The Neural chubhu iri mudumbu - yava uye sei kuumbwa?

Kana ramangwana amai anowana kuti anepamuviri, upenyu hwake anotora ane zvakasiyana zvachose zvaanoreva. Zvino unofanira kutora kuchengetwa kwete chete pamusoro pachavo, asi bundu duku, izvo kare anogara pasi mwoyo. Chinhu chokutanga ndechokuti kuita mukadzi - ndiko kuti vanyorese nyanzvi yakanaka, uyo iye anovimba kuti chivimbo chakaipa mukufamba pamuviri.

Ichokwadi, vabereki vechiduku kumuduku vanoda kufunga kuti mwana wavo varege kutanga. Asi kana zvose matambudziko pazvakawanikwa, usaora mwoyo. Vose kwenyu mune chibhakera uye kuita zvose zvinobvira kuti mwana akaberekwa vatano.

The Neural chubhu iri mudumbu - chii?

Vazhinji vanaamai pamuviri uyo chete kudzidza mashoko akanaka pamusoro pamuviri, vanomhanya kudzidza zvose mabhuku pa kuuya pakuberekwa. Ndipo apo ziso ravo anowana ruzivo pamusoro 19-22 zuva pamuviri ratova kutanga kuumba Neural chubhu iri mudumbu. Chii? Pashure pezvose, munhu mukuru ane muviri wakadaro haasi ikoko. Mhinduro iri nyore: Neural chubhu - ndiro rinonyanya chimiro kukura tsinga, kusanganisira uropi uye musana. Zarura huta watemwa - chikuva kuti paumbwe Anterior, pakati uye posterior dundira.

Zvinotyisa zvirwere kuti hahuenderani upenyu

Tinonzwisisa kuti rimwe nzendo inokosha iri kwakabva upenyu kuti kunoitika munguva pamuviri - ndiyo paumbwe Neural chubhu nokukurumidza kubva izvo pachava uropi uye musana kwemwana. Asi dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti muitiro nokuvhara yokumusoro chikamu yakaputsika, zvichiguma dzichiri anencephaly (hapana uropi ari mudumbu). Kana pane Kuvhiringidza ari kuvhara zviri pasi Neural chubhu, pane musana heniya. Zvinosuruvarisa vaviri zvirwere izvi hahuenderani upenyu, asi zvaitika chaizvo kashoma. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti chirwere ichi akarova mumwe kubva chiuru muchero.

Dzimwe nguva pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo rwunotanga zvakanaka kukudziridza Neural chubhu iri mudumbu. Zvazvinoreva uye kana zvakakodzera kunetseka nezvazvo?

Ndezvipi Neural chubhu kuremara?

Zvikanganiso Neural chubhu - wose nhevedzano yoga vakaremara kuti kuva azvarwa. Sezvineiwo, zvarakasiya aya dererei.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti zvokurwara pamusoro Neural chubhu yacho mudumbu - hachisi chirwere ano kuti anokonzerwa kuitika ezvinhu muupenyu hwevanhu. Sezvo kwechokwadi kurekodha paleontologists, uyo akaita kuMudzidzisi zveBhaibheri, kuremara pamusoro musana kana uropi (ichi anosimbisa zvemamiriro kuvandudzika dehenya nomuzongoza) vaakawana Zvisaririra murume akararama makore 7,000 apfuura.

The anotaura kutanga mabasa kwesayenzi uye zvokurapa, pahwaro dzatinogona kutaura, akatanga kuva neNeurosurgery, yakanga munyaya mabasa Hippocrates. Italian anatomist Morgagni Batista, zvichida, mumwe tsanangudzo yokutanga anofungidzirwa kupiwa Neural chubhu kuremara. Kurapwa panguva iyoyo, Chokwadi, zvirwere izvi hazvisi pasi, nokuti mushonga achiri yakaderera chaizvo pamwero kukura.

The zvinokonzera matambudziko aya

Zvinosuruvarisa dzimwe nguva pane chakaremara Neural chubhu iri mudumbu. Rudzii zvokurwara, uye chii chakaita izvozvo? Ngationei zvikonzero nokutsauka kubva kwose kwose.

