Udmurt Religion: chiKristu, zvechihedheni uye Islam. Tsika Udmurtia

nzvimbo wechipiri nhamba iri boka Finno-Ugric Udmurt marudzi uitore. Maererano pamutemo uwandu, kuRussia, vari kumusha vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni - iri Udmurt Republic uye yakavakidzana kumatunhu. The tsika vanhu ava vakashanduka pamusoro emakore akawanda, kuchamhembe chikamu Udmurtia Russian akatonga, uye kumaodzanyemba - Turkic.

Kana mubvunzo pamusoro chii chitendero Udmurts, ipapo pano muri mapazi mashomanana, vanhu vakawanda vanozviti kutenda Orthodox, asi kune vaya vanozviti Islam. Uyezve, unofanira kuteerera kuti pane zvakakwana refu yakapiwa zvechihedheni nguva.

Zvechihedheni muna Udmurtia

Udmurtia, uyewo vamwe Finno-Ugric zvokuvhoterwa, akanga mavari muchihedheni. ChiKristu akatanga kupinda muna XIII remakore ari kuchamhembe mudunhu Udmurtia. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri kusvikira pakuguma unogashirwa vomunzvimbo nokuti kunzwisisa rubhabhatidzo tsika, kuverenga minyengetero nani refu uye rinoda vasingazivi mutauro kunamata. Saka, chikamu chikuru chavagari refu zvakakwana nguva vaiva vahedheni. Asi zvakanga zvose zviri kuchamhembe, pakanga simba Russia.

Kumaodzanyemba Chikamu Udmurt Republic kwenguva refu nguva yakanga pasi Turkic kumanikidzwa, kusvikira kukundwa of Kazan Khanate. Kunyanya vomanikidza chitendero akanzwa Udmurts vaiva chikamu Volga Bulgaria, uye gare gare vakanga chikamu Golden Horde. Asi Udmurts vakanga vakazvipira kuna muchihedheni kuti kunyange pasi kumanikidzwa rechiIslam simba, vakawanda vacho havana kushandura kutenda.

Kukura Christianity

Chokutanga Gwaro vakachisimbisa veMubatanidzwa chiKristu muna Udmurtia, yomusi 1557 gore. Nepo 17 chete Udmurtia mhuri vakabhabhatidzwa vakava Orthodox, mukupindura rino chevaux Ivan Grozny akazviviga dzimwe ropafadzo.

Zvadaro, pashure zvishoma makore anopfuura 100, munharaunda Udmurtia kwaiva kuedza kubatanidza mukanyiwa evanhu Orthodoxy. Hurumende nguva vakasarudza kuvaka zvakakwana yokuwanda Orthodox muna Udmurtia. The yokugara akatuma mamishinari, vakanga mubasa kukwidziridzwa uye kuvakwa machechi kwete chete, asiwo zvikoro.

Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvose chitendero vechihedheni pakati Udmurts zvakasimba rakabayirwa ropa, uye nokuda vakawanda emakore zvechiKristu vokuparidzira rikaparadzirwa kunze oma matanho. Vanhu vazhinji vainamata yazychnichestvu, vakatambudzwa, kumakuva dzavo uye akaparadza matanda okunamata nawo, uye zvechiKristu muitiro pachayo kwazvo, anononoka chaizvo.

Orthodoxy ari XVIII-XIX emakore

Muna 1818, kokutanga pano Biblical Committee, kwaaishanda vapristi kwete chete kubva Russia yakanga yakashama, asi vakanga kubatanidzwawo munyaya Udmurt vapristi. Mumakore mashanu akatevera zvakanzi basa hombe, izvo zvakaita shanduro yeEvhangeri ina.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Udmurt vanhu havasi madzivisa chisimba pamusoro pokutenda, zvakadai sezvazvaiva Mordovia. Vazhinji vacho vakaramba vahedheni, asi kurwisa yakanga pusa uye yakavharwa.

Mumakore iwayo paiva nezvishoma zvechiKristu pasina zvipingamupinyi zvakakura uye kurwisana kwevanhu. Zvisinei, maererano zvinyorwa, muna Udmurtia izvozvo vakavhura maviri munharaunda Anti-Christian.

Vanorwisana Orthodoxy

Muzana XIX remakore muRepublic kwaiva kufamba maviri chete, chikuru pfungwa rakanga kuti akamisa vemo chiKristu. Mumwe wavo aiva kapoka - "Vylepyrisi". Nemisoro munharaunda vaiva vapristi n'anga, vaiita kutyisidzira chavagari zvakasimba vakakurudzira vose kuti vabatane navo. Kana vakasadaro, zvino upenyu hwavo kunouya dema mutsetse, ungana matambudziko.

chitendero chitsva ichi chaiva muvengi zvose Udmurt Russian, uye zvose kwakaitika munharaunda airambidzwa kupfeka mbatya tsvuku, uyezve, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuwadzana weRussia.

