The zvipenyu Basa amino acids vavo mafomu

Ndeipi zvipenyu kunoita amino acids? Ngatiedzei pamwe kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu. Ziva STRUCTURAL zviri boka Organic yeimwe, avo makemikari ehupfumi, chikuru munda chikumbiro.

nhoroondo mashoko

First rakavhurika amino iine acid glycine kwakanga. 1820 godu ake synthesized kubudikidza iine acid hydrolysis kuti gelatin. The vaziva amino iine acid Zvinoumba puroteni Morekuru kwaingova pezana remakore rapfuura, zvino chakaratidzwa amino asidhi - threonine.

zvinhu mabasa

Panguva iyoyo, pane vanenge 300 amino acids kuti mabasa akasiyana-siyana ari mumuviri.

Nderipi zvipenyu kunoita amino acids? Twenty vavo vanoonekwa mureza (proteinogenic), nokuti tiri nhengo chinoumba puroteni mamorekuru.

yeimwe ava chikamu zvimwe mapurotini. Oksiprilin hwaro collagen, elastin akaumba desmosine.

Vanogona kuva intermediates mu metabolic kwendangariro. Ndizvo mashandiro citrulline, ornithine.

The zvipenyu kushanda amino acids uye ndiye kwetunhu nucleotides, polyamides. The kabhoni cheni yacho yeimwe anoshandiswa kuumba mamwe makemikari zvinhu:

• Shuga iri synthesized kubva glucogenic amino acids;
• Lipids vari akaumba ketogenic yeimwe.

The chaivo basa amino acids ndiwo mukana kwavo kushandiswa nokuda kutsunga dzichipfekeka mapoka. Cysteine rinoshandiswa nokuda kuziva sulfate boka. Aspartate rinoshandiswa kuona amino boka.

Nomenclature Features

Sei nemazvo kuziva amino acids? The mamiriro, kupatsanura, utachiona basa yeimwe izvi vanoonekwa, kunyange kosi hweutungamiri.

Amino acids muri nomukaka zviri carboxylic acids, murwiyo imwe rehydrogen atomu kuchatsiviwa boka amino.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo dzichipfekeka mapoka rimwe remubatanidzwa kungava isomers anoverengeka. MaKemisiti vanoshandisa matatu chete akasiyana Nomenclature: zvakaringana, sezvisingakoshi, hurongwa.

Zvenhando mazita yeimwe aya chokuita kunobva kubva yavakanga dzoga. Serine rapinzwa sirika fibroin, glutamine inowanikwa gluten bota. Cystine aripo dundira mabwe.

zita kodzera Rinobatanidzwa ane carboxylic iine acid rinobva, uye chidimbu inoshandiswa chaiyo nzvimbo kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino acids ari puroteni Morekuru. In nemakemikari omuviri mazita sezvisingakoshi uye abbreviations pamusoro yeimwe izvi.

kupatsanura pakati amino acids

Kuti tinzwisise chii chaivo basa amino acids uye chikumbiro chavo, achagara pachigaro kupatsanura pakubhadhara ava Organic yeimwe.

Pari zvino, marudzi anoverengeka kupatsanura:

• nokuda kukuru;
• pamusoro mwero polarity;
• kuti musimboti kwetunhu pamuviri.

Maererano yakakura marongerwo rakasiyana-siyana amino acids voga makemikari kemisitiri.

The aliphatic yeimwe anogona ane rimwe carboxyl uye boka amino, umo nyaya ivo monoaminokarbonovymi yeimwe.

Apo mapoka maviri amino COOH uye makaseti zvokuvakisa dzinonzi monoaminodikarbonovymi zvinhu.

Uyewo secrete diaminomonocarboxylic uye diaminodikarbonovye amino asidhi fomu.

Cyclic marudzi akasiyana kwete chete kuwanda zvinogara, asiwo avo Qualitative sezvamunoita.

By Lehninger, kuti amino acids vari mapoka mapoka mana maererano peculiarities ari yeHydrocarbon yakakura maitiro nemvura:

• hydrophobic;
• hydrophilic;
• isakarurama - mhosva;
• chokwadi-mhosva.

Zvichienderana kukwanisa synthesize kuti amino asidhi mumuviri womunhu secrete zvinokosha (aite chikafu), uye kuchinjaniswa marudzi.

zvipenyu basa Arifa-amino asidhi kwave vaudzewo nokuongorora vakawanda yesayenzi.

mumuviri ehupfumi

The amino acids dzinoratidzwa? Nomenclature, zvivako uye utachiona basa yeimwe izvi runopiwa vakapedza kudzidza muzvikoro zviri vabatane nehurumende kuongorora zviri kemisitiri. Izvi Organic acids nyore soluble nemvura, ave utsotso pfungwa.

Manyiminya basa ravo nokuda pamberi ari mamorekuru ari asymmetric kabhoni atomu (chete kunze ndiye glycine). Ndokusaka L- uye D-stereoisomers ari amino acids dzawanikwa.

Isomers kuti L-dzakatevedzana dziri Zvinoumba mhuka mapuroteni. The chaiko hydrogen indekisi pamusoro yeimwe izvi iri kuwanda 5.5-7.

mushonga ehupfumi

Funga zvimwe amino acids. Mamiriro, makemikari ehupfumi, utachiona soMupi izvi Organic zvinhu vanofanira kuziva.

The specificity of makemikari zvivako zviri amino acids iri duality yavo. Amphoteric chikonzero ndiyo kuvapo mapoka maviri dzichipfekeka pamusoro Organic acids izvi.

