The nyanduri Tomas Eliot: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Thomas Stearns Eliot - mudetembi wokuAmerica anobva mamiriro Missouri (St. Louis). Muna 1922 akabudisa akakurumbira nhetembo yake "The Waste Land." basa iri Ezra Pound, ake chipangamazano uye shamwari, yainzi wakarebesa yakanyorwa nhetembo Chirungu. Uye T. Eliot akahwina Mubayiro muna 1948.

Rakatanga nyanduri

Thomas Stearns Eliot akaberekerwa mumhuri yakakura. Aiva rugotwe. Pamadzitateguru Nyanduri kudivi yababa vake yaiva Rev. U. G. Eliot, akavamba St. Louis Washington University. With rwaamai madzitateguru Eliot Ayzek Sternz anozivikanwa kuti imwe wokutanga vakatamira Massachusetts.

Genri Uer Eliot, baba Thomas aiva akapfuma industrialist uye Charlotte Stearns, mai vake - mukadzi anodzidza chipo uye vakadzidza. Iye akasika mumutambo mundima, uyewo Biography pamusoro U. G. Eliota.

nokudzidziswa nguva, yokutanga basa

Thomas akatanga kunyora nhetembo nemakore gumi. basa rake mangwanani Kunoonekwa pokudzora mabasa Omar Khayyam. Kufanana zvose chains-garde nyanduri, wechidiki Thomas aiva mupanduki, aishora dzinoitwa nenyika ino. Zvisinei, gare gare huru dambudziko raiva kusikwa yemunyori mweya dambudziko. Thomas akanetseka nemafashamo pezvakaitwa kuti adzinge upenyu kwenzanga. nyanduri kwokumiririra akapfuura pamwe zvinoshamisa simba.

Panoperera chikoro private riri kuSt Louis, Thomas akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Massachusetts College dzakavandika. Kwapera gore, muna 1906, akanga akanyorwa Harvard University. Mutsindo, mudzidzi unyanzvi kwemakore matatu, kudzidza kosi yunivhesiti. Mugore rechina, akagamuchira dhigirii tenzi wacho.

Panguva ino yokunyorwa nhetembo mu "Harvard advoket", rakapepetwa Eliot kubva 1909 kusvika 1910. Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda Paris, apo akapinda hurukuro panguva Sorbonne. Elliott akasangana mabhuku French, pamwe Symbolist vadetembi. Okufananidzira kuziva iye achiri Harvard. Tomas Eliot verenga Jules Laforgue, imwe munyori uyo unoreva izvi muitiro. Uyewo, akanga nokukwezvwa rinonzi "The kufamba pamusoro kwokufananidzira mumabhuku" A. Simons. It kukanganiswa kukura Eliot zvakasimba sezvo nyanduri.

Chisarudzo kutsaurira upenyu hwake kuna mabhuku

Kudzokera Harvard muna 1911, Thomas akatanga kunyora chinyorwa wakayeriswa F. G. Bredli, Chirungu idealist muzivi. Naiyewo akadzidza chiBhudha uye Sanskrit. Sheldonian dzidzo nokuti Tomas Eliot akaenda Germany uye England. In Oxford, Merton College, achidzidzisa Bradley, akadzidza uzivi. Mushure zvikuru mubvunzo uye kuzengurira Eliot akasarudza kuzvipira upenyu hwake mabhuku, saka haana kudzokera achidzivirira chinyorwa chake paHarvard. Thomas akaramba muLondon, apo iye akanyora nhetembo. Vamwe vavo, achitsigirwa Wyndham Lewis uye Ezra Pound, yakabudiswa muna 1915.

Eliot aifanira kuwana chokurarama nacho, achiita rinenge dzidziso gore, achibva akashanda mubhengi, "Lloyd" mabharani. Muna 1925, mudetembi vakatanga kushanda mu "Faber Guayer End", kutanga sezvo mabhuku mupepeti yacho kubudiswa imba, uye ipapo somumwe vatungamiriri kambani.

wanano yokutanga

Tomas Eliot awana muna 1915. Zvazova Mudikamwa Viven Heyvud. Pasinei nokuti muchato akanga asingafari, vaviri vakararama pamwe kwemakore gumi namapfumbamwe. Vivien pashure pokurambana yakanga kuchipatara chepfungwa. Akafa pano muna 1947.

Basa iri inonzi mabasa matsva

Munguva kubva 1917 kusvika 1919, Thomas akashanda mumagazini "Egoist" Mutevedzeri mupepeti. nhetembo ake okutanga akatanga kuoneka munyika dzinoverengeka periodicals, kusanganisira "Anthology rinoti Catholic" E. Pound. Pano, mabasa ake dzakabudiswa muna 1915. In "Hogarth Press" Leonard uye Virdzhiniya Vulf akaisa muunganidzwa mbiri itsva nhetembo na Thomas - "Prufrock nevamwe zvaanorumbidza" (1917) uye "Poems" (1919). Avo akasika pasi pokudzora Laforgue mabasa anozivikanwa mwoyo chokwadi.

