Vachikudza munhu anonzi Mutungamiriri Islands? The rwendo kubva Vitus Bering

Mukuru Islands vari boka rezvitsuwa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvitsuwa zviduku 4 makuru uye 10. Ivo riri kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kweGungwa Bering. It riri muna North Pacific. Bering Sea pamepu anofanira kutsvaka pakati kure nechokumabvazuva Russia uye US Alaska. Maererano administrative weboka, boka rezvitsuwa riri Kamchatka munzvimbo Russian Federation. vanhu vashoma vanoziva, vachikudza vacho vanonzi Mutungamiriri Islands.

Vari pedyo pedyo zvakanyatsobatana Russian uye Aleut tsika. Chikuru chacho paumbwe Bering Island, rine elongated kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba chimiro. It Ane nzvimbo 1660 mativi makiromita. Pakati idzodzo mana chitsuwa vanhu kurarama chete pairi. Vamwe vanoramba kuva dongo Mutungamiriri Islands. Russia ine zvakawanda dzinodiwa pasi vanogara arambe achirema. Zvitsuwa izvi chete kuvabata.

Mumusha Nikolskoye musi Bering Island iri vanenge 700 vaigara. Kuti vasvike kune yakaoma, vanofanira kukunda mashomanana zana makiromita. The ndege ndege ndiyo maawa 3, uye mumwe nzira kutama husingakuvadzi vasipo. In yechando, chitsuwa akafukidzwa nesinou uye vachiridza simba inovhuvhuta. In kupisa zhizha kunofadza veko chete neapo. Ainyanya hunodzorwa okunze nyoro, rinorema bvungapfunga, kazhinji kunonaia. Dzinoratidzwa unopinza nokuchinja mamiriro ekunze.

The rwendo kubva Vitus Bering rokutanga

Zvakatanga pamwe Russian chamber, uyo "akavhura hwindo kuna Europe." Panguva yorubvunzavaeni kwake , Peter I akatora Zvinoshingaira pakasikwa matanho kuvhura nzvimbo itsva kuchamhembe uye okumabvazuva, uyewo kugadzira nepagungwa migwagwa iri US uye Indian nyika. Pakutanga ra1725, aneta nezvirwere zvakakomba, kuRussia chamber kutanga nhungamiro nokuda regadziriro basa "Siberian rwendo", chinangwa rakanga kusvika America nomuGungwa North pemhenderekedzo kudzidza uye kunyora kwavari pamepu varipo.

Rwendo Mutungamiri akava Vitus Bering, kuvhurika izvo uchava rinotyisa mune ramangwana. Vanosarudza nokuti Dane akawira, zvikurukuru pamusana wayo kudzokororwa kuedza kusvika Mahombekombe American. Zvisinei, akanga asingakwanisi apfuure akakamanikana, vakazochinja ainzi pashure pake, somugumisiro iyo akadzokera muna 1730 kuSt Petersburg.

The rwendo kubva Vitus Bering rechipiri

In guru Russian Empire Behring akashuma ake rwendo kuenda Hurumende Anny Ioannovny, uyewo tsvakurudzo itsva vakaratidza plan, kukakavadzana kukosha kwokudzidza kuchamhembe mundima uye Siberian nemiganhu, kuti kukwanisa kuchinjanisa pamwe North-West America uye Japan.

The hurongwa raitsigirwa ne Danish aidzidzisa, zvichiguma ayo Implementation yakanga yakapiwa inokosha mari. Ndokusaka Russia yakanga wakaiswa nokuda Bering zvose akazarurwa. Special kushingaira ari Implementation chirongwa vakaita dare, iyo Admiralty uye Academy of Sciences. Muna 1732 paiva chirevo weSeneti pamusoro gadziriro rechipiri Kamchatka rwendo. Akasvika pakunzi Mukuru Northern rwendo. Chirevo Zvakaziviswa kuti rwendo ndiyo kure, pamwe yakawanda kuoma, kwenguva yokutanga rakatangwa.

