The zvikamu munhoroondo - zviri chikamu murimi mudiki Holdings. The abolition pamusoro serfdom nenyika kuchinja mu Russia

The zvikamu munhoroondo - ndiko kuti chikamu nyika iyo, maererano ari murimi mudiki kuchinja munyika yedu vakadzokera shure kupinda nhaka landlords. Zvichienderana nzvimbo yacho abolition ose serfdom, nokuti mumaruwa uye musha nyika vanoshandisa kuisa vamwe chikamu vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Asi kana kwazvo akafanorongerwa mari, zvakawandisa tsvina kumakurukota.

General zvechadenga kuchinja

Muna 1861 zvakanzi yakaguma muna Russia serfdom. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti vanhuwo zvavo vakagamuchira rusununguko, ivo vari munyika dzakawanda vaiva akaoma nzvimbo pachinhu kunyika nyaya. The zvikamu munhoroondo - zviri chikamu hurumende itsva wokuti kuramba mamiriro ezvemari ari yagara kwamachinda. Pashure pezvose, kubva zvino, vakanga kunyimwa kwavo kwainyanya zvaivararamisa - Income uye mabasa pamwe murimi mudiki upfumi.

Saka, vakuru vakaungana kuti chipimo akadaro, kuti achengete kanenge dzimwe ropafadzo uye zvakanakira zvoupfumi. Uye ichi, chokwadi, dzakaipa kwazvo nezvainoita nezvenzvimbo yakananga zvokurima vaburitsi, vari kazhinji kunyimwa huru chikamu zvavo. The zvikamu munhoroondo - ichi zvimwe chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana Pakuurayiwa murimi mudiki kuchinja. Vakapona uchapupu kuti rudzi pachayo yakanga kazhinji haana kufara kusvika sezvo zvainge zvakakosha kunyange pachavo rusununguko sezvo pasi kwaari.

kuzvipokanidza

Nokudaro, kuchinja zvinhu 1861, nenhumbi dzayo dzakanaka kukosha, zvisinei yaiva imwe Vakaomerwa inokosha chaizvo: vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kunyimwa wokuronga. Nekuti zvokurima basa raiva hwaro chokuvapo kwavo, ivo pashure nezvenzvimbo rusununguko ndokugumira rebei kuvamirira. Uye vazhinji zvakatonyanya kuipa ezvinhu kupfuura kare. The zvikamu munhoroondo - ichi zvimwe ndiyo dzichipesana uye anenge nyaya panguva iyoyo vari kuchinja ino. Zvisinei, kana nzvimbo kirasi-mutongo vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata Varidzi vakanga ndakasimba, saka kuti navo tisingazivi kuti riripo.

Asi, pasinei zvokubvumira, kirasi iyi murombo kwazvo. Chiyero rakatorwa Hurumende, zvakanga hadzikwani kuti atsigire socio-oupfumi. Saka kubva zvino, muitiro nevazhinji impoverishment vaimbova varidzi huru. The zvakawanda saka nemhaka musimboti nezvenzvimbo zvikamu zvizhinji uye havana kunyange kunzwisisa. Izvi dzimwe nguva kushandiswa anobatsira zvikuru varimi avo vakakwanisa kuwana nyika, kana kuderedza mitoro saizi akapa kuvharirwa kwavo.

migumisiro

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti kuparadzira nyika yakanga isina achitsigira vanhuwo zvavo. Zvisinei, landlordism rakaonekwawo kupera, kunyange pamutemo uye pamutemo nevanokudzwa vachiri munzvimbo yeropafadzo chinzvimbo. Kunzwisisa kuti zvikamu zvakadai munhoroondo, hazvibviri pasina kufungisisa paaifanira zvepanyama Nzvimbo uye okunze munyika dzine iri kwokurangana.

Somuenzaniso, muna dema ivhu munzvimbo Varidzi yakatorwa varimi mugove guru panyika, nekuti munharaunda iyi, yakanga yakaorera. Rich vanokudzwa aigona kubvuta kunyange cheshanu kuti murombo chaizvo pamusoro nzvimbo mumusha uye nevagari vayo. Kazhinji, avhareji kukura mugove waiva maeka matatu nehafu yenyika. Izvi zvakanga asingasviki ari pre-kuchinja nguva. Sezvingatarisirwa, vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda asingafari. It akachengetedzwa kunyange uchapupu kuti vaida kuramba vari muhusungwa pane kunyimwa mari zvizere kuvapo.

Nyika gavhuna matambudziko

Saka, taita nemwi kuti zvikamu zvakadai. History, tsanangudzo iyi pfungwa, sezvo zvatakadzidza, ari zvakabatana chaizvo kuti murimi mudiki kuchinja. Rakanga vaifungidzira kuti pane zvakaitika Shongai zvegumi mashomanana kusimbiswa wokuyera, landlords kodzero kunyima varimi "mamwe" nharaunda. Kazhinji, izvi gumi muzana pfuma zvose zvaiva chaizvo mugove dzokumaruwa Varidzi.

Uyezve, paiva achiri chinetso ubvise rokurima. Aburuka Estates kazhinji wedged kupinda vanhuwo zvavo, nokusika nokuti kare dambudziko zvigare, shandisa Mafuro uye zvichingodaro. Nokuti izvi zvose, vakamanikidzwa kana kubhadhara muridzi, kana kubvarura Anofunga kana kuzadzikisa zvimwe pakumanikidzwa kodzero kushandisa kwokurangana.

Nyaya nhandare

Detailed kuongorora uye kududzirwa mubvunzo kuti chii tsanga munhoroondo Russia, zviri zvikuru kuti kunzwisisa post-kuchinja kukura zvokurima munyika zvarwo. Zvichida mugadziriro itsva pakutanga akazviuraya zvose landlordism uye murimi mudiki. Yokupedzisira, Chokwadi, zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa uye zvikuru ezvinhu akaoma nemhaka yokuti vanhu vakarasika kodzero kushandisa nyika: Mafuro, nzvimbo zvigare uye zvichingodaro. Zvino pano sanganisika rinoparadza wedged zvikamu nekuti kodzero kushandiswa iyo vanhuwo zvavo aifanira kubhadhara. Saka, mashoko zvakananga vaburitsi vakarasikirwa kwete chete nezvinhu zvavo zvinokosha, asi mamwe nyika mari.