Tsandanyama muviri; mazita uye mabasa

Tsandanyama kuridza basa rinokosha muviri - ichi chikamu chinoshanda yedu zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. Pusa chikamu kunobvumirwa fascia, nemarunda uye mapfupa. Of tsandanyama rinenge vanoumbwa zvose zviri skeletal tsandanyama: kuti mutumbi, musoro uye maoko nemakumbo. marwadzo avo kunoitika randomly.

Tsandanyama of hunde uye maoko nemakumbo, uyewo tsandanyama ari musoro, akapoteredzwa fascia - connective tishu membranes. Vakafukidza nzvimbo muviri uye inowana zita rayo (bandauko fascia, muchipfuva, hudyu, honokono, uye vamwe.).

About 40% of zvachose guru muviri vanoumba vakura skeletal tsandanyama. In vana, ivo pamusana anenge 20-25% kurema muviri, uye vakwegura - kusvikira 25-30%. Muviri womunhu chete anenge 600 skeletal zvakasiyana tsandanyama. Ivo vakakamurwa nzvimbo pamusoro tsandanyama kwemitsipa, nomusoro, okumusoro migumo uye hunde (ichi zvinosanganisira renyu abdominal tsandanyama, chipfuva uye musana). Ngationei vanogara zvekare. Tichakurukura kutsanangura mashandiro tsandanyama ari hunde, mupe zita neimwe.

bhokisi tsandanyama

Segmental mamiriro anoramba akarara pakadzika tsandanyama muchipfuva nzvimbo, uyewo marangwanda kusango. The matatu akaturikidzana dziri pano hunde tsandanyama:

1) zvemukati intercostal;

2) panze intercostal;

3) ari lateral chipfuva tsandanyama.

The diaphragm iri operably chokuita navo.

Intercostal tsandanyama yomukati dzokunze

Intercostal tsandanyama dziri pamusoro kunze ari intercostal dzezvimwe ari nerumbabvu shwashwa kusvika nomuzongoza. Fibers vaende kubva pamusoro pasi uye mberi. Sezvo simba mhikuriso (mhikuriso ruoko) Hwakareba panzvimbo kuda zviri tsandanyama kupfuura pakutanga kwayo, tsandanyama apo mukuderedza Simudza mbabvu. Saka, lateral uye anteroposterior mirayiridzo anowedzera Vhoriyamu thorax. tsandanyama ava pakati inokosha rakafuridzirwa. Most dorsal matanda avo kuti kubva tinobva thoracal vertebrae (transverse dzavo pezvakaitwa) vari dzinounzwa sezvo vachisimudza rumbabvu netsandanyama.

Internal intercostal kugara vanenge 2/3 of Anterior intercostal nzvimbo. fibers dzavo dzinomhanyira kubva pasi uye mberi. Kuderedza, anopa richikwidibira rumbabvu uye nokudaro kufambisa nedzinovengwa, kuderedza kukura muchipfuva kwevanhu.

Lateral bhokisi mhasuro

It riri mubhokisi rusvingo mukati maro. Zvinoita kuderedza nedzinovengwa.

Muna 3 intersecting mirayiridzo vari internet pachipfuva tsandanyama. mamiriro kwakadaro kunoita kuti nenzvimbo pechipfuva rusvingo.

diaphragm

Midriff (diaphragm) unoparadzanisa kubva thoracal abdominal mhango. Kunyange nguva yokutanga embryo kukura, tsandanyama ichi chakaumbwa kubva remuromo myotomes. Iye anochinja pamwe kukura mumapapu uye mwoyo, asi asingaiti kutora nzvimbo yechigarire iri-mwedzi 3 mudumbu. Aperture Nzvimbo Bookmarks maererano yaipiwa pamwe tsinga, izvo mapazi remuromo plexus. Iye zvakaumbwa ainge akamonererwa kuita raundi. The diaphragm ine tsandanyama fibers kutanga panguva sekamufarenzi ari pasi hwomukova rakamiswa ari thorax. Ipapo kufamba pamusoro rising mudzira inoremekedzwa musimboti. Zvinowanikwa mumwoyo ichi srednelevoy rising. The midriff ndivo makomba kuburikidza iyo yegurokuro, yeropa, node mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka, tsinga, tsinga hunde dzacho. Ndicho huru kufema tsandanyama. Kana diaphragm ipfupi, havachakoshesi rising uye thorax kunowedzera wehunyambiri divi. Light Saka mechanically rwakatambanudzwa uye pane mweya.

