The UN Security Council. Permanent UN Security Council nhengo

Pakati masangano zvikuru munyika dzose okuti UN. Ruzivo sei akunoita kunokosha kuti munhu anoda kuramba sezvaaienderana ezvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi zviitiko. Chii nhoroondo tsika Ndianiko pati?

Chii UN?

The United Nations wakadamwa muzinda mutsa kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu. Senzira UN anoshanda nemamwe masangano matatu. basa ravo seboka ndehwokuti nechokwadi kuti nyika yose kuremekedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, kuderedza urombo, uye aiva chenguva dzose pakurwisa zvirwere uye zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. The sangano rinogona kupindira zvematongerwo enyika chero nyika, kana kosi haanganditeveri kusangana kazhinji mwero unogamuchirwa. Dzimwe nguva kupedza dzeUN Security Council uye siyana zvirango pamusoro munyika dzakadaro kunogona kusarudza zvokuita chaizvo.

History of sangano

The chidzoke dzeUN kwakaitika pamusoro dzinoverengeka muchiuto, mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi zvikonzero. Vanhu kuziva kuti kusingaperi munhevedzano hondo kurerutsa vanhuwo kubudirira uye, naizvozvo, zvakakodzera kutora matanho kuti ave nechokwadi norugare mamiriro, kuvimbisa kubudirira uye mberi. Yokutanga matanho kurutivi pakusikwa sangano kwakaitwa muna 1941, apo rakavakwa yeAtlantic Charter uye Declaration yakasainwa nehurumende yeSoviet. Panguva iyoyo, vatungamiriri venyika huru kunge akagadzira huru basa, waiva kuwana nzira dzakawanda vagarisane. Gore rakatevera mu Washington munyika makumi maviri nezvitanhatu munyaya Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa, akasaina Declaration of United Nations. Zita chiridzwa ichi munguva yemberi Ichashandiswa sangano Zita. Muna 1945, panguva musangano, iyo wakapindwa USSR, USA, China uye United Kingdom, wokupedzisira gwaro, izvo akazova United Nations Charter akasikwa. June 26 - musi Kusayiniranwa ichi - ari kuonekwa zuva United Nations.

The zviri Charter weUnited Nations

Gwaro iri ndiro pachake democratic zvinangwa zvavanhu. It formulates kodzero dzevanhu, aifarirwa chiremera uye kukosha ose upenyu, wakaenzana vakadzi nevarume, kuenzana kwevanhu siyana. Maererano Charter, chinangwa UN iri kuramba nyika rugare uye pakugadzirisa zvose yokurwisana uye kukakavadzana. Nhengo imwe neimwe sangano riri kuonekwa akaenzana nevamwe, uye vanosungirwa nokutendeka dzika wazvipira zvose. No nyika anekodzero kutyisidzira vamwe kana kuti kushandisa simba. The UN anekodzero kupindira pakuvhiya zvechiuto mukati chero mamiriro. The Charter rinotaurawo kubudirana pachena pamusoro sangano. Kuva nhengo iri chero rugare nyika.

UN achishanda musimboti

Sangano iri harumiririri hurumende chero nyika uye haagoni rinotema. Pakati masimba aro anosanganisira urongwa mari, izvo kubatsira kubvisa kurwisana dzakawanda, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu dzezvematongerwo enyika. nyika imwe neimwe kuti ari nhengo yesangano vanogona kuratidza pfungwa yavo. The chikuru nhengo weUnited Nations General Assembly kuti funga, kuti Security Council, iyo Trusteeship Council, iyo Economic and Social, uye pakupedzisira, kuti Secretariat. Ndivo zvose muNew York. The International Court of Human Rights, riri Europe, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, zviri chiDutch muguta The Hague.

Security Council

In chiedza kugara hondo uye haaregi kukakavadzana pakati dzimwe nyika, muviri ichi ndicho chatinonyanya kukosha. The UN Security Council ine munyika gumi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gumi vavo nguva kusarudzwa maererano imwe nzira. nyika shanu chete zvawo vanobatanidzwa UN Security Council: Russia, Britain, China, United States uye France. Kuti sangano akatora sarudzo, unofanira kuvhota nokuti nyaya dzinenge pfumbamwe nhengo. Kazhinji kacho mugumisiro misangano kuva chisarudzo. Panguva Kuvapo kwavo, Council vakagamuchira zvinopfuura 1,300.

Sei muviri ichi?

Panguva ivepo, UN Security Council ane imwe nhamba nzira uye siyana simba pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. State simba anogona kutaura mhosva, kana nyika nezviito Hakupindirani muBumbiro reMitemo. Munguva ichangopfuura iyi, nhengo United Nations Security Council vaisagutsikana chaizvo pamwe mutemo South Africa. Nokuti zvinoitwa ehurumende yave kakawanda mhosva rusaruraganda munyika. Chimwe ezvinhu Africa, iyo raimuvhiringidza sangano, akatanga uto akavhiyiwa pamusoro dzimwe nyika Pretoria. On nhoroondo iyi iri United Nations vakasikwa zvisarudzo zvakawanda. Kazhinji kudare nehurumende kunosanganisira kumira ruvengo, kwokudiwa kuti kurega wamapoka. Panguva iyoyo, kupfuura kunetseka UN Security Council rweUkraine. Zvose zviri sangano chinangwa kugadzirisa kurwisana uye conciliation. The rakafanana iri atoshandisa panguva chisarudzo pamusoro Palestinian nyaya uye panguva yehondo yaimbova Yugoslavia.

