The pokudengenyeka kwepasi California - nemigumisiro

Humanity, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro nemamiriro enyika. The zvakawanda zvisingaiti kudzora zhinji yomunyika yacho pezvakaitwa. Akadaro mananara zvinosanganisira kudengenyeka, izvo nekufukidza chaiyo nzvimbo panyika uye vagotendeuka kuva matongo seconds.

Kudengenyeka kwepasi kukuru muna California

Mumwe kwepasi kupfuura kwakaitika muna California (USA). Izvi hazvina kuitika kwemakore anenge 25. Ndima zvave pasi nokufamba 6 pfungwa iri. Zvino 24.08.2014 03,20 am vemo nguva. Rakanga panguva ino San Francisco vagari vakafunga chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine vokutanga.

Pasinei zvikuru kuparadzwa pakati nezvivakwa uye kukurukurirana, akakwanisa kunzvenga vanotambura. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vanenge 80 vachiri kutambura.

Saka kudzivisa vazhinji vakaurayiwa?

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti nhamba yevanhu iri zviduku nokuti chinokosha kuchengeteka hurongwa, hwakasikwa ave kuedza muCalifornia. Chaizvoizvo Its ndiko kudzivisa vanhu zvichibvira dambudziko. Nekudengenyeka California (2014) yaratidza kuti hurongwa anoshanda. Akashuma nezvewikendi jolt mumasekonzi 10.

Dzinozivikanwa reThe Los Angeles Times akanyora nezvazvo, kuti "masekondi iwayo mashoma, unogona anowira zvose asi kubva pamubhedha." Munzira dzakawanda havana kodzero, asi basa iri rakaoma kupa hurongwa yakadaro vagari vose ehurumende uye yokugadziridza nayo kuitira kuti nyevero iri akagamuchira masekondi 50 vasati dambudziko.

The hurongwa inoshanda tichibatsirwa seismographs, izvo dzinonyora chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine ari kwacho. Vanokwanisa kunzwa kusunda uye wokutanga kutumira chiratidzo kune vanhu pakukurumidza totaura pamberi kwenyika. Saka, vanhu vachakwanisa kugadzirira njodzi.

Nekudengenyeka California akaratidza zvakare fragility hwevanhu hurongwa. Kunyange zvazvo netariro inowedzera apingirishwa aramu hurongwa. Chokwadi, 10 masekonzi hazvikwani kuti kubvisa, asi mberi hazvirevi mira. Mune remangwana, kunyange mumasekonzi 50 anogona kuponesa upenyu zhinji.

Kwenyika California akanga asiri oga munhoroondo munzvimbo uye United States yose. Mumakore achangopfuura, mamiriro ichi akarega kuva mutungamiri kwenhamba zvakohwewa nezvakanga.

Oklahoma - mutungamiriri mutsva kwenhamba njodzi iri US

Vazhinji vanogara wehurumende ichi kusvikira 2008 haana pfungwa pamusoro chii kwenyika muUnited States. Vakanga kure nematambudziko aya. Zvisinei, mumakore achangobva kupfuura munharaunda hwakanyorwa zvakaramba 240 Huru kusvika 4 points.

Vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanobvuma kuti izvi nokuda dzokubudisa kuti shale gasi. Zvakafanana pfungwa, Professor pana Columbia University, Dzheffri Abers. Anoti kuti njodzi mapazi ari anenge 2,000 km² pamusoro Oklahoma. State makore mashoma rava kupfuura kwenyika-asingatani US nzvimbo.

Huru chikonzero unonzi dzokubudisa shale kubudikidza nzira hydraulic fracturing. It iri chokwadi kuti shoma mvura namakemikari pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa iri jekiseni kupinda shale idzodzo. Saka, Zvisaririra chinotsva anosunungurwa. Sezvo akaratidza nemasayendisiti pana Cornell University, kuti chiito kwakadaro kwaigona kukonzera nokudengenyeka kwenyika munzvimbo US uye dzimwe nyika vari nharaunda 40 Km from panzvimbo migodhi kwacho.