Chest tsandanyama basa

Sezvaunogona kuona, chikuru kushanda tsandanyama pamusoro apa, zviri kubatanidzwa mune kufema mashandiro. Mweya kukonzera avo kuti awedzere Vhoriyamu pachipfuva. Iye aakaitira vanhu vakasiyana kana kunyanya nokuda diaphragm (anonzi abdominal kufema), kana nokuda zvokunze intercostal tsandanyama (thoracal mhando kufema). Mhando idzi dzinogona kushanduka, havana zvachose kugara. Tsandanyama zvinobatsira kuderedza vhoriyamu pechipfuva, vari kusashanda chete kana simba nedzinovengwa. Nedzinovengwa Kazhinji yakakwana mapurasitiki ehupfumi, ine pacharo thorax.

Other bhokisi tsandanyama

Kubva kumucheto sternum, clavicle uye sternum shwashwa chikamu shanu kana matanhatu okumusoro micheto zvinobva pectoralis zvikuru. Zvinonzi vasiyana humerus, kubva pakati penyika yacho zvikuru tuberosity. Pakati paro, uye tsandanyama mudzira chinhu bursa. Muscle, nokuveza, proniruet anotungamirira papfudzi rake, kudhonza iye mberi.

Under kukuru pectoral tsandanyama iri diki. Rinotanga kubva wechina yechipiri mbabvu machira kuti coracoid uye kuminyuka bandauko chipasa mugwara downwardly uye forwardly panguva rutapudzo.

The serratus Anterior tsandanyama zvinobva kuruoko mbabvu wechipiri uye rechipfumbamwe meno mapfumbamwe. Zvinonzi chokuita scapula (medial pamupendero wayo ezasi pakona). With yokupedzisira akabatanidza unorema matanda aro. Muscle apo kuderedza chipande vakatama mberi, uye rezasi ayo angled - outwards. Chipande pakudaro rotates kunhivi sagittal akabatana, asi lateral mapfupa angled rinobuda. Kana ruoko iri akapambwa, kutenderera chipande, serratus Anterior anosimudza ruoko rwake pamusoro pamafudzi rwakashodoka.

abdominal tsandanyama

Tikaramba kufunga tsandanyama ari hunde uye kuenda rinotevera boka. Paakataura ake abdominal tsandanyama vanoumba abdominal rusvingo. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo.

Direct uye pyramidal tsandanyama

Rectus abdominis rinotanga kubva shwashwa weshanu mbabvu rechinomwe uye ari xiphoid muitiro. Zvinonzi vasiyana pubic symphysis outwards nawo. tsandanyama Izvi intercepted mhiri kushandisa 3 kana 4 mudzira jumpers. Hazvina rectus ari fibrous mumuhara inoumbwa aponeurosis oblique tsandanyama.

Next, pyramidal tsandanyama ishoma, kazhinji zvachose vasipo. Zviri zvako kanomirira zvichiitika mhuka, mabhegi uye shure tsandanyama. Rinotanga pedyo pubic symphysis. tsandanyama ichi, kuderedza uchikwira, wanamatira chena mutsetse, apo achidzikisa rokuputsa pamusoro payo.

The kwokunze uye zvemukati oblique mhasuro

External oblique rinobva apasi mbabvu matanda masere. fibers Its vanomhanya kubva pamusoro pasi uye mberi. tsandanyama ichi wanamatira ari ilium (yayo penyika). Front zvinoenda fascia. Fiber okupedzisira munyaya paumbwe rectus mumuhara. Ivo zvakanyatsobatana ari midline fibers aponeuroses iri mhiri oblique tsandanyama, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe chena mutsetse. Free repasi pamucheto fascia iri thickened, tucked mukati. Anoumba inguinal shwashwa. Its migumo vari akatasva lonnom murwi uye ilium (the Anterior mapfupa ake).

The zvemukati oblique tsandanyama zvinobva kuna iliac penyika, uyewo kubva chipfuva-lumbar fascia uye inguinal shwashwa. Uyezve, tinofanira kuva kubva pasi kumusoro uye pasi uye zvakabatana hwakaderera mbabvu nhatu. The aponeurosis vari kutamira nechepazasi tsandanyama mwanda.

Transverse tsandanyama zvinobva chipfuva-lumbar fascia, rezasi micheto ari inguinal shwashwa uye iliac mapfupa. Rinodzika mberi mune fascia.

