The nemavhairasi kwazvo ngozi vanhu

Munyika mune mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi Micro-zvipenyu, nemavhairasi vakawanda pakati pavo. Vanogona kurarama ari dzoutsinye ezvinhu. Nemavhairasi dziri husingaperi muaizi Antarctica, uye inopisa sand Sahara, uye kunyange kuchitonhora Vacuum nzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo vose vane ngozi, asi vanodarika 80% zvirwere zvose kwevanhu kunokonzerwa nemavhairasi ndizvo.

Kare 40s remakore rapfuura, vanhu yave kuzivikanwa nokuda anenge 40 zvirwere Penina navo. Nhasi nhamba - vanopfuura 500, pasingaverengwi chokwadi kuti zvose gore vari kuvhura itsva rudzi. Vanhu vakadzidza kukurira nemavhairasi, asi ruzivo haisi kukwana - anopfuura 10 marudzi zvavo zvikuru ngozi yevanhu. Nemavhairasi - activators zvirwere ngozi muvanhu. Ngatimboonai makuru acho.

hantaviruses

The kupfuura ngozi mhando utachiona - hantavirus. Pakubata nemakonzo diki kana zvavo metabolic zvigadzirwa chinowanzoitika hutachiwana hweHIV. Ivo kungamutsawo zvirwere zvakawanda, zvikuru ngozi zvacho haemorrhagic nefivha uye hantavirus syndrome. chirwere First kunouraya regumi nerimwe, mukana rufu pashure rwechipiri - 36%. Kudeuka nzvongo zvakaitika munguva yeHondo yekuKorea. Zvadaro, varwi zvinopfuura 3,000 kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana pavanotaurirana vakanzwa zvachinokonzera. Pane mukana simba kuti hantavirus zvakonzera kutsakatika kuti ibudirire of vaAztec makore 600 akapfuura.

The Ebola utachiwana

Ndezvipi zvimwe ngozi nemavhairasi kuripo Panyika? Denda pamusoro Ebola akasika nokutya munyika dzakawanda makei. Utachiona rakaonekwa muna 1976, panguva idenda muCongo. It akagamuchira zita raro kukudzwa Ebola River, uko pool uye pakanga nokupenya. Zviratidzo zviri chirwere Ebola zvikuru kuti zvinoomesa kuongorora chirwere chacho. Rakajairika ndivo dzinosanganisira: fivha, utera, kurutsa, kupera chiropa uye itsvo basa, kurwadziwa huro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane nechinzwano kwokunze kubuda ropa. Muna 2015, utachiona kwakauraya upenyu vanopfuura zviuru 12 vanhu.

The ngozi bembo utachiwana?

Ichokwadi, hapana vangati utachiona ane ngozi - chimwe besa. Gore negore zviri kurwara kwenguva inopfuura 10% yevanhu, zvichiita rimwe rakajairika uye zvisingatarisirwi.

Mukuru ngozi vanhu kwete kutakura utachiona pacharo, uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti zvinogona kukonzera (chirwere cheitsvo, yemapapu uye pfungwa edema, mwoyo kukundikana). Of 600 000 vanhu vakafa kubva chikosoro kare gore,% chete 30 mhaka rufu rwakanga pacharwo Utachiona ngozi vamwe - mugumisiro yematambudziko.

Kunotouraya - kuti ndiyo imwe ngozi chikosoro utachiona. Nokuda kuramba kushandiswa inorwisa mabhakitiriya ose gore hosha kuri kusimba. Chicken uye yenguruve dzihwa dambudziko iro yakavapo okupedzisira makore 10 - mumwe chisimbiso. In zvakaipisisa kuitika mashoma emakore zvinodhaka anokwanisa kurwisa chikosoro, achapiwa akatakurwa kubudikidza nenjodzi vanhu.

rotavirus

The mhando kupfuura ngozi nemavhairasi vana - ndiwo rotavirus. Kunyange mushonga nokuti unoshanda zvinobudirira, nerimwe gore kubva chirwere ichi inouraya vanenge hafu yemiriyoni vana. chirwere ichi kunokonzera kwazvo manyoka, muviri tasara tisina mvura nokukurumidza uye kufa. Vazhinji vakaurayiwa vanogara underdeveloped nyika, apo zvakaoma kuwana mushonga pamusoro utachiwana.

zvinouraya Marburg

Marburg utachiwana yakatanga kuona muguta iroro muGermany mukupera 60-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Ndiye mumwe gumi nemavhairasi zvinouraya kuti zvinogona kutapukira mhuka.

