Vail kana varume mazita mumutauro weRussia? Vail kana mazita avarume vatorwa here?

With zvikoro zvakawanda ndakadzidza kutonga, regai kurereka madudzirwo uye kunyorwa mazita vakadzi pamusoro nyaya, uye varume - pamusoro zvinopesana, kuva adjectives akafanana kana emazita. Saka kana zviri nyore, uye kana varume mazita wokumwe mumutauro wokuRussia vari kurerekera - kuti nyaya ino, kwakavakirwa monograph pamusoro LP Kalakutsky rakabudiswa muna 1984.

Kukosha

Pane mamiriro ezvinhu ane ruzivo kunyora uye mataurirwo emashoko mazita akasiyana zviitiko zvinokosha:

• Mwana akatanga kudzidza kuchikoro, uye zvakafanira kuti vasaine mukabhuku kana dhayari nomazvo.
• Youth kana akura murume paakavapa chitupa kana tsamba kuonga.
• On chiitiko chakakomba kuzivisa goho kana chokupika murume ane yakaoma zita. Zvinoita kusingafadzi, kana zvichanzi akavhiringika.
• Pakuita magwaro anokosha (chitupa, dhipuroma) kana pakugadzirira nyaya zvokuvakisa pakagadzwa kwemhuri (muruvazhe, mumwe gweta).
• Kuti azive kana mazita hono tichida, zvakakodzera kuti vanhu ounyanzvi hwokugadzira vazhinji, kubata kunyoresa pachake mafaira kana mamwe mabhizimisi mapepa.

mazita Russian

Rakajairika surnames muRussia - pamwe suffixes - ck (-tsk) s (-ev) mu (-yn): Razumovsky, Slutsky, Ivan Turgenev, Mukhin, Sinitsyn. Vose nyore zvinoodza, sezvo vanhuwo adjectives, uye ari munhukadzi, uye somurume. Kunze - surnames Female, -zvinoshevedzera, kuguma iyo prepositional nyaya iri siyanei chinyakare.

mazita Foreign pamwe suffix -zvinoshevedzera (-yn) vanewo mismatch pamwe Russian paku nyaya. Funga nezvomuenzaniso unotevera:

Vail kana munhurume zita iri ndipo kubvisa ari suffix - ck, izvo rinowanikwawo kuRussia (NdiTolstoy, yakachenjera, akaoma)? A shoma (mumabasa sayenzi pamusoro philology avo zvizere pasi), vari nyore kuchinja pamusoro nyaya chipauro yakafanana ne akafanana nemagumo.

mazita Ukrainian

Yakakurumbira Ukrainian zita - pamusoro -enko uye Shona: Bondarenko, Lucko, Molodyko. Kana kutarira mabhuku Russian, mabasa ounyanzvi (A. P. Chehov, somuenzaniso), vanyori nani kutora madiro rakanyorwa avo avanhu shanduro, uye muzvizhinji: "Ngatiendei kune imwe kushanya kuna Bondarenko."

Izvi zvakaipa, nekuti pamutemo chiperengo rakasiyana mabasa ounyanzvi uye kutaura. Mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti vanhu vanowanzofunga Ukrainian surnames - EHKO uye Ko, nyore - kwete. muenzaniso:

• Ndiri kunyora tsamba Oleg Bondarenko.
• Iye ane aidanana Ivan Lucko.

Uye izvi zvinoshanda zvose mazita Ukrainian mavambo, kunyange mashoma akadai Alehno, Rushailo, Sipo, Oatmeal. Never muchivimba anonziwo -ago, -ovo, -yago: Vodolaga, Durnovo, Dubyago. Uye zvakadini Vaya kuguma nemabhii?

Mazita ane nzvanyira -k

Kare, suffixes -uk (-yuk) rinoratidza kana kuroorwa kana kuti kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kwakabva: mwanakomana Ivan - Ivanchuk, Assistant Cooper - Bondarchuk. Kazhinji ndivo kuri kusvika kumadokero rutivi rweUkraine, asi chichiri kukamurirwa necheSalvic marudzi ose. Vail kana varume surnames - UK?