Zvaiitwa abdominal tsandanyama

Various mabasa anoitwa pasi abdominal netsandanyama. Vanoumba abdominal rusvingo uye ndakaiswa nemhaka Tomé pakati zvomukati. tsandanyama idzi, makaita, rakatetepa abdominal mhango (kunyanya pamusoro transverse tsandanyama) uye sezvo abdominals sei zvomukati, zvikaita kuti kubviswa mutsvina yadzo, weti, mumarutsi, inotunga kuburikidza vangakosora uye dzinza chiito, uye hwakakungwa mberi vertebrae (kunyanya rectus tsandanyama, vaikunga muviri), kuzvitengesa kumativi ayo longitudinal akabatana uye kumativi. Sezvaunogona kuona, basa ravo Muviri chaizvo.

shure tsandanyama

Richirondedzera chinoumba tsandanyama dzomuviri, tasvika rokupedzisira boka - musana netsandanyama. Uye isu taurira pamusoro pavo. Uyewo mubhokisi, shure tsandanyama vari yavo udzamu. Ivo akafukidzwa tsandanyama, zvichiguma kufamba okumusoro yayo uye achisimbisa navo hunde. mbabvu maviri vachipedzisira underdeveloped tsandanyama chokuita yavo shure tsandanyama (ventral) uye posterior muduku posterior nani giya. Vose vanobatanidzwa achiita kufema. Kudzikisa pasi micheto, uye musoro anosimudza navo. Tsandanyama izvi ruoko mubhokisi, vachiita panguva imwecheteyo.

Achitevedza musana mbiru kupfuura pasi neshure toothed tsandanyama yakadzika musana tsandanyama. Vane dorsal mavambo. Vane chinyakare munhu urongwa, zvakawanda kana zvishoma metameric. Vari riri kana divi nomuzongoza, spinous ayo pezvakaitwa pakukoka kubva dehenya kusvika sacrum.

Pakati transverse pezvakaitwa dziri intertransversarii riri pedyo vertebrae. Ivo vanobatanidzwa pamwechete zvinoderedza kutungamirira parutivi nomuzongoza.

Interspinous tsandanyama vanobatanidzwa kwayo chiwedzerwa. Vari chiri pakati pedyo vertebrae (the spinous pezvakaitwa).

Short-occipital vertebrate tsandanyama (vanosvika 4) dziri pakati atirasi, occipital pfupa uye axial vertebra. Ivo zvayaitenderera paguyo uye anombotwasanudza musoro wake.

Mashandiro ari shure tsandanyama

Chokwadi kuti muviri inomiririrwa vakawanda shure tsandanyama, nokuda Kusiyanisa muviri wose nomuzongoza zvikuru. The mira nzvimbo munhu anopa simba tsandanyama. Hunde pasina wake aitoda mberi. Pashure pezvose, pamberi nomuzongoza ndiwo musimboti regiravhiti. Uyezve, boka iri rinosanganisira zvimwe tsandanyama kuti kumutsa mutumbi. Bvumiranai, mutengo wavo chaizvo.

The rukoko 2 chokuita okumusoro dzomuviri boka shure tsandanyama. Trapezius uye latissimus vavete pamusoro rukoko. In wechipiri vari rhomboid uye levator scapula.

Kuwedzera pamusoro apa tsika dziri pamusoro hunde tsandanyama vaikudzwa Mbabvu vane. Somuenzaniso, vaya vasiyana chipande, kwete chete nacho kufamba. Vakaisa chipande apo anopikisana mapoka tsandanyama panguva iyoyowo ipfupi. Uyezve, kana munhu gumbo riri kuita chinhu kugozha dzimwe tsandanyama, ivo, kana, akachekwa, hakumbokanganisi kwazvo Chokwadi, asi uri pachipfuva. Vanoedza izvozvo, kureva kuita upiyona tsandanyama rakafuridzirwa. Izvi tsandanyama muviri anoshandisa vakashanda pakufema uye yakakura, kunyanya nokuda basa remaoko, achimhanya kana zvirwere zvokufema.

Saka, isu akatarisa musimboti tsandanyama dzomuviri. Anatomy - sayenzi zvinoda kudzidza zvakadzama. Pamusoro kuongorora nomunhu nyaya havagoni kuona hurongwa hwose. Zvichakadai, tsandanyama ari hunde uye mutsipa - izvi chete chikamu kunzwisisa mashandiro nawo isu chibate muviri yedu.