About 30% zvirwere utachiona inoguma lethally. Mukutanga nzendo kwevanhu chirwere achirwadzisa fivha, kuda kurutsa, tsandanyama marwadzo. In zvikuru aibuda - jaundice, pfungwa nomuviri zvemwana asati, chiropa kukundikana. Vatakuri chirwere hazvisi chete vanhu, asi nemakonzo, uyewo mamwe marudzi tsoko.

Hepatitis muzviito

Ndezvipi zvimwe nemavhairasi ngozi rizivikanwe? Kune anopfuura 100 rudzi dzavo kuti kukanganisa kwevanhu chiropa. Inonyanya ngozi idzi kuzvimba chiropa B uye C. The Utachiona pasina anonzi "muurayi nyoro" nokuti unogona kuva makore akawanda ari mumuviri womunhu pasina anokonzera oneka zviratidzo.

Hepatitis kazhinji kunotungamirira kurufu chiropa masero, kuti ndiye cirrhosis. Kurapa zvokurwara anokonzerwa okuva B uye C kweutachiwana kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Panguva kuziva miedzo nehepatitis B chirwere mumuviri womunhu, sezvinoita mutemo, watova munyika chirwere chimiro.

Akawana chirwere raiva Russian zvipenyu Botkin. Vakawana tisawirirane pamusoro nehepatitis yava kuzivikanwa "A", uye chirwere chinonzi rinorapika.

zoster utachiwana

Chibhokisi - mumwe mukuru zvirwere anozivikanwa vanhu. Zvinokanganisawo chete vanhu, zvichiita kuti chills, dzungu, nomusoro uye kurwadziwa lumbar nharaunda. Mamirire zviratidzo chibhokisi ndiyo chitarisiko pamusoro muviri purulent nekumhanyirira. Chete muzana remakore rapfuura, chibhokisi vakauraya hafu bhiriyoni vanhu. Pakurwisa chirwere ichi vakakandwa kwazvo zvinhu mari (anenge mamiriyoni 300 emadhora). Asi virologists kubudirira known nyaya chibhokisi okupedzisira hwakanyorwa makore makumi mana apfuura.

Ngozi chimbwamupengo utachiwana

Chimbwamupengo utachiwana - rokutanga Rating ichi, izvo kunotungamirira kurufu muna 100% nyaya. Inogona utachiwana chimbwamupengo pashure pokunge akarumwa neimwe mhuka utachiona. The chirwere asymptomatic kusvikira panguva apo munhu hakuchina zvinogoneka kuponesa.

The chimbwamupengo utachiwana kunokonzera kwazvo kukuvara tsinga. Mumazuva okupedzisira nzendo chirwere munhu anova chisimba, anonzwa kuramba kunzwa kutya, kutambura nokushaya hope. Mumazuva mashoma kunouya upofu uye rutivi rwomuviri asati afa.

Munhoroondo yose mushonga vakaponeswa kubva chimbwamupengo dzakakwanisa vanhu 3 chete.

Lassa utachiwana

Ndezvipi zvimwe anozivikanwa ngozi nemavhairasi vari munhu? Lassa fivha anokonzerwa utachiwana - rimwe zvirwere ngozi kuWest Africa. Zvinokanganisawo tsinga, itsvo, mapapu, zvinogona kukonzera myocarditis. Munguva yose nguva chirwere tembiricha muviri anowira pasi 39-40 inegumi. On muviri kune yakawanda chinorwadza chinoda kugadziriswa maronda.