Saka, panguva mazuva 19-20 pashure pamuviri fetus achiumbwa nomumwe zvakananga mundiro - chimiro kukura huta nevanhu hurongwa vokutanga. 20-22 zuva anofanira kutanga akanamatirana, nokudaro achiumba Neural chubhu iri mudumbu. Chokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvose zviri kuitika zvinoenderana plan, anosimbisa kusavapo pathologies pakati tsinga mwana uyo achaberekerwa. Kana mazuva 23 kubva pamuviri Neural ndiro haisi zvachose kuvharwa iri chubhu, fetus pachava shure matambudziko. By ichi yakawedzera kuomesa kungaita cerebrospinal larkspur kuti kuonekwa trimester akazvitakura rokutanga.

Chimwe ndicho zvinokonzera pathologies dzakadaro vanoonekwa kutapukirwa noutachiona, mwaranzi, zvichiguma mai ramangwana, ndiani ari kurwara nekenza, uyewo dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Asi vazhinji zvarakasiya izvi zvichiitika vakadzi vane pamuviri uyo aiva Neural chubhu urema. High ngozi unoitisa magene nhaka.

External zvinhu vave kunokonzera ndiko kuremara

Chokwadi, majini kubatwa kuti urema hwakadaro yekudyidzana kunowedzera ngozi yokubatwa parinowanika. Asi nhasi chikonzero nevakawanda zvikuru kwakadaro chirwere vanachiremba vanodavira nemwaranzi (amai vanepamuviri vanogona kuwana nemwaranzi dzokupisa kwete kurapwa, asi chete pavanenge vari munzvimbo utachiona). Mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, peturu zvinhu uye nekuve chakaita zvokugadzirwa fetiraiza vari zvakare chikonzero kuti anotanga zvakarurama kukudziridza Neural chubhu iri mudumbu.

To musi, anozivikanwa nevakawanda, kune ngozi chaizvo upenyu hwevanhu kudya zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvokudya. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti kana vanepamuviri mai dzevanhu zvakafanana zvigadzirwa, izvozvo kunowedzera ngozi yokuva zvirwere zvinouraya ari mwana wake. Kunyange inopisa tabhu, zvinotora mukadzi mangwanani pamuviri kungakonzera zvakakanganisika yakadaro.

Kudzikama rwaamai zvokudya vanachiremba akataurawo sezvo zvinokonzera Neural chubhu kuremara. Mukadzi anofanira kubatwa vainyatsotarisirwa kwaari panguva yose nguva pamuviri. Kana apo vamwe pamusoro zvinhu zvinowanikwa muupenyu amai vanepamuviri, zvinofanira akagadzirira pakuti pamuviri vanosanganisira mukuru-ngozi kubereka, inova Neural chubhu urema.

Ichokwadi kuti vanaamai dzakakwirira uremu mukana Neural chubhu zvikanganiso rinokwira?

Handizvo kare vakauya pakuzivikanwa migumisiro zvidzidzo kuti akasimbisa chokwadi kuti vakadzi vane kufuta panguva pamuviri, mukana Neural chubhu urema ari mudumbu muna kaviri kupfuura kuti vamiririri vashoma uremu. Sezvineiwo, madzimai ramangwana ane uremu hazvivakwani, muitiro uyu haana kuchengetwa.

Ndivo akaumbwa pachishandiswa nyaya nhoroondo muCalifornia vakadzi vakanga vawana munhu Neural chubhu urema azvarwa. Vakanga vakaendeswa nehanya nyaya iri nguva kubva 1989 kusvika 1991. Zvakabuda kuongorora uku kwakaratidza kuti vakadzi vane zvakawandisa muviri uremu kunowedzera ngozi yokuva chirwere ne 2.1 nguva. Asi, Zvinofadza mashoko izvi hazvina chokuita kuwedzera folic iine acid kuparadzwa, kushaikwa anonzi mumwe zvezvinokonzera Neural chubhu abnormalities ari mudumbu.

Chii chinoitika zvibereko kana chine yakadaro aparadza?

Kuti tinzwisise kuti munhu Neural chubhu kuremara ari mudumbu zvikamuka, zvakakodzera kanenge zvavo nemashoko, kunzwisisa chii chirongwa embryogenesis.

