona kutaura nekambani pamutemo kuchinja kuti zvinoitika somugumisiro akazobatanidzwa kana acquisitions. Kudzora danda, kana richikunda mugove mugove guru iri nyaya iri achichinjwa boka revanhu kuti mumwe, vanogonawo kushandura zita zvizivikanwe (uye dzimwe nguva bazi) uko zvakasimba unoshanda. Rakajairika marudzi nhasi Songaniro akaitwa muna muchikwata ichi - kunetsa uye Holdings. Pakati vakuru, asi akanga kukuru nhoroondo zvainoreva Russia - anovimba, cartels uye syndicates.

Chimwe mashandiro kuti anowiriranawo pfungwa "bhizimisi Tikafunga", akavapindurawo, haruna chokuita nokuchinja dzavo pamutemo. Inosanganisira nenzvimbo associative mhando - kugoverana varidzi kana vakuru ehurumende (panyaya ehurumende-vaiva makambani) Zvakaitika, vadyi mhinduro kubva zvokukurumidzira zvinetso pokumuka tarisiro itsva tichibatanidza zivo uye zvinhu. The Mhando chikuru neshamwari akaitwa kuti mhando iyi nhasi - zviri neshamwari uye mibatanidzwa.

Tisati taongorora zvinoitwa nerimwe makambani kusimbisa zvigadziriswe vakadzidza zvinhu, tichiratidza chaiwo feasibility of centripetal kuitika mubvunzo.

Sei sangana bhizimisi?

Pakati nezvoupfumi Zvinodavirwa kuti madiki zvimwe chokuwedzera ayo musika kuvapo. Pane imwe nguva, boka runosvika pamwero kukura, kana zvimwe kuwedzera bhizimisi kana zvichida chete nokuda Absorção de Água vamwe mabhizimisi (kazhinji vakwikwidzi), kana kuabatanidza chimiro chimwe. Zvechokwadi, zvinokwanisika uye angangodaro chaizvo nzira kuti zvichaita nyura, uyewo, bhizimisi pacharo.

Paavhareji, kambani vanenge 3-5 makore asati pane mubvunzo pamusoro nzira youshamwari. Kudiwa nenzvimbo mugovapowo nokuda pamusika ezvinhu. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvakadaro ndizvo kuti nguva dambudziko (ezvoupfumi uye enyika hunhu).

Benefits kushamwaridzana

Business anofambidzana - mumwe mutoo iyo kakawanda zvinobatsira nechimwe vatambi vanobatanidzwa mairi. The chikuru zvakanakira mabhizimisi nenzvimbo kunogona kuitika sezvinotevera.

Chekutanga, kambani, pamwe chete, sezvinoita mutemo, zvinoumba munharaunda Databases imwe mhando: vatengi, bhizimisi uye vadyidzani. Zvinonzi dzinenge nguva dzose kuwedzera kwemari nerimwe makambani anoumba nokuwadzana.

Chechipiri, makambani kazhinji wakaiswa mari mari munzvimbo dzakawanda - somuenzaniso, ari ukama chete bhizimisi. It zvinowanzoitika kuti kambani kugamuchirwa kurasa itsva makaita mapati, anowana kuti nhumbi kana mabasa nechikoro navo zvishoma pane avo vakawana kubva yapfuura vakaroorana. Uyewo yemanyorero kunoderedza mari chokuita chete Positioning pamusoro zvizivikanwe, pakushambadzira.

Chechitatu, mugove kwete mashoko chete chekambani, asiwo mari. Izvi zvinobvumira, zvikurukuru, vanovimba nezvokupindira kwomudonzvo anokwanisa. Footage - anokosha chezvinonhuwira kubudirira chero basa. Saizvozvowo, vakawanda mikana mari - nani michina. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana paine mubatanidzwa wenyika maindasitiri zvinomera - dzavo huru yemakwikwi nani iri mabikirwo zvaishandiswa nokubudiswa zvigadzirwa.

