Balmont rokusika pfupi. Features okugadzira zvinhu Balmont

Kujairika nokuda wokuScotland zita Russian vamuwanazve kuburikidza madzitateguru kure - the kuzvikepe, nokukanda Mbambo ake ose nemhenderekedzo Pushkin uye Lermontov. Okugadzira zvinhu Balmonta Konstantina Dmitrievicha muSoviet yaitonga akanga akanganwa zvikonzero pachena. Country sando nembezo aisada creators kushanda kunze pamusoro mugovanisi realism, izvo Rwonzi asina kutepfenyurwa pamusoro hondo pakati magamba hondo uye basa ... Zvichakadai, mudetembi, ndine tarenda chaizvoizvo zvikuru, ane chete melodic nhetembo akaramba tsika yakaisvonaka nhetembo, kunyora nhetembo kwete mapato, uye navanhu.

"Sikai nguva dzose, nguva dzose kuita ..."

A Nhaka akasiya isu Balmont vhoriyamu zvakakwana uye anoyevedza: mabhuku 35 nhetembo uye mabhuku 20 prose. nhetembo dzake dzakanga vayemurwe nevamwe zvakanaka mabhii munyori. Konstantin Dmitrievich akanyora zvakawanda, asi haana "ukuye mitsetse" uye kwete tichiita optimizing rugwaro pamwe vakawanda padzimwe. nhetembo dzake nguva dzose akanyorwa rokutanga kuedza, kamwe. About sei akasika nhetembo Balmont akaudza zvachose yepakutanga - detembo.

Zvataurwa hakusi kuwedzeredza. Mihail Vasilevich Sabashnikov, umo mudetembi paaigara 1901, anoyeuka kuti vakawanda mitsetse iye rakavapo mumusoro mangu uye akanyora papepa nhetembo kamwe, asina kuchinja. Mubvunzo ndewokuti sei kuzviita, Konstantin Dmitrievich akapindura ane nokubvisa achinyemwerera: "Handiti, I - mudetembi!"

tsananguro pfupi okugadzira zvinhu

Mabhuku nevatsoropodzi, connoisseurs basa rake, kutaura pamusoro maumbirwo, kumuka uye kuderera pamusoro zvakadini mabasa akaita Balmont. Brief Biography uye mabasa tiratidzei Zvisinei, kune zvinoshamisa kuita (akanyora ose zuva, uye nguva dzose pamusoro chero paangodira).

Zvikuru nevakawanda kuunganidza mabasa Balmont nyanduri vakura kuti nhetembo "Rudo Only," "Regai Sun", "zvivako unopfuta." dzakaunganidzwa "Kunyarara" inomira pakati tanga mabasa.

Bal'mont Creation (zvishoma achitaura mabhuku XX remakore kutanga) ari nekutambira vakawanda yokuda attenuation tarenda munyori (pashure pamusoro matatu akaunganidzwa) anewo dzakatevedzana "maburi". Chinokosha "Fein dzechembere" - cute nziyo zvevana zvakanyorwa manyorerwo, gare gare kuitwa ne Korney Chukovsky. Uyewo kufarira "asina musoro nhetembo," akasika pfungwa nezvaakaona pavaifamba muIjipiti uye Oceania.

Biography. udiki

baba vake, Dmitry K., aiva chiremba nyika, uye aivawo munhu wemunda. Amai, Vera (Nee kuna Lebedev), rokusika zvisikwa, maererano nyanduri, "akaita zvakawanda kuti urere rudo nhetembo uye mumhanzi" kupfuura vadzidzisi vose vaivapo. Constantine aiva mumhuri kuti aitofanira vana vanomwe, vose mwanakomana wechitatu - vanakomana.

Konstantin Dmitrievich akanga akasiyana, rinokosha Dao (maonero upenyu). Kwete mukana upenyu uye basa Balmont titsigire. In ake pauduku okugadzira zvinhu simba wakaradzikwa, iri richiratidzwa uchidzamisa maonero.