Saka, vhiki yokutanga pamuviri rapera paumbwe embryo raiva pedyo nebundu. Chechipiri - ichi ndiyo nguva inotungamirwa axial nhengo iri mudumbu, kana kushingaira kuva extraembryonic chikamu. Sezvambotaurwa, vhiki rechitatu - imwe nguva apo Neural chubhu achiumbwa kubva rinokosha ndiro. Vhiki nhatu dzokutanga ndivo nguva chinonyanya neurulation. mapopoma Secondary pamusoro chete nguva vhiki 4-7 kubva panguva yokunambwa.

Nechekare iyi nguva angava kutyorwa, kureva musana dizrafii. Zvokurwara of Neural chubhu, izvo zvinoenda zvakaipa lumbosacral nomuzongoza ramangwana kukura, kunogona kuitika chete panguva neurulation yechipiri. Zvino zvinova pachena kuti zvemamiriro kukura Neural chubhu iri mudumbu kunotanga mavhiki pamuviri rokutanga, ndokusaka kurapwa kwezvirwere izvi zvichiitika muchimiro yokudzivirirwa kukura zvakakomba kuremara. Saka, kurapa vanofanira kutanga vasati nepamuviri uye mberi panguva vhiki gestation rokutanga.

Kukura Neural chubhu urema ine zviratidzo zvayo

Kufanana chero chirwere kana nyonganyonga kunyatsogadzikana, paumbwe imwe Neural chubhu kuremara ari mudumbu ine zviratidzo zvayo.

Zviratidzo mushonga musana dizrafii ano chinotarisa pfungwa:

• Yakavanzwa mumukaha musana: zvakakanganisika akadaro kakawanda riri lumbosacral munharaunda. Hazvina ngozi nokuti zvekuchipatara zviratidzo haapo. zvokurwara ichi chinowanikwa chose netsaona Somuenzaniso, pashure muzongoza radiography. Kwakanga kusina kuchinja ganda, dzimwe nguva pane mavara rima kana talc. mumukaha ichi yakavanda chinhu zvakaipa munhu namahwindo uta rimwe vertebrae. A yakafanana chirwere ane migumisiro akafara, izvo zvinosanganisira usiku incontinence, chinokosha kutyora zvakarurama mamiriro, neutera tsandanyama makumbo, kurwadziwa pasi lumbar nharaunda, uye kunyange deformation dzemumakumbo. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuona kana pane paumbwe zvakarurama Neural chubhu iri mudumbu.
• Cystic kukamurwa rakazaruka vari akadanawo wechokwadi musana hernias. Vanogona kutora chimiro rushoma protrusion yacho reDhura mai. Zviri hernias yakadaro doro kuti cerebrospinal mvura. Ichi chakakomba chirwere muitiro unogona kuratidzirwa zviviri kana zvitatu vertebrae. Vanhu vazhinji vakanga vakazvarwa chakaremara yakadaro, zvakakwana akararama refu uye hunofadza. Surgery Pakadaro, vanoita vanokurudzira kushandisa chete kana paine kukura chaiyo musana heniya. Kana akadaro pfupa urema rinoburitsa 3-5 vertebrae, murwere vachava ruzivo tsandanyama simba uye incontinence. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa vakawanda chirwere kuti rinoburitsa 6-8 vertebrae. The ganda uri heniya chinokutambudza dzakatetepa, uye kuvhenekerwa kuburikidza pia pepa membranes. Iyi kwazvo chimiro chakaremara, izvo kazhinji rinopera yokumbozorora heniya zai uye water drainage pakati cerebrospinal mvura.
• By kuipa yokunyanyisa vaiona mumukaha musana uye akapfava munyama, izvo pamwe chakaremara paumbwe musana. urema hwakadaro noupenyu kushanda haienderani.

Interesting ndechokuti nzvimbo hernias dzakadaro 90% nyaya weveta lumbar nharaunda, uye zvikuru kashoma akaona thoracal kana remuromo nharaunda. Izvi rinotsanangura kuti kana munhu kuremara rikaitika mudumbu, ari pamuviri kazhinji pumped vaingoerekana pamuviri (kusvodza). itwotwo twakachengetwa vanourayiwa nokungoti zvimwe dzavo inotungamirwa kwakaoma zvisingaiti.

How rokuongorora zvakakanganisika kana Neural chubhu abnormalities?

Ona munhu Neural chubhu kuremara muna US chete ari chekupedzisira chemwedzi mitatu yenhumbu. Asi asati kuti, pane zvakawanda mikana kuwana zvakafanana zvokurwara.