Makanzuru mumaguta akawanda muUnited States kurambidza dzokubudisa makambani mafuta uye gasi kubereka nenzira iyi. Munyika ino, kunze njodzi nevanhu, uye saka hapana chinhu chokutya uye chii kuyeuka.

Apo America akanga kuzunungusa wakarebesa?

Kwenyika California muna 2014 akanga asiri mukuru munhoroondo yacho. Ipapa, muna December 1811, zvakatanga kufamba panyika, iyo kurega chete muna March 1812. Somugumisiro, sefungu chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine zvave zvakawanda zvachinja mamiriro enzvimbo.

Earthquake migumisiro:

• nomumwe kunyika kusvika 6 metres nokukwirira;
• zvakachinja pamusoro Mississippi River;
• , Madziva itsva, akadai St. Francis;
• kuuraya vanhu vakawanda.

Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti pakati 3 uye 5 zvakaramba vaiva unokosha kupfuura 8 points. The nhamba chaiyo yevanhu haangatongovi kuzivikanwa, nokuti misha kumbova zvakaoma mapepa.

Dambudziko chikuru muSan Francisco

Kwepasi muUnited States muna 1906 raiva pfupi zvikuru. Zvino musi April 18 uye kwakatora mumasekonzi 75 chete, asi akauya zvakawanda vanotambura uye kuparadza.

Migumisiro kwenyika;

1. Vaiona akafa anopfuura 700 vanhu.
2. Vakaparadzwa sezvo zvivako zvitsva, zvakadai Municipality uye chakasakara dzimba.
3. Sonoma waini kambani yakanga yashatiswa nokuti kuparadzwa zvachose waini yako chitoro.
4. Somugumisiro, moto rakamuka chakatsva anenge 12 mativi makiromita. Makambani akawanda inishuwarenzi akabhadhara muripo kuti kukuvadzwa vatambure akaenda zvachose.
5. It rakaparadzwa guta mvura tangi uye gasi chekuchengeta zvachose.

Power vaise zvinofungidzirwa pa 8.3 points. Izvi kwakakanganisa guta $ 500 miriyoni. Mazana upenyu vaizviti kwepasi rino.

Kwenyika hwakasimba munhau

Kashoma kwepasi kuCalifornia zvingafananidzwa zvakaitika August 1950 kuIndia. Zvino kumabvazuva kwenyika, iri mamiriro Assam. Chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine akanga akasimba zvokuti anokosha midziyo akasagona dzibve. The sensors havana akagadzirirwa zviratidzo zvakadai.

Kana akamira, penyanzvi pamutemo paakavapa kuti kuvhunduka simba zvikuru 9 points. Dambudziko kwakaita yakakura nezvinhu uye kuparadza. Paiva vanotambura. It rwakatora mazuva mashanu. Somugumisiro mazhinji ukapisa murwi dzakaumbwa vakawanda zvavanokanganisa, vanhu pakarepo akarasikirwa nemisha kwete chete asiwo hwavo. Kubva slits akaumba kunze paukobvu inopisa hwemvura.

Kukuvara kubva pakukura kwenyika munyika yaiva $ 25 miriyoni. Kuwedzera kwevanhu kwaunenge, zvikuru zvinotyisa kwaiva zvachose kwezvivako. Vakaparadzwa nokuda madhamu, dikes uye migwagwa. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti boka zvimwe zvinetso, kusanganisira kuoma tsvaga uye Kununurwa vapona.

vagari vazhinji vakanga vasina sarudzo asi kutizira miti. Newspapers akarondedzera kuwanda Muzviitiko zvakadaro. Features anoratidza mumwe wavo, kana mukadzi aifanira kupa mwana pamuti.

Where paanobata, chaizvoizvo?

Waves nehana musi waAugust 15, yakasvika America. Equipment USA yakanyorwa navo kumba. Vanotsvakurudza vanoti kuti vachibva zviwi Japanese. Ikoko, akavapindurawo, akanyorawo zvakafanana kuita uye akasarudza kuti dambudziko rikafukidza US.

Hakuna kunyange akafunga pakutanga kuti mafungu idzi Zvisaririra kwepasi kuIndia. simba rake rasvika chikamu chikuru Nyika.