Ake muduku risina utano shkolyarstvo uye uchitsigira. Romanticism kazhinji yokutanga pamusoro pfungwa. School (varume Shuiskys Tsarevich Alexei chesekondari), haana apedza odzingwa mugwaro 7th kuita echimurenga yeChina. Wokupedzisira chesekondari vakapedza kudzidza Vladimir jimunasiyamu pasi wachi kutarisira mudzidzisi. Vadzidzisi vaviri chete, iye akazoti nokuonga: mudzidzisi nhoroondo uye jogirafi, uye mutauro Arts mudzidzisi.

Ndadzidza kwegore pa Moscow University, iye akanga pekuwanikwa "kuronga mhirizhonga," ipapo akanga adzingwa Demidov Lyceum muna Yaroslavl ...

Sezvaunogona kuona, hazvisi nyore kuti akatanga enhetembo basa rake Konstantin Balmont. Biography uye kushanda nayo kure ndiyo nyaya kusanzwisisana mabhuku nevatsoropodzi.

unhu Balmont

Unhu Konstantina Dmitrievicha Balmonta rakanyatsojeka kunzwisisa. Akanga asina 'kufanana vose. " Exclusivity ... Inogona kunyange kuona mufananidzo Nyanduri, tichitarisa ake, pamusoro mamiriro. Zviri pakarepo pachena: pamberi pedu harisi journeyman, uye tenzi wenhetembo. unhu hwake aiva inopenya uye anokwezva. Raiva zvinoshamisa makemikari munhu, upenyu uye kushanda Balmont akafanana chete dzinokaroparuka rakafuridzirwa.

Akatanga kunyora nhetembo mumakore 22 (zvichienzaniswa Lermontov yokutanga nziyo zvakanyorwa nemakore 15). Izvi zvisati zvaitika, sezvo isu munotoriziva, zvakanga kukwana dzidzo, uyewo akatadza wanano mwanasikana Shuya mugadziri ndapedza Vachiedza kuzviuraya (mudetembi nepahwindo 3 mapuriro paguva rakarongwa.) Kuti precipitate anoita Balmont akasunda nokuvhiringidzirwa upenyu hwemhuri uye rufu rwomwana yokutanga kubva yomumuzongoza. mudzimai wake wokutanga Garelina Larisa Mihaylovna, bottichellievskogo yakanaka chiso features, atambudzwa naye negodo, kushaya nepakati, uye kuzvidza hope mabhuku makuru. Manzwiro nokuvhiringidzika (uye gare gare - kubva kurambana) nomudzimai wake, iye akarisasa ari nhetembo "fema rako anonhuwira pamafudzi ..." "Kwete, handina munhu akaita zvakaipa zvikuru ..." "Oh, mukadzi, mwana, vakajaira kutamba ..".

nokuzvidzora dzidzo

Sei wechiduku Balmont, vachiva wakakodzera kuvimbika dzidzo vakaraswa, vakatendeuka maumbirwo womunhu, ideologist zvitsva mabhuku sangano? Ichitaura pachake sezvo Konstantin Dmitrievich, pfungwa dzake kamwe "pachirauro" mumwe evasingatombonamati British mot - selfhelp (selfhelp). Self-dzidzo. Zvakanga nokuti Konstantin Dmitrievich springboard kune ramangwana ...

Kuva pachisikirwo chaiye zvakaoma mushandi mudanga, Konstantin Dmitrievich haana vakatevera chero zvokunze hurongwa zvavakatemwa pamusoro payo kubva kunze uye mutorwa kuna pezvawakaita. Balmont okugadzira zvinhu rwunokwanisa kwakavakirwa ake chido nokuzvidzora dzidzo uye kubudirana pachena kuti ruzivo. Akave nokukwezvwa mabhuku, philology, nhoroondo, uzivi, umo aiva chaiyeiye. Aida kuenda.