Great Northern rwendo rakatanga muna 1733 uye dzakaguma muna 1743. Aongorora zvakawanikwa inogona kuwana, vachikudza vacho vanonzi Mutungamiriri Islands. The rwendo chaiva nemapoka 7, izvo vasingatungamirirwi nemumwe. 10 Zvikepe raitenda vanhu 580. The mabasa neimwe chikwata zvaisanganisira kuongororwa zvakafanorongwa siyana.

zvikwata basa

First kukupfura, yakanga ichitungamirirwa namachinda makuru Stepan Muravev uye Mikhail Pavlov, akatora nzira yavo kubva Arkhangelsk. Aifanira kuongorora romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi pakati Pechora uye Ob muromo.

The Unit wechipiri, izvo akabva Tobolsk, akarayira refutenendi Dmitry Ovtsyn. Aifanira kuongorora kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo muGulf of Ob kuchamhembe kumagumo Taimyr Peninsula kana kuti Khatanga.

Refutenendi Vasily Pronchishchev akatungamirira yokuzviparadzanisa wechitatu, uyo basa raiva kuongorora kumahombekombe, kumadokero pamuromo Lena. Pamwe wokuRussia mukuru ari kushambira akaenda wake Tatiana. Iye akava mukadzi wokutanga muchirongwa polar rwendo.

Musoro yokuzviparadzanisa chechina vakava refutenendi Peter Lasinius, pashure vane rufu aitarisira akagadzwa Dmitry Laptev. The zvebasa boka iri vaongorori raisanganisira kudzidza rokumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo, izvo pakugadzwa pamuromo Lena kusvika ano Bering Strait.

Panotangira yechishanu chikwata rakanga zvakananga ari Bering. It zvemashoko uyu mune remangwana chichava mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "? Achikudza mumwe ainzi Mutungamiriri Islands". kukupfura Wechishanu aida kuongorora Kamchatka uye North-West America uye huripo chitsuwa chiri North Pacific Ocean.

Hwechitanhatu yokuzviparadzanisa achitungamirirwa Martin Shpanberg aifanira kuwana pamusoro Kuril Islands uye Japanese egungwa. Zvinangwa kukupfura wechinomwe, yainzi Academic, raisanganisira kudzidza womukati nzvimbo kweSiberia. musoro wake akagadzwa Purofesa Gerhard Miller. Vaongorori 'basa yakaitwa pakavanda nzira.

Budirira boka rokutanga

First kukupfura akapedza makore 4 kutama Arkhangelsk kusvikira pamuromo Ob River. Zvizhinji kubudirira (zvichienzaniswa chii akavhura Behring), vatsvakurudzi havana kubudirira - rave richirondedzerwa zvakarurama duku pamhenderekedzo nharaunda, Ugra bhora uye Matveev Island, Long uye Local. Izvi kukonzerwa kuti kwaita chakakuvara, yakanga nokushandisa muchina wokucheka nhengo rwendo rinenge kubva pamazuva kufamba okutanga.

Paiva matambudziko chirango pakati vafambisi, kuitira kuzadzisa kushandisa kwazvo chirango Kurohwa. Anorairira boka rokutanga kwaiva nokusawirirana, asi munguva yechando vomunzvimbo yaisangana kushungurudzwa kuburikidza mitoro forwarders maererano iyo vakatanga kugamuchira zvichemo. Pashure paizvozvo paiva kuchinja utungamiri, muraire boka akava refutenendi Stepan Malygin, uyo gare gare akapedza basa boka rokutanga.

Kugona chechipiri boka

The rwendo pakati Vitus Bering ari chikamu chikwata chechipiri akakwanisa vabudirire zvikuru tichienzanisa muboka rokutanga. Paaiita basa rake, yokuzviparadzanisa Ovtsyna mukuru kupedza basa, izvo chokuita kudzidza pamhenderekedzo kubva pamuromo Ob kusvika Yenisei. Asvika muSt Petersburg chikwata mutungamiri akanga demoted makore matatu kubva pakatanga rwendo, pachishandiswa chisarudzo enyika. Iye zvikanzi ane ukama hwepedyo Prince Dolgoruky, uyo akanga ari nhapwa.