Pamberi carboxyl boka COOH anoita yeimwe izvi ane acidic hunhu. Vaikurumidza vakaitei nemashoko zvinoshingaira nesimbi, zvinhu oxides, alkali. Uyewo acidity ehupfumi ava Organic yeimwe unoratidzwa esterification maitiro (pamwe alcohols kuumbika esters).

Amino acids zvinogona mishonga sei pamwe munyu inoumbwa simba chicherwa acids. Sezvo muenzaniso wakadaro zvinogona kunzi kubata pamusoro amino acids pamwe carbonates uye bicarbonates.

The chikuru ehupfumi vekirasi ichi vanofanira amino acids kukwanisa sei nevamwe acids panguva amino boka. In ichi kuumba munyu.

The chaivo basa decarboxylation pakati amino acids kuti vanoumba kwazvakarerekera ezvinhu yakachena zvakakwana vapenyu muviri.

Ninhydrin Muedzo kuziva amino acids mune mhinduro. Musimboti zvakaitwa ndechokuti Hauoneki mhinduro ine ninhydrin mu nekuita ane amino asidhi kuchaita dzora ari muchimiro dimer kuburikidza senitrogen atomu riri wakanamatira nokuda runoenzanirana amino acid.

The zvichiguma ruvara ane yakatsvukuruka Hue filoletovy Uyezve, decarboxylation pamusoro amino acids anowanika, zvichiguma nokuumbwa imwe aldehyde uye carbon monoxide (4).

It ninhydrin kuita rinoshandiswa zvinhu zvipenyu zviri kuongorora zvikuru mamiriro mapuroteni mamorekuru. Maererano ruvara kusimba anogona kuonekwa quantitative amino iine acid tigutsikane ari kwokutanga mhinduro, saka yakafanana ongororo iri richikoshawo apo chinozivisa amino asidhi wevasungwa.

chaicho siyana

The amino acids kunze carboxyl uye amino mapoka, ingasanganisira yokuwedzera dzichipfekeka mapoka. Nokuti nokutsunga kwavo pakutsvakurudza mumarabhoritari dzinoita Qualitative siyana.

Arginine vangazivikanwa ari musanganiswa nokuita Qualitative Sakaguchi maitiro (guanidine boka iri). Cysteine inogona pakutsvaga Foll, chaicho SH-mapoka.

nitration (ksantoproteinovaya maitiro) Zvakaitwa inoita kuti asimbise kuvapo ari musanganiswa inonhuwirira amino acids. Millon kuita kuti vasabatwa ane hydroxyl boka riri anonhuhwirira chindori tyrosine.

Zviri peptide chisungo

Chii chinoratidzwa nesarufa amino acids? Kwavakabva basa Rinobatanidzwa nokuumbwa mamorekuru ose peptides. In nesungano pakati morekuru vakawanda amino asidhi iri akatsemura kure mvura mamorekuru uye amino asidhi residues vachishandisa mumwe peptide (amide) chisungo kuumbika peptides.

Kuwanda amino asidhi residues kuti vanoumba polypeptide zvinosiyana zvikuru. peptides avo kuti ane hapana anopfuura gumi amino asidhi residues, anonzi oligopeptides. Zita zvichizoita yeimwe kazhinji dzinoratidza nhamba amino asidhi residues.

Kana murwiyo ane pfuma ine anopfuura gumi amino asidhi residues, ivo yeimwe dzinonzi polypeptides. Nokuti avo yeimwe kusanganisira avo amino asidhi residues pamusoro mashanu, nezvibereko zvomunda kwetunhu ane puroteni inonzi.

Saka, kemikari glyukagen, umo mamiriro pane 29 amino acids kuti nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu kudana kemikari. Amino asidhi residues kutanga monomers vaiona Organic acids izvo aumba kubva proteinaceous akakura.

The amino iine acid vakasara kuti chakanyorwa kuruboshwe, ane boka amino, rinonzi N-chinouraya kukamuka ane carboxyl boka, maererano C-chinouraya, kakawanda zvakanyorwa kurudyi.

Kana zita kunoguma polypeptide amino asidhi abbreviations anoshandiswa, izvo zvinonzi kuumbwa. Somuenzaniso, kana kudyidzana yakanga wakapindwa glycine, naSerine, alanine pacharo tripeptide uchaverenga glitsilserilalanin.

Kukosha zvimwe acids amino

Glycine (aminoacetic acid) iri anyatsoronga kuti kabhoni zvimedu zvinodiwa kuti paumbwe Chizenga, pyrrole, choline, nucleotides, uyewo nokuda kwetunhu creatine.

Serine kuripo pakati vanoshingaira nzvimbo pakati makemikari. Izvi amino asidhi zvinodiwa kwetunhu muitiro phosphoprotein (dzinongoitika mukaka casein).

Glucogenic asidhi aifanira kuumba yechipiri, tertiary nemamiriro puroteni Morekuru. remubatanidzwa ichi ndicho reactive dzichipfekeka boka, saka kuti nefuma nyore kaviri oxidation-rutapudzo pezvakaitwa, Anodzivira rinorema nesimbi sezvo insoluble yeimwe. Zvakanga iye anoshanda ari sulfate boka nomupi kudiwa kuti kwetunhu sarufa tubhokisi zvinhu.

mhedziso

Amino acids vari amphoteric Organic yeimwe izvo zvine chaivo kukosha. It amino asidhi residues ari kwetunhu kwacho vanoumba kutevedzana inova huru nemamiriro puroteni mamorekuru. Zvichienderana sei kunyatsotaura vakamiswa pamberi amino asidhi zvimedu synthesized mapuroteni chaicho zvipenyu muviri.