Takadzidza pamusoro nei mabhizimisi vanoda nenzvimbo. Zvino ngatikurukurei zvakadzama chimiro dzemabhizimisi wemishonga, zvatakakutadzirai vanozivikanwa ndicho kuRussia.

zvaimunetsa

Ngatitange nezvinonetsa. Izvi mhando mubhizimisi nenzvimbo chinoreva kumbonyanya guru kuzvionera zvevanhu. Kazhinji kuita iri kungogumira kupanana zvigadzirwa makambani (patents, marezinesi), mune zvimwe zviitiko, vabatane urongwa mari utariri.

Hanya chingava nebhizimisi mubatanidzwa sezvo rimwe bhizimisi, uye nenzvimbo mukati makambani uchishanda mapazi eumambo zvikuru dissimilar. Asi sezvo ari kutonga, nhengo dzayo dzose neimwe nzira zvinodyidzana. Somuenzaniso, mune yechinangwa boka makambani dzinogona kubatanidzwa mune rimwe kugadzirwa cheni - bhizimisi pamusoro pakugadzira zvinhu, kubudiswa pakasimwa, uye mafekitari kubudisa yokupedzisira chigadzirwa.

Kazhinji, makambani kuti vanoumba boka (mienzaniso bhizimisi Russian dzinongoita yasimbiswa) kuramba zviri pamutemo akazvimirira. Kudzora danda neimwe, kana richikunda mubasa guru mvumo haasi Kazhinji kuva mubereki mamiriro. Uye ichi ndicho chikuru zvaimunetsa musiyano kubva Holdings (zvinhu zvavo tichakurukura gare gare). Zvisinei, sezvo isu akati apa, kurapa Rwako zvemari, uyewo inokosha zvisarudzo munzvimbo management anechekuita pachiyero mukuru mubatanidzwa utungamiri. Panyaya iyi, zviri pamutemo rusununguko makambani, senyanzvi dzakawanda vanotenda, haagoni kuita basa rinokosha tichitarisa kukura yemakambani sezvo yoga mabhizimisi dzakabatana.

Masangano vechigaro chete boka, vaitwe vanobatanidzwa kwemarudzi idzi dzebhizimisi anofambidzana sezvo neshamwari kana kuti mibatanidzwa. Izvi hazvirevi kukanganisa kwavo pamutemo uye utungamiriri zvigadziriswe. Asi havana kodzero kuva chikamu zvimwe zvaimunetsa. Zvikasadaro pangava pamwe inokosha nemamiriro Consolidated mabhizimisi pokutanga.

Concerns muRussia

Sei Russia unoshanda ichi mhando nokuwadzana seboka? Mienzaniso nemabhizimisi, consolidating mukati chimiro ichi Chokwadi, kuitika Russia muna guru chaizvo yakawanda.

Kune, zvikurukuru, voruzhinji zvekutepfenyura makambani. Nenyanzvi avo funga rimwe remasangano uye kupfuura kuzivikanwa makambani wokuRussia munyika - "Gazprom". It zvinowanzoitika kuti boka - wesangano emakambani ehurumende ari kudzivirira indasitiri.

Shoko rokuti "boka" muRussia uye munyika

The mubvunzo unomuka kana chete mutengo, shoko rokuti "boka" munyika yedu uye kunze. Zvose zvinoenderana chaiwo mamiriro. Funga nezvemienzaniso mishoma. Kunyanya, hanya kuRussia akadana makambani akadai Volkswagen, Siemens, Allianz. Uyewo, nyika mavambo - Germany - masangano aya anotaurwa saizvozvo, Konzern. Kana, akavapindurawo, tiri kutaura pamusoro makambani akadai General Motors, uye Boeing, pamwe US kunyoresa, kuRussia, vari zvakare kuonekwa nezvokunetseka. Asi muUnited States - kwete. Ikoko vanonzi "boka paruzhinji".