Chokutanga, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, zvinokosha kuita munhu rokutanga nechirwere, iyo inokurudzirwa munguva yemberi pamuviri kuronga. Unofanirawo kushanyira imwe obstetrician-gayinakorojisiti, chiremba wezvedundira uye genetics. Kana zvichibvira, ukapfuura miedzo dzinoratidza mwero ngozi yokuva mwana chakaremara pamusoro Neural chubhu. Uyezve, zvinokurudzirwa kuverenga zvakawanda mabhuku. Izvi zvichatibatsira kunzwisisa chii Neural chubhu iri mudumbu, uyewo zvinoita kudzidza zvose kunenge nenyanzvi, izvo zvichava richishanda kwauri mune ramangwana.

Mushure pamuviri, haagoni kuita pasina pamwedzi vaongo- romuti obstetrician. The trimester chechipiri pamuviri anofanira kugara pamwe nguva muedzo moms yemberi ropa. Yatova zvinogoneka kuita Ultrasound pakuongorora azvarwa. Usanyara kubvunza nyanzvi mamiriro mwana, kunyanya kana uri boka revakadzi mikana yakawanda Neural chubhu abnormalities.

In wechitatu trimester, atova zvinogoneka kuona nokuda Ultrasound vachiberekwa malformation yacho mudumbu, iro kwamuka somugumisiro pakuti Neural chubhu yakanga malformed. Photos of embryo mudumbu kuzosimbisa chirwere, unogona kuratidza mumwe chiremba.

Kana mumwe nzendo paumbwe Neural chubhu urema rwukasimbiswa, ndiko chikonzero chakanaka kusimudza nyaya yokubvisa pamuviri. Zvisinei, unofanira kutanga kuziva ukuru kutyora, nekuti vamwe siyana ayo anogona chaizvo upenyu hwakanaka. Nhasi malformation ari Neural chubhu, iyo runoratidzwa dzichiri fetus malformation inogona kururamiswa kuvhiya kupindira. Zvimwe Diagnostics kunodiwa pashure zvamakabvisa chirwere chakadaro, nokuti pamuviri - ndiwo okupedzisira mbudo.

Mabatirwo Neural chubhu urema

Treatment zvinetso kuti vavapo nokuti kuti paumbwe Neural chubhu yakatyoka, unogona kutanga pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa. Panongotanga vanachiremba huchabvisa kutyisidzira vose upenyu mwana, kureva, kudzoreredza vaingoerekana afemeruke uye muviri tembiricha tarisa achangoberekwa, heniya pemvura pakarepo vanofanira kubatwa mishonga yokuuraya utachiona uye cover chena matauro. Pashure kukurukura nevabereki, kana vanobvuma kuti kuvhiyiwa, kuberekwa ari hwakatamisirwa neurosurgical dhipatimendi, apo vose zvakafanira tsvakurudzo, nekuti pasina kwavari, nokubata haangavi kubudirira.

Kana pane ngozi ane heniya atsamwira, kwetsinga rinoitwa pakarepo. Zvikasadaro, unogona kumirira kusvikira mwana kukura. chisarudzo kwakadaro anoruramiswa ndechokuti pakakoromorwa - ndiye "suo rakavhurika" chero mhando zvirwere. Kazhinji, pashure kubviswa hernias kuitika suppurative kuzvimba. Maererano nenhamba, anenge 78% wevarwere muduku akazviratidza matambudziko akafanana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mukati memazuva pashure utano kuvhiya mune vana normalized. Zvisinei, 5% vana vachiri pangozi.

Uyewo zvinokosha ndechokuti kana muchichengeta yakafanana mashandiro ari achangoberekwa, anogona kudzorera zvakazara kuvimbika reDhura mai. Kureva mwana kuva pashure kuvhiyiwa kuri zvachose kuipa, uye zvichava kumirira hwandaiva upenyu huzere. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti rokutanga kuongorora vakatakura pamberi oparesheni nokukurumidza chaizvo. Ita chete miedzo zvakakodzera kuti aponese mwana uye haabvumiri kuti agare hwose akaremara. Zvakakosha kufungisisa uye kune postoperative kumwedzi. To vapore akatora nzvimbo nyore uye pasina matambudziko, zvose kunenge yose kurapa chiremba anofanira kutevedzerwa zvachose.