Lassa Utachiona vectors zvidiki nemakonzo. Maperembudzi pachishandiswa kuonana. Gore negore, utachiona vanenge 500 zviuru vanhu, izvo 5-10 zviuru vanofa. In zvakakomba fivha Lassa kufa ungasvika 50%.

munhu vawana immunodeficiency chirwere

The kupfuura ngozi mhando utachiona - HIV. Zvinonzi vaiona kupfuura ngozi vaya vaizivikanwa kuti murume nenguva.

Nyanzvi dzakaona kuti nyaya kwemashoko utachiona kubva primates kuvanhu vokutanga kwakaitika muna 1926. nyaya yokutanga dzinouraya rakanyorwa muna 1959. Mune 60s remakore rapfuura, zviratidzo AIDS vakanga dzakaonekwa pakati pfambi American, asi dzinokosha kana hakuna kupiwa. HIV kwainzi yakagozha chimiro nemabayo.

Separate HIV chirwere vakaziva chete muna 1981, pashure yatanga denda pakati ngochani. Mukati 4 Makore, masayendisiti akawana nzira kupararira chirwere ichi, ropa uye urume. Izvi denda AIDS yakatanga makore 20 apfuura munyika. HIV anzi hosha remakore rechi20.

The chirwere chikuru kunokanganisa zvirwere. Somugumisiro, AIDS pachayo haina zvinouraya. Asi HIV, anongoti hapana kutapata, angafa kubva chikosoro.

All kuedza kugadzira imwe mushonga pamusoro HIV pari kwete kubudirira.

How ngozi ndiyo HPV?

About 70% vanhu vari vatakuri HPV, vakawanda vavo - vakadzi. Pabonde papilloma. Vanopfuura 100 mhando HPV zvinotungamirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana anenge 40. Kazhinji, utachiona hwacho bata nhengo dzakavandika dzomumwe munhu. raakazopirwa chokunze - nechitarisiko ganda growths (papillomas).

The incubation Nguva utachiwana pashure kunayiwa mumuviri hunogara kubva mavhiki akawanda kune akawanda. Muna 90% yevanhu muviri pacharo kubvisa dzimwe microbodies. Nengozi utachiwana anenge chete simba kutapata. Naizvozvo papilloma rinowanzoberekera munguva dzimwe zvirwere, zvakadai yokuSpain.

The zvakakura mugumisiro papillomas vanogona kuva gomarara vakadzi. 14 anozivikanwa zvokubasa utachiona vari High-.

Ita bovine neleukemia utachiwana kuvanhu ine ngozi?

Nemavhairasi anogona kukanganisa vanhu asiwo mhuka. Sezvo munhu anodya zvigadzirwa mhuka, vose mubvunzo nezvengozi utachiona akadaro vanhu kazhinji rinobuda.

Neleukemia utachiona pakutanga kuburikidza kukundwa mombe (mombe). It hwacho ropa mhou, makwai, mbudzi uye chinokurwadzai chirwere chakakomba, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko rufu.

Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti pamusoro 70% yevanhu vane antibodies muropa kuti anogona kurwisa hutachiwana neleukemia mombe. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kudzivirira kubata chirwere kwevanhu chirwere ichi. Rinofanira mombe kunogona neleukemia kenza ropa kwevanhu pasi kwazvo, asi pane mukana nevamwe migumisiro kunaka. neleukemia utachiwana anogona kusungira kuti masero omunhu runokonzera kunotouraya. Mune remangwana, zvingava kusika munhu kugozha idzva, riri zvakafanana ngozi zvose mhuka uye vanhu.

Kunyange zvazvo nemavhairasi uye vanogona kubatsirwa vanhu, hazvina kufukidza kukuvadza yavo. Ndivo vanhu vakawanda vakafa pane zvakaurayiwa muhondo dzose dzenyika kuti nguva dzose. Munyaya ino ndaita pakarongwa nemavhairasi zvikuru ngozi munyika. Tinovimba kuti mashoko aya achava richishanda kwauri. Stay utano!