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikuru US makambani muRussia pakati nhau Russian kana kushandiswa mabhuku anotaura Makambani chete kuitira kudzivisa kuva anotsausa. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji makambani American, somuenzaniso, motokari hofori Chrysler - chinhu kupfuura "Profile" (mu Chirungu - Limited kuita Corporation). Russian mugari vasingatendi kuti "boka" rinokwanisa kukura chikero yakadaro: manzwisisiro atinoita imwe paavhareji zvikuru kambani. Zviri nyore kuziva kuti akadaro zvebhizimisi - hanya.

akabata

Sezvatakamboreva kumusoro, zvikuru mune wokuRussia muchimiro yezvebhizimisi wemishonga dzinoturwa seakabata makambani. Izvi mhando mabhizimisi nenzvimbo, maererano nenyanzvi, zvakafanana chaizvo zvaimunetsa (chokwadi, mamwe nezvoupfumi uye mamwe mazwi vanozivikanwa). Ndezvipi nevamwe zviri Holdings? Uye kuti, akavapindurawo, zvakafanana pakati pavo uye zvinonetsa?

The kupfuura chinokosha holidnga - kuti chinhu kushamwaridzana masangano uye mabhizimisi pamusoro wakaoma ezvinhu: wevasungwa iri nhaka mubereki sechivako kutonga rokutambudzikira mumapoka ose. Paaiva nezvokunetseka akabvumira (kunyange zvazvo nguva dzose nyaya) kuti koshesa mugove yebhizimisi muridzi pedyo havaoni kuti kambani kana yechitatu-party shareholders.

Nokuti vakawanda unhu (chipfuro zvakasikwa, mhando management, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Wakabata vakawanda chaizvo yakafanana nezvokunetseka. Vanogona kunge neshamwari mapazi mumwe kana kupfuura kuti consolidating imwe yemibvunzo nemabhizimisi mashoko kurongwa kugadzirwa cheni. Just sokune vemasangano, emakambani ari yakabata kambani, sezvinoita ushe, kuva nomutemo dzakazvimirira, vanowanzova akazvimirira zvoupfumi basa.

Asi chikuru utariri zvisarudzo kutora zvose zvakafanana musoro mamiriro. Paro competencies ndeinotevera.

Chokutanga, zviri kuva hwaro Conceptual yose nokuwadzana. Kufunga nzira kukwezva nokuparadzirwa oupfumi uye purofiti. Financial utariri, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda - chikuru chezvinonhuwira basa musoro kunhaka mamiriro. Mari inogona vakagovera kusanganisira kuburikidza pezviri kwezvikwereti.

Chechipiri, musoro kunhaka mamiriro, sezvinoita mutemo, basa kiyi utariri zvisarudzo panguva kambani utariri pamwero, nhengo Association.

Chechitatu, sangano mubereki anomirira zvido zvaro zvose podochetnyh makambani muchinjikwa sectoral nzvimbo uye mumisika dzavatorwa.

In Holdings zhinji, nenzira, pane rairambidzwa vaiva migove nomubereki nemamiriro makambani-Vatori kushamwaridzana (uyewo mamaneja uye varidzi migove).

Ngatichiongororai enhoroondo siyana nokuwadzana masangano kuti vatambe basa rinokosha muupfumi Tsarist Russia uye Soviet Union.

cartels

Pasi cartel vainzwisisa mamiriro, consolidating rimwe bhizimisi mabhizimusi. Chinangwa chakadaro siyana nokuwadzana - kwemajoini mubasa zvatinoita Marketing (kanenge - kurimwa pezvakaitwa). Sezvo chikamu cartel makambani, sezvinoita mutemo, zvakanga nyore kutengesa kugadzirwa zvinhu tichiregeredza zvibvumirano mitengo, quotas, kushandiswa pachiimbwa mamwe mabhizimisi pakugovera chiteshi. Makambani ari cartel vakaramba izere pamutemo uye zvoupfumi kuzvitonga.