Yokutanga zvinokosha nhetembo TS Eliot akava "Rudo Song J. Alfred Prufrock." It rinoburitsa zvinobatsira dzemaoresa, yokuremekedza, vavariro gamba, uyo anonziwo ainetseka kutaura, uye ari mune mwoyo miviri, kunyanya vakadzi. basa iri chinhu chinokosha anokosha nhetembo remakore rechi20. On zvinomirirwa nhetembo rakanyorwa vatsoropodzi zhinji, uye George. Berryman, nyanduri American, vaidavira kuti akanga ano nhetembo kunotanga nayo.

TS Eliot - mutsoropodzi

Pamwe chete kukura vakawanda TS Eliot sezvo nyanduri uye vaigamuchira mukurumbira wake somunhu mabhuku mutsoropodzi. Kubvira muna 1919, Thomas ndiyo nguva Contributor kune mabhuku chinamatidzwa kuti "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Kwakaonekwa dzino ake dzinotevedzana vakazvipira kuna Jacobin uye Elizabethan mutambo. Pamwe chete nevamwe, vakava rutivi muunganidzwa mabasa TS Eliot, "Holy Wood" (1920). Munyaya dzakaoma Dante, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, John Donne, Andrew Marvell munyori aiedza kudzokera nyanduri upenyu, iyo, kwake mafungiro, iguru basa uye kutsungirira kushorwa. maonero Vakawanda mumashoko akazotevera Eliot "Krayterione" dzinonetsa zvakakwana yakakurumbira magazini, iyo inobudiswa nguva mana pagore munguva kubvira 1922 kusvika 1939

"The Waste Land"

Muna 1922 Tomas Eliot akabudisa nhetembo yake yakakurumbira. Sezvatakurukura dzatoona, rakachengetedzwa zita pakati wakarebesa nhetembo akasikwa Chirungu. Ezra Pound pfungwa hyperbola kwayo (pashure chigadzirwa chete inoumbwa 434 mitsetse) uye zvakawanda nhetembo tsigiro wevasungwa munguva nhetembo iyi. Zviya, Pound muchirongwa fora basa. Akacheka yokupedzisira shanduro nhetembo munenge wechitatu.

Vazhinji inonyatsozivikanwa vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti zvakanakisisa basa kuti akasika munhu Tomas Eliot - "The Waste Land." It chachinja pakuzadzisa nhetembo. The chigadzirwa ine 5 zvikamu. Ivo vakabatanidzwa yemisoro Kuparara tsika uye kushaya mbereko. Nhetembo, uyo wairatidza kuvhiringidzika uye nokupokana yepashure pehondo, akataura manzwiro enguva.

Rubhabhatidzo uye British citizenship

T. S. Eliot muna 1927 akaita vakabhabhatidzwa muna Anglican Church. Panguva iyoyowo zvachakapiwa British citizenship. Tomas Eliot, ane nhetembo akanga atova zvakakurumbira okusuma kuti muunganidzwa wake essays chakanzi "Kutsigira Lancelot Andrews," anozviti ane classicist mumabhuku, nezvitendero uye anglokatolikom royalist mune zvematongerwo enyika. Thomas aiva mudzidzi anofarira Mutsika Chirungu. Navo kunyange akaritumidza aitamba ari wokuEngland zvose pamusoro, kunze norudzi uye madudziro emazwi. Saka, inoenderana ake British chizvarwa zvinangwa. Zvisinei, kuchinja kuti Eliot Church England ari kubva tsika Unitarianism, wakatorwa mumhuri yake, pasinei nokuti iye akagutsa anoda pachena uye kunyatsoomerera tsika (Thomas aiva Puritan ari mavambo).

Mune nhetembo, Eliot kuti "Ash Wednesday" (1930) kwakaratidza nokufunganya akacherekedza kuparidza kwake. Munguva iyi kuvhiringika kwepfungwa nevakangwara Thomas rakashandurwa nhetembo "Anabasis" Saint-John Perse (muna 1930). basa iri rudzi nhoroondo yevanhu pakunamata.

Mitambo Eliot

Muna 1930, Thomas akanyora enhetembo mutambo "Umhondi Cathedral" (1935) uye "Stone" (1934). mabasa awa vakasikwa kuti zvesimba dzechitendero. Chokutanga izvi chinhu netsika kwouzivi. dingindira raro - kutambura St. T. Beckett. Nhetembo ichaongororwa yakanakisisa dambe kuti TS Eliot. Nokubudirira hombe yakanga iri dzemitambo iri US uye Europe.

Plays Elliott upenyu ano, zvakadai se "Family Reunion" Evening Cocktail "," Private Munyori "uye" Vakwegura yokutungamirira "(1939, 1950, 1954 uye 1959, ukuwo) vanoonekwa zvishoma akakodzera. Thomas akakoniwa chaizvo kuzadza dingindira nenhamo yekare panguva kugutsikana. Zvisinei, "Evening coctail" panguva kwakabudirira zvikuru dzemitambo, iri kumativi maviri kuAtlantic.