Maererano nemitemo mazita evakadzi Russian hazvisi achinja pamusoro pacho, asi varume, vachipedzisira imwe nzvanyira (Kusara - kuguma wavo, -s), Akasendamira munhu fanira hwaro:

• Ndakanyora tsamba Olga Dimitryuk.
• Ndakakokwa kuti ashanyire Igor Shevchuk.
• I ichangobva ndakaona Sergei Ignatiuk.

Subject kuchinja pamusoro nyaya uye mazita ose vakaratidza emazita: Chidembo, mhumhi, mhepo, A mbiru. Pane imwe namano: kana zita necheSalvic, iri rinowanikwa aigona nzvanyira ari mudzi haisi nguva dzose vakachengetedzwa. The utongi kunokosha wacho inonyorwa, kunyange zvazvo mabhuku akawanda havatendi isiri mataurirwo pasina izvozvo. Somuenzaniso, funga zita Hare. Kazhinji anoti: "Iye akadana Ivan Hare." Izvi chinogamuchirika, asi zvakanyatsorurama: "Iye akadana Ivanu Zayatsu."

Rakatanga kuUkraine uye mazita ari -tuples, -IR: Pochinok, Gorelik. Kuziva mutemo kuti mazita evanhu vose pamwe chete emakonzonendi pakupera shanduko iri nguva zviri nyore kupindura mubvunzo kana mazita mhou avanhu pamusoro -k:

• Paakasvika kumba Ilya Pochinka (pano akanga atiza nzvanyira nokupera).
• Aiziva Larisa Petrík.

Kusara kuti mutemo

The Slavs zvinowanzotaurwa pana pakuguma hwemhuri dzavo (-s): Black, Ilyinskikh. In yokutanga yezana mazita ari XX remakore varume zvakafanana harinzwi kazhinji achinja pane nyaya. Maererano dzemunharaunda mutauro wokuRussia nhasi zvakaipa.

Mabviro mazita aya kubva chipauro muzvizhinji zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwavo nokuzivikanwa:

• Akazunza maoko Peter Bhera vake.

Kunyange zvazvo pakupedzisira uye pane nzvanyira, ndizvo zvagara nemitemo, izvo vachifanira kuziva, kana akakumbira kuti mazita mhou avanhu.

Quite kupararira kuri kupera musi -h: Stojkovic, Rabinovich, Gorbach. Heino Kazhinji:

• Kumirira kushanya Urume Rabinovich.
• Anna Porhachev akanga anakidzwa pashoo.

Armenian surnames

Armenia - nyika duku rine vanhu vanhu haawanzotauri vanopfuura mamiriyoni 3 of. Asi vanenge mamiriyoni 8.5. Diaspora vanogara kune dzimwe nyika, saka Armenian surnames kunowanzoitika chaizvo. Kazhinji vangazivikanwa kubudikidza chinyakare magumo - in (YANG): Avdzhan, Dzhigarkhanyan. Munguva dzekare, paiva zvakawanda zvekare muchimiro mhuri: -ants (-yants) -unts, iro nhasi yapararira kumaodzanyemba Armenia Kurants, Sarkisyants, Tonunts. Ndiro zita Armenian avanhu Leaning?

Pairi pasi mitemo mutauro Russian, iyo munyaya. Evanhu unonzi aine nzvanyira pakupedzisira, kuti kuderera pamusoro nyaya:

• pamwe Armen Avdzhanom (sezvamakaropafadzwa "pamwe Anush Avdzhan");
• Ini kuona firimu Starring George Tonuntsa (the "firimu Starring Lily Tonunts").

Vachipedzisira mavhawero

Ramba mazita kuchinja avanhu, kana vari, zvisinei dzakavapo kana nhengo imwe nyika, vachipedzisira zvinotevera mavhawero: uye, Gospels, ndima, W, e, f Muenzaniso :. Gandhi Dzhusoyty Shoigu, Camus, Maigret, Manet. Muchiitiko chino, hazvina basa, nezuva rokutanga kana rokupedzisira mabhii kushushikana Falls. kuwa uku mazita zvomuMoldova, Indian, French, yechiGeorgian, vokuItaly uye wokuTurkey. Muenzaniso: "Nguva ichangopfuura, akaverenga nhetembo kubudikidza shota Rustaveli." Asi kana vanhu vari kurerekera zita - uye (I)?