Syndicates

Kana mabasa makambani yabatanidza mukati cartel, sezvo vakadaro vachifunga kuparadzira migero (kusiyana pagadzirwe chikamu), kuti Entrepreneurs aigona vakatenderana pokugadzwa Syndicate - zvakafanana yose mubhizimisi mamiriro, basa kutengeswa mishonga panguva yunifomu mitengo uye makwara.

Ndizvo mashandiro munhu yemakambani tikadzivisa kugadzirwa. Mubasa sale, sezvinoita mutemo, chete akasika Syndicate navo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, okutengesa mamiriro haana kusikwa vachiravana, yakaumbwa pachishandiswa zviwanikwa mumwe makambani kuva ushamwari.

anovimba

Kana cartels uye syndicates zvinowa- yakagadzirirwa optimize kutengeswa kwenhumbi migero, nokuchengetesa - kusimbisa zvinoitwa sezvakangoita chikamu kugadzirwa (asi kakawanda kacho uyewo aibatanidza rokutengesa mapoka). Associations iyi mhando vakaumba mabhizimisi havana kuponeswa, kusiyana cartels uye syndicates, ezvemitemo uye zvoupfumi kuzvitonga. Created vanowanzovimba musoro mamiriro (anenge sezvo ari kunhaka). Asi pakanga neizvi apo kambani dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro akazobatanidzwa uye acquisitions. Kazhinji anovimba zvaireva consolidating kugadzirwa zvose pezvakaitwa mukati vabatane nemamiriro makambani, uyewo zvinhu ukama navo. Kazhinji nhengo yenharaunda idzi vakava mabhizimisi kubva maindasitiri akasiyana. Mavari, sokunyorwa zvinoitika nezvokunetseka, yabuda cheni mukugadzira inokurukurwa pamusoro. Sezvo ushe, nokuchengetesa vakatora nzvimbo Institute rwakashodoka varidzi pamusoro zvinhu kuti zvinobatanidzwa pakuburitswa kwenhumbi (uyewo rapera chigadzirwa).

Cartels uye syndicates panguva iyoyo vakanga yo nguva Imperial Russia (apo private zvebhizimisi sangano kuvapo pasina chinokosha kurambidzwa). Uye yechipiri yakanga zvikuru zvakawanda. Cartels vaiva anobvumwa zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Muna USSR (kusvikira nguva apo vezvokutengeserana ukama vairambidzwa) vakanakidzwa mukurumbira zvikuru nokuchengetesa.

Associations uye mibatanidzwa

Zvatakurukura kuitika uye nhoroondo siyana nenzvimbo makambani ari gadziriro akazobatanidzwa uye acquisitions, tikafunga mhando kubatanidzwa mubhizimisi rechipiri - neshamwari uye mibatanidzwa. Just dzinoti kuti mazwi maviri aya, sezvo mutemo, vangazivikanwa. Just "Kushamwaridzana" - zvinoreva "mubatanidzwa", "mubatanidzwa", chete dzimwe tsika. Mabhizimisi pachavo kusarudza sei kureva vanozviti chikamu Consolidated maumbirwo.

Associations uye mibatanidzwa - kubatana masangano (private kana voruzhinji) kwete kusimbisa mari utariri uye zviwanikwa, uye kudzivirira zvido uye dzekuno Kufambisa dzakasiyana nzvimbo basa. Dzinenge nguva dzose chinhu asiri purofiti-mhando mamiriro. Ndiko, kana isu kutaura pamusoro pamutemo - ndiko, as a mutemo, maNGO. Yemakambani kungova kushamwaridzana kana mubatanidzwa, vanorichengeta kwakakwana pamutemo uye zvoupfumi kuzvitonga.

The chikero masangano akadaro kunogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, Association of Restaurateurs uye hostelerov. Panguva kunzwa zhinji kushamwaridzana kwakadaro - ". The Union of maindasitiri uye Entrepreneurs" Kune dzakawanda uye enyika ezvirevo (chinangwa pakusika pavo - pakagadzwa dzebhizimisi ukama). Pakati pevaya - Customs Union.