Poems 1940 uye Nobel Prize

Muna 1940, Thomas akanyora nhetembo akadai "East Coker" (1940), "yeZvipiriso Norton", "Dry Selveydzhes" (zvose muna 1941), "Little Gidding" (1942) uye "quartets Four" ( muna 1943). Vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanobvuma mabasa kupfuura vakura mubasa Eliot raMwari. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kufunga, rakafuridzirwa nzvimbo umo munyori weaving kutonga pamusoro nguva, nhoroondo, hunhu mutauro, pachake ndangariro.

Eliot Thomas, ane mabhuku vave kuzivikanwa pasi pose, akahwina Mubayiro muna 1948. Anders Esterling, nhengo Swedish Academy, akasimbisa pakutaura kwake kuti nhetembo Thomas kwakaita pfuma "nedhaimani hasha" kunobondera hana chizvarwa ano.

muchato Second uye rufu Nyanduri

Muna 1957 akaroora EV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. Biography ake kunoguma muna 1965, apo akafa pamberi makore 76. TS Eliot akavigwa East Coker.

Zvikonzero zvinobatsira Eliot

Nei basa Thomas Eliot achiri kufarira vakawanda? Zvikonzero zviri akasiyana-siyana. Chief pakati pavo ndechokuti munyori uyu rava kupfuura renovator wenhetembo. Poems mu Chirungu rakashandurwa TS Eliot Jiménez, Montale uye Seferis. Pakazosvika 1969, mabasa Thomas ave akashandurirwa mumitauro mikuru yokuEurope, uyewo Chinese, Japanese, Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, uye zvichingodaro. D. Uye mazuva ano chero bhuku iri America kana England bhuku iri nhetembo ano, sezvo mutemo, kunotanga chinyorwa nezvezvinoratidzwa TS Eliot, nokuti mupiro mukuru zvaakaita kuti kukura kutaura okugadzira zvinhu.

Kunzwisisa omumwe okugadzira zvinhu Eliot

Nzwisisa nhetembo mu Chirungu neMunyori ichi hakusi nyore, sezvo shanduro mabasa ake. Chokwadi kuti Eliot ari mudetembi elitist. Mabasa ake ndiwo neitsva munyika nhetembo kwete chete. In basa rake Thomas haana rokuisa chiratidzo nguva. Aigara nyaya agadzirise zvinetso zvitsva uye unyanzvi hutsva.

Nemaune elitism, kuti chains-garde yezvakaita basa munyori uyu achitungamirira kuti mabasa ake havasi nyore kunzwisisa. The dambudziko yokutanga iri kunzwisisa philosophic. Munyori kutora mibvunzo inokosha okuvapo kwevanhu. Eliot rinoreva basa rake ichangobva aesthetic nouzivi pfungwa. Haana chete kuziva mufananidzo wavo hwokudhirowa. Mudetembi pachake ari kuedza kuwana matambudziko akasiyana-siyana.

The dambudziko rechipiri riri pakuti basa rinokosha ake rokusika kutamba Zvisaririra, nemadimikira, zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika uye zvichingodaro. Izvi zvinobvumira mudetembi kusunda mabasa ake akasiyana siyana uye mazera, kwete chete kuratidza kunzwisisa kuitika munyika, asi anoratidza ukama hwavo nevamwe mananara tsika pamwe kare. Saka, muna Shanduro mabasa Munyori uyu anowanzoshandurwa kupiwa hwakadzama mashoko.

Wechitatu unoti uri Eliot, iyo zvinoomesa kunzwisisa kwayo, rinosanganisira ukoshi guru, izvo naizvozvo inobhadhara chimiro. Somuenzaniso, chigadzirwa "Four quartet" ane zvakasiyana melodic zano rakanga pfungwa nokunzwisisa kwake Eliot Beethoven (kana kuti, vake quartets akazotevera).

Angadai refu nguva yokutaura pamusoro zvinhu mabasa Eliot. Zvisinei, imwe nyaya hazvibviri kufukidza kuchikosha uye zvikuru yepakutanga hwokudhirowa chaiyo. Zvinokosha kuti, nokuti TS Eliot kunzwisisa haisi mugumo pachawo. Yakanga kuratidza kusiyana uye vasiri mureza zvinetso nhetembo, raakanga akagadzira uye kugadziriswa.

Bhuku iri pamusoro katsi

Asi kwete nguva dzose TS Eliot zvakadaro yakaoma, haugari kushanda elitist. Zvingava zvishoma chisingatarisirwi, asi mhuka dzinovaraidza vanofarira vadetembi akadai Tomas Eliot. Cats kwava protagonists yake yakakurumbira muunganidzwa nhetembo, rakabudiswa muna 1939 ( "pamusoro katsi Popular Science ..."). Mabasa zvaisanganisira mairi, vakasikwa kuma1930. Zvakanyorwa kuti godchildren TS Eliot.

Parizvino, pamwe muunganidzwa ichi rinozivikanwa zvikuru mubhuku pamusoro katsi munyika. Anoziva zvose kukuchidzira mhuka idzi. A guru mugove inozivikanwa muunganidzwa vakauya zvokuridza "Cats" E. L. Vebbera, akarwira yawo chikonzero.