The kutanga okusika nzira

Romantic kwemanyorero, yokusafa Fet, Nadson uye Pleshcheyev haana kuva mugumo pachayo nokuda Balmont (70-80-ies ari XIX remakore, vadetembi vakawanda kusika nhetembo pamwe motifs yokusuwa, kusuwa, kupinduka pinduka, vakasurukirwa). Akakumbira Konstantin Dmitrievich rwakagadzirira nzira yokuti okufananidzira. iye About ichi akanyora pava paya.

unconventional kuzviremekedza

Unconventional kuzviremekedza anosarudza hunhu okugadzira zvinhu Balmont. zvechokwadi yaiva murume anoita shoko. Nyanduri. Uye nyika wakaziva saizvozvo sezvo inogona kuona nyanduri kwete ongororo uye pfungwa, uye kuvimba chete pamusoro Anotarira kunzwa. "The kufamba chokutanga mweya - wechokwadi" - payo kazhinji kwakashanda naye, wakange dzetsika dzemagariro upenyu hwake hwose. It akamumisa dzakakwirira okugadzira zvinhu, uye zvakare chakazokanganisa tarenda rake.

Romantic gamba Balmont pakutanga nguva basa rake vakazvipira tsika dzechiKristu. Ari kuedza mubatanidzwa yakasiyana ruzha uye pfungwa, erects "kukosha chapel."

Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti pasi pokudzora dzokushanya ake, 1896-1897 gg., Uyewo shanduro wokumwe nhetembo Balmont zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika rakasiyana kunzwisisa nyika.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti nokudzokorora kudanana werudzii vadetembi mutauro wokuRussia 80th. Balmont akatanga basa zvishoma achionga kuti, tinogona kutaura kuti ndiye muvambi kwokufananidzira mune Russian nhetembo. Zvinokosha kuti nyanduri wacho inotungamirwa nguva vaiona nhetembo kuunganidza "Kunyarara" uye "Kuwanda."

maonero ake pamusoro Chirevo akataura muna 1900 munyaya "Elementary shoko pamusoro wokufananidzira nhetembo." Symbolists, kusiyana realists maererano Balmont - hazvina chete vacherechedzi, ndivo vanofunga, vari kutarisa nyika nepahwindo hope dzake. Panguva iyoyowo Balmont anowana mu zvokufananidzira nhetembo inokosha Misimboti "abstraction yakavanzwa" uye "pachena runako."

By pezvawakaita, harisi kuchena negonzo, uye mutungamiriri Balmont. Brief Biography uye basa kuzosimbisa ichi. Simba rerunziro rinozvarwa uye chido rusununguko ... unhu aya akwanise naye yepamusoro kukurumbira "kuva muzinda kukwezvana" nokuti makambani akawanda balmontistov Russia. Maererano netsamba Ehrenburg (akanga atova Horad Papera), unhu Balmont mwoyo kunyange anozvikudza vokuParis kubva mufashoni kudunhu Passy.

New nhetembo mapapiro

Balmont kudanana mudzimai wake weramangwana wechipiri Ekaterinu Alekseevnu Andreevu vari peziso. danho iri ake upenyu inoratidza muunganidzwa nhetembo "In Nokuwanda kwakaita." Poems vakazvitsaurira kuna yake yakawanda uye yepakutanga, "Black-nondo", "Seiko isu nguva dzose doro mwedzi?", "Usiku Flowers".

Lovers vakararama kwenguva refu muna Europe, uye ipapo, vadzokera kuMoscow, Balmont muna 1898 aburitswa kuzivisa imba "chinyavada" dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo, "Kunyarara." The muunganidzwa nhetembo pashure ane epigraph, vakasarudzwa kubva mabasa Tiutchev: "Pane imwe nguva kwenyika runyararo." The nhetembo mairi muzvikamu 12 anonzi "lyrical nhetembo." Konstantin Dmitrievich, rakafuridzirwa theosophical dzidziso Madame Blavatsky, atova muunganidzwa iyi nhetembo yekudyidzana paunobuda kubva maonero echiKristu.

Kunzwisisa basa nyanduri ari unyanzvi hwake

MuThe "Kunyarara" anova chinhu chinosiyanisa Balmont somunhu nyanduri, vanozviti Chirevo. Kukudziridza mberi kuti akagamuchira Vector unyanzvi, Konstantin Dmitrievich akanyora nyaya vanoda "Kalderonovskoy Drama of unhu", izvo zvisina kunanga takarurama kwake kubva dzekare womuenzaniso yechiKristu. Izvi zvakaitwa, sezvo nguva dzose, nenzira yokufananidzira. upenyu hwepasi pano akasarangarira "rinooma kubva chiedza Source First."