Zvadaro, boka misoro rechipiri vave Fedor Minin uye Dmitry Sterlegov. Mumwedzi wokutanga rwendo Minin akakwanisa kuenda chete pamuromo Yenisei. Ipapo muchirimo zvinotevera gore akatamira kumabvazuva. Asi pashure kupfuura nhamba zvitsuwa zviduku, atarisana chando, Minin akasarudza kurega panzira yake. Sterlegov munyika akafukidza daro kwakadziva kumabvazuva pamuromo Yenisei River kusvikira Cape, iyo gare gare ainzi pashure pake. Kamchatka rwendo kubva Vitus Bering rechipiri kukupfura panguva ino yomugumo.

Zvisinei, pakati vatungamiriri vatsva rechipiri boka paiva kusiyana. Tadzokera pakundopambara akatanga rumhan'aro zvakazoita Minin akanga demoted kuti vafambisi kwemakore 2 years.

Nebudiriro rechitatu chikwata

Chechitatu yokuzviparadzanisa mune "Yakutsk" kubva pamuromo Lena akabata nzira kwayo kumavirazuva. Kamwe vasvika pamuromo Olenek, musoro Pronchishchev boka kwakasarudzwa kupedzera mwaka wechando. Pashure kukupfura ichi mberi rwendo, nokukurira rinorema chando. Kuparidzira kumahombekombe ari Taimyr Peninsula kubva kumabvazuva, vatsvakurudzi nokuda kutadza kuramba nzira kudzokera mumuromo Olenek.

Pashure Pronchishchev rufu muna 1736 akava musoro yokuzviparadzanisa Chariton Laptev. Mitoro forwarders wapedza pemhenderekedzo Taimyr Peninsula netsoka.

Nebudiriro chikwata chechina

kukupfura chechina varasikirwa zvikuru dzevanhu nokuda chakakuvara, izvo akafa somugumisiro musoro wake - Peter Lasinius, uyewo 35 nhengo rwendo. Mutungamiriri mutsva akanga Dmitry Laptev, uyo vakabudirira Akaongorora pamhenderekedzo pakati Lena uye Kolyma. Under ake murayiro, kuti yokuzviparadzanisa chechina akaita Vachiedza circumvent ari Chukotka Peninsula uye kusvika negungwa Kamchatka, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

Nebudiriro wechishanu chikwata. Kuwanikwa Mutungamiriri Islands

The boka wechishanu vaitungamirirwa Bering iri tsamba magwa "St. Peter "uye" Saint. Paul "vakananga North America. July 15, 1741 kokutanga vachiona mukuru pamahombekombe "St. Paul "Alexei Chirikov. Mazuva mashoma gare gare chikepe aswedera yakaoma achitungamirirwa Bering. Nokuti dutu "St. Peter "kwaiva kuchitsuwa yerenje, apo mukuru mukuru akafa chakakuvara. Kuvigwa vakafa nhengo rwendo zvakawanikwa muna 1991.

Saka, vachikudza vacho vanonzi Mutungamiriri Islands? In rukudzo Mutungamiriri Vitus Bering. Asi zvinonzi chokuita kwete chete kune mazita zvitsuwa. Strait uye Bering Sea pamepu iri nechekuchamhembe Pacific Ocean uyewo kutakura zita guru wehondo.

Nebudiriro rechitanhatu uye rechinomwe mapoka

Nemhaka rechitanhatu uye rechinomwe mirairo akagamuchirwa mashoko anobatsira ari munharaunda, Geological, ethnographic munda kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva kweSiberia, uyewo akazaruka uye akadzidza Kuril Islands uye kuchamhembe Japan.