Zvaiitika

Muna 1948, kuti UN Security Council akasimbisa yokugara nzira, kushandiswa mapoka mucherechedzi uye mishoni nevarwi pakuongorora. Ravaifanira kudzora, sehurumende, kuti zvakanga akatumirwa chisarudzo sezvarayirwa zvinodiwa kumira ruvengo uye zvigume-moto. Up kusvikira 1973 vanoona izvi akatuma chete zvechigarire nhengo UN Security Council pakati Western munyika. Pashure gore rino, uye mapurisa Soviet vakava chikamu basa. Vakanga kutumirwa kuna Palestine. Zviremera zvakawanda supervisory vachiri kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu kuMiddle East. Mukuwedzera, zvachose nhengo UN Security Council dzinoumba basa rokuita mabasa avo paRebhanoni, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Rwanda, El Salvador, Tajikistan uye dzimwe nyika.

Pamwe nemamwe masangano

Mabasa Council vari kuramba anoteverwa seboka basa pamwe emunharaunda miviri. Kushandira Pamwe havatombopfeki kupfuura siyana hunhu, kusanganisira nguva yokubvunza, nedzenyu rutsigiro, anochengetedza runyararo, akataura mishoni. The UN Security Council anogona kutora nzvimbo pavanoparidza OSCE, sezvo chakaitika panguva kurwisana muAlbania. Sangano riri teaming pamwe nemapoka zvemhoteredzo waidzora mamiriro ezvinhu ari kumavirira kondinendi African. Panguva kanga United Nations Georgia akabatanidzwa pamwechete Kishi anochengetedza runyararo simba.
MuHaiti, Council pamwe OAS ari gadziriro international vehurumende basa.

Security Council zviridzwa

Settlement Tsika nyika kusawirirana inongogara kuitwa nani uye upgraded. A ichangobva dzakabudirira nzira kudzora enyukireya uye zvakatipoteredza kutyisidzira, kudzivirira panomuka ose makakatanwa, vakawanda kuenda kumwe, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, nzara uye matenda. Information imwe neimwe nzvimbo idzi kunoramba vakaongorora nenyanzvi muminda izvi, izvo kusarudza sei hombe pamutanhiko. Kana zvayo chikero chaizvoizvo kutyisa, mamiriro vachaudzwa kuti sachigaro UN Security Council. Pashure paizvozvo, sarudzo vachaitwa pamusoro zvichibvira zviito uye zviyero. Kana zvakakodzera, vachava zvaisanganisira uye mimwe miviri UN. Kuisa sangano - chokudzivirira nezvibvumirano. Zvose zvokushandisa zviyero enyika, ezvemitemo uye nedzenyu zvainanga kudzivisa kukakavadzana. The Security Council nokushingaira hunoita kuti kuyanana, runyararo uye dzimwe zviito chokudzivirira. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa munowanika kushanda zvokuyananisa anochengeta. Zviitiko zvakadaro panguva kuvapo United Nations areverera anopfuura makumi mashanu. Under OPM kunzwisisa sezvo chine nezviito asingasaruri muchiuto, mapurisa uye zvavo vashandi, zvainanga pakudzikamisa ezvinhu.

Kuongorora nokuiswa zvirango

The Security Council inosanganisira zvakawanda chikamu miviri. Ivo kutsivana kudzorwa UN zvirango. mitumbi izvi zvinogona kunzi Dare Council of Compensation Commission, Unokosha Commission pamusoro ezvinhu pakati Iraq uye Kuwait, Dare muYugoslavia, Libya, Somalia, Angola, Rwanda, Haiti, Liberia, Sierra Lion uye Sudan. Somuenzaniso, muna Southern Rhodesia nokungwarira kudzora zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu zvakakonzera kubviswa pakati musaruraganda hurumende uye kudzoka zvizvarwa muZimbabwe rusununguko. Muna 1980 nyika yakava nhengo UN. Kubudirira kudzoreka uye akaratidza pacharo kuSouth Africa, Angola uye Haiti. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuziva kuti mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvirango akava dzinoverengeka migumisiro yakaipa. Nokuti nyika dzakavakidzana matanho nevamwe UN akatendeuka zvinhu uye mari kukuvara. Zvisinei, pasina kupindira mamiriro kwaizoita kuti zvikuru mutsekwende yose, saka dzimwe mari zvikuru mhosva.

Mitemo maererano Charter Council

Pasinei chokuti dzimwe nguva migumisiro inogona kunyatsonanga pamakakatanwa, muviri UN inofanira kushanda pasina kuvhiringidzwa. Izvi yakasarudza ne Charter. Maererano naye, sangano kunodiwa nokukurumidza uye zvakanyatsonaka zvisarudzo. Nhengo imwe neimwe Security Council inofanira kuramba uchikurukura UN pakarepo aite mabasa ayo panjodzi. Musiyano uri pakati kumisangano Authority havafaniri kuva kwemavhiki anopfuura maviri. Dzimwe nguva mutemo uyu haakudzwi uchidzidzira. Maererano avhareji vanofungidzira kuti Security Council iri kuenda pamutemo zasedeny anenge makumi manomwe nekanomwe mugore.