In pakati XIX remakore paiva neimwe yeboka - "Lipopoklonniki" waiva pamusoro zvimwe zvitendero zvose, kusanganisira zvechihedheni uye yakakurumbira munyika. munharaunda iyi hazvirevi kuziva chinhu kunze kudya kumyshki (National vodka) uye doro pedyo matsvene Linden muti, uye aivawo zvachose kurambidza kukurukura nevanhu vemamwe zvitendero.

The kuchinja dzechitendero

Nemhaka "Multan mhosva" zvechihedheni muna Udmurtia akatanga kusviba. Muna 1892, vanoverengeka nevechiduku vakapomerwa nokuita sezvibayiro. Ndipo apo vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti kunamata uku ndiko kushanda.

Vagari vakawanda chokwadi, uye vachiri kutenda, kuti iyi yakanga falsified nehurumende nguva vomunzvimbo pakupedzisira kwakanga zvachose kusavimba. Asi vanhu vazhinji vakachinja pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pokutenda, uye vamwe vachiri dzakagadzirirwa zvavaitenda.

Muna 1917 iri munharaunda Udmurtia ano ararama vakawanda Russian vatama. Izvi zvakaita kuti kunyange vanhu vakawanda vaiva vaKristu pakati Udmurt vanhu. mukurumbira chaizvo mufananidzo panguva iyoyo aiva Gregory Vereshchagin - Udmurt muprista. Kunamata nguva yakawandisa kuRussia uye Udmurt mutauro.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chikamu chikuru chavagari panguva iyoyo yaiva hunyambiri kutenda. Ndiko, vakapinda chechi, asi panguva imwe chete vasanganiswa uye pfungwa yechihedheni pamwe Orthodox. Fans chouhedheni panguva iyoyo wechokwadi akanga asisiri zvikuru. Asi vaya vakanga vakaneta Staley uye kuparadzira zvavaitenda pakati vomunzvimbo.

Chitendero XX remakore muna Udmurtia

Mune 20s remakore rapfuura akasika Udmurt zvionera Republic. Munzvimbo iyi pane zvakakwana vanhu vakadzidza uye anonzi vakadzidza. Vose vakatendeka muchihedheni, kwete kuzvidza uye hapana kumanikidza nezviremera pavo. Zvisinei, pashure pemakore anenge 10 munzvimbo iyi zvakare kutanga kutambudzwa uye kuparadzwa womunharaunda intelligentsia. Vapristi Reururai vavengi vevanhu, uye vose vaiuya mumaoko nezviremera, vakanga vaidzvinyirirwa.

It airambidzwa kuronga minyengetero, mumisha uye nzvimbo mhuri zvakaparadzwa, akaparadza matanda okunamata nawo matsvene. Pamusoro kutambudzwa mamiriro reRepublic ndechokuti inoparadza. Paiva kuchengetwa huru inofananidza udhakwa pakati vomunzvimbo, kuberekwa mwero yakanga kuvatumwa Russian. Mumaguta, zvose yakaitwa kuti Russified, uye zvizvarwa zvemo Udmurts zvakanga yakaderera-unyanzvi unyanzvi.

nokudzvinyirirwa ichi kwakatora makore anenge 50, uye chete nokuuya pamusoro 80s vazhinji nemagariro fambisa rinowanika munyika, vanoda kudzorera rudzi rwavo. Kudzorerwa norudzi uye chitendero vari kutsvaka, kwemakore akawanda munzvimbo iyi munyika ine vamwe nechokwadi, asi pakatanga 1989 pachine sefungu kunotanga Orthodoxy.

archbishops zvokuvhoterwa

Apo kuuya diocese of Bhishopi Mukuru Palladius, uyo akatanga kudzorerwa Orthodoxy, asi asina kushingaira pachinhu ichi yakaoma. Papera 4 makore diocese inotungamirirwa Archbishop Nicholas, uyo kwemakore yabudirira incredible kubudirira.

In chete makore matatu nhamba vomuchechi yawedzera exponentially, akatanga kuonekwa vanhu vakadzidza, uyewo apo convents matatu akazarurwa, uye kuti basa nhasi. Uyezve, Chikoro Sunday chakatangwa, uye akatanga nyaya pepanhau "Orthodox Udmurtia" wokutanga. Archbishop Nicholas chigaro pamwe zviremera zvemo uye vakawanda intelligentsia. chitendero Orthodox Udmurts panguva yaifamba kuburikidza yayo yakanaka nguva.

Tsika Udmurtia

Sepakutanga vakaudza, tsika vanhu yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora dzakasiyana zvinhu zviviri. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, nharaunda ane zvokupfeka, tsika.

national zvokupfeka

Kunyange 100 apfuura, national zvokupfeka vanhu vakaitwa pamba kubva zvinhu zvakadai nedehwe remakwai uye jira. Udmurtka hwokumusoro nharaunda aipfeka chena yomucheka shirt ane nezvakarukwa fidha (chinhu chakafanana nguo). Rakanga kupfeka hombe nguo nebhanire.