Apa pane mbiri zvokusarudza, saka zviri nani kupa navo patafura,

Kusimbisa zivo kana vanhu vari kurerekera zita - uye achiuya algorithm kuti anogona kuva nyore.

mazita German

Mabviro weGermany mazita zvakafanana nhoroondo yavo dzimwe nyika: nevoruzhinji rinobva mazita, mazita nenzvimbo, nicknames kana rokurwa vatakuri dzavo.

The kugarwa of Volga eGermany ari XVIII remakore kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti kunyora kwavo Russian iri kwaiwanzoitwa nokukanganisa, saka vazhinji chete mazita chete siyana rimwe kana maviri mabhii. Asi chokwadi vari, isingawanzopotswi kunze, tichipedzisira mune nzvanyira, saka kupindura mubvunzo kana mazita dzakaonda mukono German, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo: hongu. Kunze ndiwo: Goethe, Heine, Otto nevamwe, vachipedzisira imwe nzvanyira.

Sezvo mazita German kushandura pamusoro pacho vanofanira kusiyaniswa kubva necheSalvic. Kuwedzera kune vakaderera, akadai Muller, Hoffmann, Wittgenstein, Wolf, pane nekuguma dzavo: Dietrich, Freundlich, Ulrich. The surnames Russian pamberi wavo kashoma nyoro nemavara, nhaka zvakasimba vaviri vaviri. Izvi imhaka yokuti mutauro iri rinenge pane adjectives zvakafanana kunyatsogona. mazita necheSalvic, mukusiyana, yokuGermany, handina kutsauka (Chechishanu, Borovskikh).

Kana panguva pakuguma -b kana fung

The ushe naro vanhu vanowanzofunga zita, kuva sezvo hwaro maererano hakuperi, rinoshandawo kune zviitiko apo mugumo rakaiswa -b kana ndipo. Ivo dzinosiyana nokuti nyaya sezvo emazita chokuita yechipiri declension. Zvisinei, muna paku nyaya dziri kunyanya nokuguma - Om (it). Anonzwisiswa sezvo dzimwe. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo wokuti vanhu vanowanzomuitira zita uye -b vakasuwa funga muenzaniso:

• Nominative (uyo?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Genitive (ani?): Vrubel, Hyde;
• Dative (uyo?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Accusative (uyo?): Vrubel, Hyde;
• Instrumental (nani?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Prepositional (ani?): About Vrubel pamusoro Gaidai.

The ushe ane anosiyiwa. Saka, urege kusendama mazita husina (Ravioli), uye nomusi Nzvimbo zita (Uruguay, Taiwan). Kunyange kana nyoro chiratidzo inomira pashure sizzling (Night, Mouse), nokutora akazendamira varume Bhaibheri.

Double uye remubatanidzwa mazita

China, Vietnam uye Korea zvakasiyana pakuti avo vanogara vari mukomboni surnames, rinoumbwa nemashoko akawanda. Kana vanopedzisira vari nzvanyira, ipapo kusendama mukuru mitemo, asi chete okupedzisira chikamu chayo. muenzaniso:

• Takateerera payo, Kim Chen Ira.

Russian miviri surnames vari kurerekera kumativi ose nokuda mukuru mitemo:

• Petrov-Vodkin mufananidzo;
• Theater Nemirovich-Danchenko.

Kana chikamu zita rokutanga haisi, uye chinhu chinokosha pairi haachinji kuti nyaya:

• kusvetuka Ter-Hovhannisyan;
• chigadzirwa Demuth-Malinovsky.

Ko varume vanowanzotevedzera mazita evamwe wokumwe rinoti kunobva pachido Russian girama mitemo, sezvo munyaya. Akaramba mubvunzo seisingapindurwi nezvekushandiswa muzvizhinji kana risiri muuzhinji ari enumeration kwavanhu vaviri.

Muchimiro choumwe

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, uzhinji inoshandiswa, uye umo imwe nhamba, hazvina inoonekwa patafura:

mazita Male, kusiyana nevakadzi, wakawondereiko kudai, asi pane zvakawanda kacho zvinotsanangurwa munyaya, ivo vo zvisingachinji. The chikuru dzekuziva - ndiyo nokuguma mazita uye nyika mavambo.