KuendaMirayiro

Theodosius, Genoese nhare. zvinokwezva Feodosia

Genoese nenhare - kunzwisisa rokudzivirira zvivako, yakavakwa muna Ages iri munharaunda guta akafanana Feodosia (Crimea). Zvakange vakasikwa XIV remakore.

Fort yakavakwa kudzivirira Republic of kuGenoa Kafa - zvikuru chikuru chengarava muCrimea. Nhasi, ari munyika ino iri dzakaitika uye mapurani chengetedza.

vashanyi vakawanda anodirana pano yokunakidzwa zvinoshamisa maonero masvingo vekare uye neshongwe, hwema kare, richipararira pano uye kunzwa zviri kuitika kuMiddle Ages. Ngatitore Kunyatsoziva nhoroondo nhare ichi guru.

Guta rekare Feodosiya. panotangira

Feodosia (Crimea) - guta rine nhoroondo kuti zvaiva zvinopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu emakore. It yakavakwa VI remakore BC. e. Greek Vagari. Pakutanga mashoko IV remakore BC yakava chikamu Bosporus mamiriro. Ipapo Theodosius uye vawana zita rayo iyezvino. It rinoshandurwa se "inopiwa naMwari."

Chido guta rakanga nokuda kwayo nenzvimbo chinzvimbo zvakanaka uye kuvapo muCrimea siyana mbishi zvinhu zvokutengeserana: shinda, hove, munyu, uchi uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodhura. nokukurumidza Theodosius rakavapo kuva raibudirira zvokutengeserana kugarwa uye mumwe mukuru nzvimbo wemuranda muCrimea.

Apo Greece yakapararawo, guta rave vakapfuura aidzorwa hweRoma, ivo Khazars, ari Byzantine Empire. Kusvika X remakore Theodosius akanga yasakara. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti nevaRoma mune avo zvokutengeserana zvengarava, yamunenge nokuda nzvimbo kupfuura Crimea. The Kuderera Theodosius akatungamirira vachirwisa uye vamwe anongofamba revanhu. Muzana XIII remakore guta aidzorwa Yechinwiwa Horde, uye akabva zvakatengwa vatengesi Genoese.

Genoese kumwedzi. Kutanga nenhare

Zvinonzi ikozvino vaiona zvikuru nokubudirira munhoroondo muguta Kaffa (Feodosia). Genoese nhare, nenzira, yakavakwa panguva.

Kuvamba maruva anogona kunzi anenge kusvikira pakati XIII remakore. Vatengesi Genoese, akapinda Gungwa Dema, wakaona makomborero dzakajeka yomunharaunda bay. On nzvimbo guta rekare vakaita basa kugarwa, yainzi Kafa. Uye nemhaka simba masvingo weConstantinople wadzikamisa zvose gungwa yenzira vaitungamirira kubva Mediterranean kusvika East.

Nokukurumidza, Feodosiya aiva huru Genoese nyika muna Crimea. Yaiva inokosha kupfuura nemunyika Trade Center. Kuburikidza Theodosius munyika European vakaunzwa kubva East furs uye gorosi, ndarama nemabwe anokosha, porcelain nezvinonhuhwira. Asi chikuru uye zvinobatsira zvikuru chigadzirwa, sapakutanga, nhamo, akasara varanda vazhinji.

Kazhinji, munguva iyi Theodosius raiva guta raibudirira. Vagari zvino kuverengwa mweya inenge 70,000. Taundi rine yemitambo uye mubhengi bazi, yakagadzirwa pachake mari yayo.

Kusikwa Genoese nhare

In pakati XIV Genoese nhare yakavakwa kudzivirira Kafa. Hakusi chete pfungwa yakajeka mhindu, asiwo vainyatsofarira weguta Kaffa (Feodosia). Genoese nhare yaiva chechipiri pakukura uye simba zvikuru Europe. It yaiva kumaodzanyemba kweguta, pamhenderekedzo Feodosia Bay. Akanga misara miviri kudzivirira midziyo: munhare - moyo wakakombwa - uye chokunze chikamu.

mukomberedzo Its akaverenga mamita anopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Chaiva shongwe anopfuura matatu. Sezvineiwo, mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva nezita zvaro. Under madziro wakakombwa raiva rakadzika, izvo vakasamushumira chete kudzivirira guta, asiwo wopedza mvura mugungwa.