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky Zvimwe akapa zvinhu okugadzira zvinhu Balmont, ake romunyori maitiro. Aidavira kuti "Ini", rakanyorwa Balmont, pfungwa hariratidzi chavanopinda kuti nyanduri, zvinonzi - pakutanga socialized. Naizvozvo, ndima Konstantin Dmitrievich rakasiyana nemamwe wayo soulful lyricism, akaratidza vafunga pachake nevamwe kuti muverengi nguva dzose anonzwa. Kuverenga nhetembo ake, zvinoita sokuti Balmont uzere nechiedza uye simba, yaakanga kakawanda anoudzawo vamwe:

Chii Balmont inopiwa netariro kuzviremekedza rudo, zviri chaizvoizvo zvikuru altruistic kupfuura Chiitiko evoruzhinji kuratidzwa kuzvikudza vadetembi dhigirii dzavo, uyewo paruzhinji akarembera laurels dzavo pachavo Parizvino.

Creation Bal'mont zvishoma Annensky mashoko, zvine achitaurwa nevanopinda paro womukati polemizmom kwouzivi kusarudza kuvimbika mafungiro. Izvi runoratidzwa pakuti Balmont anoda kupa muverengi chiitiko chinoratidza: kubva nzvimbo kuuraya, uye nemaonero rechipfuwo. Haana kuva inonzwisisika tinyatsonzwisisa chinhu, yakanga pakutanga dzinoratidzwa muzvizhinji maonero. Akauya kuonga tarenda rake uye basa rakaoma kwaari, kuti remakore mberi nguva apo dzakabudirira, ndiro razova ndozvakajairwa evanhu kuziva.

Sunny shasha

A nyanduri Balmont akasiyana. Kutaura zvazviri, Konstantin Dmitrievich pamutemo ndekwaMwari dzenzvimbo zvakasiyana, saka zvaiva nyore kuti pfungwa dzavo itsva wokufananidzira, kushaya yaakanga ndambonakidzwa. Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore XIX pamwe nemabasa mudetembi metamorphosis kunoitika: zviri fleetingness pakati kuora mwoyo uye netariro kupa nzira kuzuva.

Dzinonzi, ndiro vaifungidzira kuti manyorero umo Konstantin Dmitrievich akanyora nhetembo, vaiva enhetembo chokubuda okufananidzira.

Kana ari kwokutanga mundima pamusoro Nietzsche kurondwa mafungiro, ipapo panguva kukwirira tarenda, okugadzira zvinhu Konstantin Balmont akanga akasiyana chaizvo munyori wacho netariro uye "mushana", "moto".

Alexander Blok, uyo ane Symbolist nyanduri, akapa mufananidzo wakajeka okugadzira zvinhu Balmont kuti nguva chaizvo muchidimbu nokutaura kuti rinongova hunotiyeuchidza uye upenyu-Richisimbisa, kufanana chitubu.

Yepamusoro masimba ake okusika

Enhetembo chipo Balmont yakarira kokutanga zvizere simba riri nhetembo kubva kuunganidzwa "Zvivako kutsva." It 131 detembo yakanyorwa nomudetembi paaigara muimba Polyakova S. V.

Vose zvavo, sezvo aiti nomudetembi, zvakanyorwa pasi pokudzora "mafungiro" (nemamwe mazwi, uye haana kufunga Balmont okugadzira zvinhu). "A nhetembo kuvazve muduku!" - I akasarudza Balmont. Kutanga kubva muunganidzwa ichi, akapedzisira akafamba kubva decadence. Nyanduri, noushingi kuedza mubatanidzwa ruzha, mavara uye pfungwa, nokusika "mashoko orwiyo mweya ano," "mweya zvakabvaruka," "mufaro, kushata."