India vagara ane kusagadzikana nzvimbo dzenyika nechepasi. Ndokusaka pane zvaitika kwenyika nemafashamo. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 muIndia zvatoitika cataclysms Huru kupfuura 8 pfungwa dzakadaro.

Nei kudengenyeka kuitika?

Kuti kuverenga pachine nzvimbo apo pachava chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine, uye kudzivisa yakawanda vanotambura, zvakafanira kunzwisisa sei zvaitika. Masayendisiti hatinyatsonzwisisi kuziva sei uye nei paine njodzi zhinji. Hama kuti kundengendeka kwepasi pane shanduro dzakawanda.

The kukonzera kwepasi:

1. Dips siringi akaumba mumigodhi. ukapisa murwi izvi duku nhau nzvimbo, zvisinei, kukonzera yakawanda chakakomba kukuvara. Nezvikonzero zvakafanana zvinogona kunzi mabasa evanhu, kureva vykachku mafuta uye gasi rinobva pasi.
2. Kuputika kwemakomo kunowanzoguma kudengenyeka kwepasi. Izvi zvakabatanidzwa kungoerekana underpressure magasi kuti uchingounganidza ari mugero rinoputika. Pashure mabota kufekuka zvinogona kuumbwa kare voids ataurwa pamusoro.

3. kudengenyeka Tectonic munyika dziri kuonekwa zvikuru kunoparadza. Vari chokuita kutamira platforms uye mitswe ari girenayiti idzodzo dzenyika nechepasi. Muenzaniso zviri California. Vose vari chokuita mhosva San Anderas. Kuti pamwe nguva dzose vanowanika zvizivikanwe nemichina semafungu, zvichienderana pakukurumidza, muuye zvishoma kana zvikuru kukuvara mamiriro ichi.

Zvinoita here kungoparara dambudziko?

Kukwanisa kuita zvakarurama Kufembera kudengenyeka Nde basa remasayendisiti-seismologists. Zviuru nhepfenyuro kushanda munyika yose akatevera womukati kwepasi, iyo hakumboperi.

Nokuti kufungidzira kazhinji kushandisa ruzivo kuti kudengenyeka kwepasi ndiko kupindana kuwanda makatsemuka panyika nechepasi. Zvaitika munzvimbo nezvikanganiso. Ndokusaka zvakawanika uye pakuyera yaitwa pamusoro nzvimbo seismically ngozi. Kugumiswa dzomunyika dzinotsanagura Nyika - ndiwo mukuru mukana kuti kudengenyeka kwepasi zvichaitika nokukurumidza.

Masayendisiti kusika chaiyo kadhi, izvo zvinoratidza ruzivo pamusoro foci kudengenyeka kwenyika, ravo zvikuru, maitikiro. Kufungidzira rinoitwa mumatanho matatu.

Zvokukura pakusikwa kushurudzira:

1. Kuziva zvikamu seismically ngozi kwemakore 10-15.
2. Svikiro-rokuti for kwemakore 1-5.
3. Kwenguva pfupi kufungidzira rurefu ndingangokuvara njodzi munharaunda.

Chii chinokonzera yakakanganiswa kushurudzira?

Zvaakanga kudzidza zvinokonzera kwenyika, masayendisiti haagoni zvaizoitika - kufembera navo. ari kushurudzira waiva unoyevedza mu China muna 1975. Dhorobha akanga anyeverwa pamusoro vakawanda mwoyo muna 14.00, uye chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine akatanga 19,36. Pasinei zvachose mumusha, vakabirwa rinenge haana. Ukuru yakasvika 7 points.

Zvisinei, nyaya yacho kuti vasayendisiti uye nokukundikana zvinozoguma chakakomba zvoupfumi varasikirwa. Izvi imhaka yokuti, kuwedzera kubvisa chavagari, zvinokosha kumisa basa maindasitiri emakambani, patsanura mabhuku ose simba.

The chikuru basa seismology kufungidzira njodzi harina kugadziriswa. Zvisinei, basa dambudziko iri kuitwa nokuunza nemigumisiro.