Munhare yakavakwa pamusoro kumawere, izvo airidza basa zvikuru hurongwa unodzivirira. The mashoko ayo zvisikwa vakashanda reraimu, mined kubva mugungwa kana kubva kumakomo pedyo. The Kureba madziro kupfuura 700 M saizi yavo anopfuura 11 m, nohupamhi -. Zvinenge zviviri. Munhare yaiva Mumiriri Palace, veko papfuma, dare, uyewo mumatanda pamwe zvinodhura kunyanya zvinhu - furs, Rebvu, nezvishongo.

Uye kunyange zvazvo zvivako kwemazana emakore akawanda yaparadzwa, ose mugari Peninsula nokudada anogona kuudza kupi Genoese nhare, sezvo akasikwa.

Kukombwa Nhare Golden Horde mauto

Nesimba iri Datenroku chokuita chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa muEurope. Tiri kutaura hosha denda iro yakavapo 1347 - 1351 makore. Zvakatanga pamwe nokuti Golden Horde mauto, iyo inotungamirirwa Khan Dzhanibek, akaedza kubvuta vapfumi uye nokubudirira guta Kafa (Feodosia). Genoese nhare, katsamba akanga yakagadzirirwa kuti waigona kudzivisa chero kurwisa. Tatar vamabhiza chete akanga asingakwanisi kukunda masvingo marefu uye akasimba uye vanokwira pamusoro igoronga rakadzika vachera pamberi pavo. In Djanibek akaramba tariro imwe - kutora vagari pasi. Kukombwa ari eMongolia Genoese aigona kugara kwemwedzi yakawanda muna Crimea, dai zvisina zvaisiririsa.

Kupisa Zhizha kukundikana zvinoenderana zvikuru utsanana zvinodiwa, uyewo kuunganidza akawandisa varwi wakatsamwisa yatanga denda pakati nharirire. Zvadaro, kuti andobata nhare Dzhanibek akarayira kuti uchatamisa muviri vakafa kuburikidza masvingo. Muguta nechirwere inotanga. Achiziva zvaiitika, vakapfuma vatengesi Genoese (kwaiva muguta rinenge chiuru) muchivande akasiya Cafu uye akaenda kumba.

Vagari yasara mukuedza nokukurumidza kusiya Munzvimbo iyi, vakamhanyira kuvhura masuo hedu. Zvisinei, Khan Dzhanibek kudzivisa kupararira denda muuto rake, haana kupinda muguta, uye vakamusiya, kwete kunyange akavharwa. Zvichakadaro Genoese akauya kumba, akasiya chirwere chakaipisisa mumaguta ose apo chete chemabhazi. Zvakaguma anotyisa kuti nhoroondo yose Europe denda, urwo rwakatora makore anopfuura matatu uye vakauraya, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira kota pahafu zvachose Vagari yacho.

Vamwe munyika uye guta dongo zvachose. chifo ichi chinorondedzerwa mumabhuku mabasa mazhinji, kusanganisira "Decameron" by Boccaccio.

Genoese nhare ari XV - XIX emakore

Pakupera ari XV remakore Theodosius yakatorwa ne mauto hweOttoman. The vokuTurkey akaparadza guta rokutanga, uye ipapo vakavakazve nayo uye zita. Zvino akanzi Kef. The guta rakava chikuru dzokutengeserana chengarava of wokuTurkey. Pano yaiva yakakurumbira musika wevaranda akapoteredza kuchamhembe Black Sea nemhenderekedzo.

Muna 1616 nhare akanga yaaigara Zaporozhye Cossacks rinotungamirirwa Petra Sagaydachnogo. Vakakurumidza akakunda ravarwi simba uye akasunungura vasungwa.

Sezvo kuguma XVIII remakore Theodosius vaiva Russian Empire.

Muzana XIX remakore, Castle rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose. Uye, oddly zvakakwana, chikonzero ichi akanga asiri hondo uye kukombwa. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva iyoyo akanga asina zvinhu dzimba nezvimwe ezvirevo. Vagari vemo vaifanira nekukatanura Ages nhare kushandisa ibwe iri.

Nhare XX remakore

Muna 1920, yakanga pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa simba Soviet muguta. Theodosius (Genoese nhare pamwe chete), pasinei kuparadzwa, vakaramba kuchengeta kungoda ekare simba rayo.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II zvikuru muguta, uye nayo - uye masvingo yekare, yakaparadzwa nemauto German.

Mushure vaimbopota Theodosius akawana chinzvimbo yacho yokuzororera. Matongo kunge anokwezvwa vashanyi vanobva munyika yacho yose.