Panguva iyoyo akanga ari pedyo nevanhu St. Petersburg muBohemia. Catherine A. aiziva chinetso murume wake. Haana kugona kunwa waini. Apo Konstantin Dmitrievich akanga akasimba, wiry nomuviri, ake tsinga (pachena overstrained sezvinoita mwana uye sezvo jaya) "moto" kusina kukwana. Pashure mhosva nayo "reeked" pamusoro dzepfambi. Zvisinei, somugumisiro, aizviwana mu zvikuru ezvinhu anosuruvarisa: avete pasi uye mitezo yakadzika chemaneka. Zvino kupfuura kamwe munguva kuita "rinopfuta chivako" paaiva boka Baltrušaitis uye Polyakov.

Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna Catherine Alekseevna, yepanyika muchengeti mutumwa wake. Akanzwisisa hunhu wake, anonzi nokutendeka, uye ndiani, kwaari agumbuke, paiva enganonyorwa. Somuenzaniso, sezvo pamwe Dagny Christensen muParis, akatsaurira kuti nhetembo "Sun basa", "Kubva worudzii mambo." Zvinokosha kuti kudanana vaine vomuNorway, uyo akashanda ari dzomupepanhau ST Petersburg, yakaguma ne Balmont sezvo payakakurudzirwa sezvo kwakanga kwatanga. Pashure pezvose, mwoyo wake achiri aiva mumwe mukadzi - Ekaterine Andreevne, Beatrice, sezvo akaritumidza.

Muna 1903, Konstantin Dmitrievich asiri akanga rakabudiswa dzakaunganidzwa "Regai Sun", zvakanyorwa muna 1901-1902. Inogona kuona ruoko tenzi. Cherechedza kuti kubudikidza kusenza haana vakapfuura anenge 10 zvidimbu. A nyanduri Balmont, maererano censors, zvakanga zvakare nyama uye anonyadzisira.

Zvisinei, mabhuku vatsoropodzi, tenda kuti muunganidzwa ichi mabasa yokumiririra vaverengi cosmogonic muenzaniso nyika testamendi itsva, pamusoro-ichasimudzirwa kukura Nyanduri. Vava kuda mupfungwa yokumbozorora pandaishanda pamusoro yapfuura kuunganidzwa, Konstantin Dmitrievich, aiita kunzwisisa kuti "bope kurarama" hazviiti. Mudetembi anoshandira chokwadi pa panosangana chiHindu, zvechihedheni uye chiKristu. Kunoratidza ayo kunamata zvinhu zvakagara: moto ( "Hymn yeMoto"), mhepo ( "Wind"), gungwa ( "Mhosva Yacho Kuna penyanza"). Muna 1903, kuti kuzivisa imba "Nhamo" rakabudiswa bhuku wechitatu, yokupedzisira yepamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Balmont, "rudo Only. Semitsvetnik ".

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Inscrutable inzira okugadzira zvinhu. Kunyange vadetembi akadaro "nyasha dzaMwari," sezvo Balmont. Upenyu uye basa muchidimbu kurondedzerwa kwaari pashure 1903 mune rimwe shoko - ". Kudzikira" Naizvozvo, Alexander Blok, chaizvoizvo kuva inotevera mutungamiriri Russian Chirevo, warwo kuongororwa mberi (pashure rinonzi "Rudo Only"), okugadzira zvinhu Balmont. Akauya mhinduro yake mhondi, achiti kuti pane mukuru Russian mudetembi Balmont, uye "Balmont idzva" - kwete.

Zvisinei, pasina kuva mabhuku nevatsoropodzi wekupedzisira remakore, tichiri makagamuchira Kunyatsoziva mabasa mukupera Konstantin Dmitrievich. mutongo wedu: munokosha kuverenga, pane zvakawanda zvinonakidza ... Zvisinei, hatina vavariro kuti kubatwa tsanga yomunyu mashoko Bloc. Zvechokwadi, kubva pfungwa nemaonero mabhuku paunotsoropodzwa sezvo nyanduri Balmont - mureza Chirevo, pashure rinonzi "Only Love. Semitsvetnik "neta pacharo. Saka, zvine musoro kubva kurutivi yedu nechouno uye kupedza pfupi nyaya youpenyu uye nebasa K. D. Balmonta, "zuva shasha" wokuRussia nhetembo.