In kumaodzanyemba National rokwe reRepublic ndiyo zvakasiyana. Pane varipowo yomucheka hembe, asi iye kupfeka jasi risina bhachi kana jasi. Shirt inofanira kupfekwa pasi bhurukwa. zvipfeko zvose zvinofanira kuva ruvara, semagada zvakanga chete pazviitiko. It aigona munoshongedza dzakarukwa pamusoro maoko uye chipfuva.

headgear

Vakadzi heti vanoonekwa ne kusiyana kwavakaita. Nokuti kupfeka ichi, unogona kuona zvakawanda pamusoro muridzi: zera, hwevakaroorana chinzvimbo, chinzvimbo.

Vakadzi vakaroorana, vanofanira kuva "yyrkerttet" - mumusoro yakanyikwa tauro kumugumo. A pachena kuchiitwa chomumusoro ichi - kumugumo tauro vanofanira kuenda pasi shure kwake. Uyewo kuroorana refu Birch omuti anogona kupfeka ngowani pamwe chidzitiro, iye anofanira sheathe kanivhasi nekurongedzwa mari.

Girls vari frontlet - "ukotug" kana kanivhasi ngowani (zvinofanira kuva diki yakakura).

kicheni Udmurtia

Zvokudya Inonyanya kubata rudzi urwu kuti chingwa, soups uye bota. Munguva yekare nyama uye nomukaka ndiro vaiona muchando kudya uye akagadzirira chete mumatsutso uye muchando. Paivawo zvakasiyana dzakakurumbira miriwo akavashandisa vari chero wechinhu: mbishi, yakabikwa, akabika, ine muto.

Kana chaiva zororo, yakanga akashanda patafura uchi, yakashapa ruomba uye mazai. Nenzira, imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira ndiro pamusoro Udmurtia, izvo dzakasvikira ino nguva - zongzi.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nokuda Eurovision uye zvesimba "Buranovskiye vanambuya" munyika kwave kuchiita akawanda National Recipes, perepechi akadaro, izvo kare aigona chete kuedza muna Udmurtia.

The National zvinobata vanhu vakanga chingwa uye bhiti kvass, doro uye Mead. Chokwadi, mumwe nomumwe rudzi iine National chokunwa pachavo, muna Udmurt - kumyshka (zviyo bika).

Religion uye netsika Udmurt

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Udmurt - Republic, umo maiva vazhinji vaHedheni kuti aivapo panyika nguva ivo vakatsauswa kutambudzwa uye udzvanyiriri, asi haana kukanda mapfumo. Pari chitendero Udmurts - Orthodox, asi kumaruwa, unogona achiri kuwana vazhinji vanhu, izvo nhasi ari kuvahedheni.

Vanhu vane kutenda kwakadaro kuitisa siyana zvainobatsira mabasa. Somuenzaniso, asati ose mhuri yakarongeka "Kuala" yaiva pachivanze. vanhu Local vaidavira kuti mupenyu vorshud - mudzimu unochengetedza mhando. All mhuri vakauya kwaari chibayiro zvokudya zvakasiyana.

The mazororo vapristi Cuale akaita tsika dzakasiyana-siyana kunamata vamwari, ivo muchirongwa uye mhuri. Kuburikidza tsika dzavo, vapristi vakakumbira vanamwari kuti mamiriro okunze akanaka, kukohwa, utano, pfuma, uye zvakawanda. Shure kwaizvozvo, kuti bhaira ichagadzirwa tsika Porridge, kubaya kubayira kuna vanamwari, ipapo akadya zvose vechikamu yose tsika. Chiito ichi rakanyatsojeka zvakakurumbira Udmurtia, uye vakatenda kuti mhuri imwe neimwe inofanira kukumbira zvakanaka midzimu uye vazviise chibayiro zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana.

Ndine chokwadi musha ose aiva Kasango dzvene, apo kanoverengeka rose gore anogona kuitwa tsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye minyengetero. Shanyira zvaibvira chete zvikuru akasarudzwa mazuva panze uye anoatora pastries nezvimwe zvibereko vakanga zvaisambobvumirwa. Zvinonzi zvakare havabvumirwi chakavanzika yemikokonati kundofudza mombe, kazhinji, kunoshanyira nzvimbo ino havatenderwi munhu, chete kuti kuitisa tsika ari zvikurukuru kuchengeterwa zuva.

At muzinda panzvimbo ino pane muti, midzi izvo vakavigwa zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana kuti nezvibayiro zvavo midzimu vanogara pasi pevhu. Kazhinji vakabirwa zvaiva shiri kana chipfuwo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mune mimwe misha, uye mazuva munamato rakaitirwa zvitsvene neyemiorivhi nhasi.

mhedziso

Udmurt - zvokuvhoterwa, izvo kwenguva refu akanga ava Orthodox. Zvisinei, musoro Udmurt Republic (zvino this post iri kwenguva Aleksandr Brechalov) akati kuti mumakore achangopfuura zvakare azopora zvechihedheni, maererano nenhamba, pari 7% yevanhu yakanga yechihedheni.

Naizvozvo, chechi iri kuedza kwete kurasikirwa chii vakatsvaka emakore, vari kuedza kudzivirira pwere nhasi kubva kare dzidziso. Uyewo musoro Udmurt Republic yakashuma kuti mumaguta ichi muitiro haina kuchengetwa, uye zvechihedheni akararamazve chete munzvimbo duku.