Genoese nhare nhasi

Nhasi nhare iri kushanda vakachengetedzwa. Zvose zvakanga zvasara izvozvo - uye kumaodzanyemba kumadokero rusvingo wenhare, imwe shongwe shoma akapararira muguta. Uyewo nechepakati chikamu akachengetedzwa mamwe machechi, Turkish dzokugezera uye bhiriji.

Pasinei nokuti Genoese nhare Feodosia kwete yakakurumbira sezvo Sudak, nhasi zviri nzvimbo yakakurumbira rwendo. Zvichida nokuti kuti zvivako havasi pasi kudzorerwa, uye vakakwanisa kuchengeta wechokwadi, isingaenzaniswi mweya kare uye neMiddle Ages. Uye nei anoyevedza Genoese nhare. Mufambi Reviews dzinoratidza kuti chinhu chinoshamisa uye rakasiyana nharaunda umo uchida kudzokera zvakare uye zvakare.

Sei ikoko?

Nhasi, zvichida, mumwe nomumwe kuguta anogona kuudza kupi Genoese nhare nyore. Tour anogona kutanga zvakanaka kubva kuchiteshi nharaunda, achitarisa neshongwe Constantine iri ikoko. Kuti tiwane Zvisaririra rekare wenhare ari nyore chaizvo - chete kubvunza chero waipfuura wainzi uko Genoese nhare.

How kuwana motokari? Unogona kuwana ikoko chomuruki nebhazi №1 kumusika. Kana unogona kufamba - zvinotora zvishoma pane hafu yeawa, asi vacharamba chiitiko inofadza zvikuru. Kupfuudza Gorky Street. Pashure akatendeuka kuruboshwe kare uye achava kuonekwa kune Genoese yemauto. Login kana panzvimbo, masuo zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, asi rokuongorora zvakanaka kutanga zvikuru zambuko, ane kwazvo maonero mumupata.

Nhare Feodosia uye nounyanzvi

Vakapfeka zuva Theodosia anokwezvwa vanhu vakawanda vakakurumbira. Asi iye akarumbidza kwayo nyika yakakurumbira painter, zvomumvura rokupenda Ivan Aivazovsky. Pano ndinosarudza kuzorora Anton Chekhov. In Feodosia akararama Osip Mandelstam uye Aleksandr achisekerera. Nenzira, pano zvakanyorwa noruoko rwake "Kupererwa pamusoro Waves".

Other akachengetedzwa nenhare kuCrimea

Masvingo mu Feodosia - hazvina chete Genoese nhare Crimea. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, vatengesi, vachitsvaka zvakazara anopamba gungwa migwagwa, simbisa maguta akasiyana. Mumwe Zvivako unodzivirira zvakadaro vakapona zvakanaka chaizvo, uye kunokwezva vashanyi vakawanda nhasi. Ko zita reguta iyo Genoese nhare? Sudak.

Tikiti mutengo rubles anenge 150-160. Kunyange zvayo chinokosha ndechokuti anenge chinhu chakasara, rusvingo kuvaka uye zvino akarova rayo UKURU uye inaccessibility, akamira zvakajeka pamusoro pakanyorwa bay. Nhare Sudak, kana, sezvo zvakanga iyoyo, muna Sughd yakavakwa gare gare kupfuura Feodosia. Nhasi hunhu chengetedza. Zvakanyanyokosha kuenda ikoko August - panguva chaiyo nguva munhare, zvakawanda joust, zvisingaperi inopfuura vhiki.

Chiizve kuona Feodosia?

Medieval nhare - iyi hadzina mukuru, asi kwete chete kuzvikudza Feodosia. Pakati pezvimwe zvakafanana yakanaka zvinobvira kuona rakasiyana maberere emifananidzo kubudikidza Aivazovsky, aendesa yokudhirowa rokumusha.

Imwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa - imba-museum of Green, apo munyori taigara. Nyika renyaya anoshamisa anosikwa muchimiro ngarava. Uye, chokwadi, usakanganwa hwakawanda zvivako namatsime, mamiziyamu uye mapindu kuti vashongedze chiso guta rino zvikuru.

Theodosius akanaka, uyewo akachengetedzwa zvasara yekare Genoese wakakombwa. yekare inexpressible yakapoteredza inoita mwoyo vakarova nokukurumidza uye anoita munhu risingadzivisiki uchida kudzokera kuguta iri rinonakidza.

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