Vardzia, Georgia: nhoroondo, maonero uye mapikicha

Kufamba neGeorgia, munhu haagoni kubatsira kutaridzira chishamiso chakaitwa nevanhu ve Golden Age - gomba rekuvhara, rakavezwa mukati mebwe rakanaka.

Kufuridzira pasi pezvikwata zviduku mumvura yakadzika yejeri, musha wekare wematare ane musangano wakasiyana-siyana wemafrescoes uye munenge makore ane chiuru chemakore ndeyeVardzia. Georgia inofanirwa kuzvikudza pamusoro penzvimbo yepamusoro yepaiti, inoisa pakati pezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvekuvakwa kwekare uye tsika yenyika.

Yakare Vardzia - nzvimbo inovaraidza pamepu yemazuva ano Georgia

Munharaunda, Vardzia (Georgia) iri pedyo nemuganhu weTurkey kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, pedyo nekugadzirisa kwezita rimwe chete pedyo neAkhalkalaki muSamtskhe-Javakheti province. Hedhi renzvimbo yemunzvimbo iri muhombekombe mupata weRwizi (muGeorgia Mtkvari), yakakomberedza kumativi ose nemakomo makuru eCaucasus. Pamusoro pezvitsuwa zveJavakheti upland dombo reEruseti (iro riri muGeorgia rinonzwika seGird Mountain) rinomuka, rakakomberedzwa nemapako ekuzarurirwa uye kuputika kwemhepo yemuzinda wekare.

Nhoroondo yakabva kune zita reguta racho

The etymology yezita romutauro weVardzia rinotsanangurwa nenyaya dzakawanda dzekare. Nhoroondo ye Tamara muduku, uyo anotamba nababamunini vake mumapako eimba yemamiti yakagadzirwa, anonakidzwa nerudo runokosha rweGeorgia. Asina kukanganwa musikana wacho, murume wacho akatanga kutarisa-tarisa, uye panguva iyoyo mukomana muduku akaerekana abuda shure kwake, achishevedzera achiti "Ak var, dzia!" (Ndiri pano, baba vangu). Runyararo rwemariro rwakanga rwunofadza zvikuru kuna Tsar George zvokuti akasarudza kutumidza nzvimbo yakasimba mumashoko omwanasikana wake, kune mbiri yeramangwana tsarina.

Maererano nedzimwe shanduro, vanyori venhau dzakawanda vanowanzoteerera, zita rokuti Vardzia rinobva kuPersian "varge" - saka vaPersia vakadana vagari vekare veGeorgia.

Nhoroondo yekuvakwa kwechivakwa chekare

Nhoroondo yemamatare yakaoma inomhanya kusvika pakadzika yezana remakore rechi12, kutonga kwaMambokadzi Tamara, iyo inenge ichiri kunamatwa neGeorgia yose. Gomba reguta reVardzia rakavakwa senzvimbo yakavimbika, yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza gomo reBarjomi kubva kune vanhu veMongolian-vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Nzira yezvisikwa zvepasi pasi peGomo Erushte yakapa chikonzero chakanakisisa chesimba risingaperi risingaverengeki, kuvakwa kwacho kwakatanga pasi pokutonga kwaMambo George III ndokuenderera mberi nemwanasikana wake anonzi Tamara.

Pane imwe nguva imba yemamera yakanga yakazara uye yakavanzwa zvakadzika mumvura yakadzika yedombo, ichibatanidza nepamusoro penzvimbo ye labyrinth yemapasi pasi. Kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba kupfuura mamwe ose munhoroondo yezvi nzvimbo idzi, iyo yakazunungusa nzvimbo kumagumo ezana remakore rechi13, yakaburutsa chikamu chekunze kwegomo regomo, ichiratidza nzvimbo yeguta-temberi, yakanga isati yaoneka kune muvengi.

Iyo dongo uye rumuko runotevera rweVardzia

Mumazana emakore akatevera, nyika yakaramba ichipambwa nemasoja eTatar-Mongolian nePezhiya, kusanganisira Vardzia. Georgia inorangarira moto mukuru, wakarongedzwa nevaPersia muna 1551. Iyi njodzi yakatora hupenyu hwevatongi vemunharaunda, asi, zvinonzwisisika, zvakapa husafa kumusorosoro wakasiyana-siyana wemamoni. Iyo frescoes uye murals pamadziro akavanzwa pasi pejasi zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka kusvikira nhasi.

Akatora nhare muzana remakore rechi16, vaOttomans vaiva nekodzero iyi kwemakore anopfuura mazana maviri, panguva iyo imba yemamende yakaramba isina vanhu. Makumi maviri emakore gare gare, mauto eRussia akadzoka kubva kuUtoman Empire guta rekare, uye pasi pezvivako zvehupenyu hwekare hwetemberi hwakatanga kuwedzerwa zvakare.

Mazuva ano Vardzia ndiyo yakashanyira chivako chekudenga cheGeorgia uye chinamato chemazuva ano. Wekutanga shure kwemazana emakore-apfuura avhara liturgy inoratidzwa mumadziro etembere mumakore ekuma80.

Kubvira muna 2004, hurumende yeChiciro yenyika yakaronga basa rekudzorera, panguva iyo maitiro ekugadzirisa akadzorerwa, kukanganisa kwakaitwa nenguva kwakakonzerwa. Kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemamonari nevashanyi, kusimbisa kusimbiswa kwakagadzirwa. Nyaya yekubatanidza guta remapako paNESCO World Heritage List iri pasi pekufungisisa.

Architectural masterpiece ye medieval Georgia

Saka chii chinonzi Vardzia chinoshamisa? Georgia ine zvivako zvakawanda zvemapako nemamatare, asi nzvimbo iyi inokosha chaizvo. Guta remuvhu rechokwadi , rinonakidza nehupamusoro hwahwo uye yakaoma nzira yezvivakwa! Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yakawanda yakawanda yeVardzia inosanganisira mazana matanhatu emapakoti nemapako ezvisikwa uye zvakagadzirwa nevanhu, zvakabatanidzwa nemaketani emigwagwa nemakona, akatambanudza mamita 800 kubva kure uye kupfuura mamita makumi mashanu mukati megomo.

Temberi iyi yakabatana makereke gumi namashanu, iyo iyo yaive ichi uye ichiri iyo iyo temberi huru yeAssumption yaMhandara. Mukuwedzera kumakamuri echitendero, chivakwa cheguta redombo chaisanganisira zvivako zvekugara uye zvishoma, refectory, mabhuku, mabhati uye makiromita 3.5 emvura.

Kana zviitiko zvinotyisa zvehondo, zvivako zvisingaitike zveimba yakasimba zvinogona kugadzirisa vanhu kusvika kune makumi maviri zvemazana nekumira kwenguva refu yakakombwa, uye zvitatu zvakatarisana zvichienda kune kunze zvakapiwa mauto eGeorgia ane kurwisa kushamiswa nemauto ehondo.

Zviratidzo zvepako rakaoma

Kana ukakumbira kuGeorgiya chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti vazvirumbidze, vazhinji vachati: Vardzia. Georgia (apo dombo rakakurumbira remapako riripo, takaudza pakutanga kwechinyorwa) chinyora mhondi seimwe yenzvimbo dzakapfuma munyika yose.

Nhasi ichinhu chakagadziriswa netsika, yakagadzirirwa magetsi, masitepisi anokwanisa uye masvingo akachengeteka. Mukova mukuru weguta rekumupako idiki bell tower, yakavakwa mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika. Iri rudzi rukuru rwomukati rinotungamirira kunzvimbo yepamusoro yeAssumption yeMhandara Yakaropafadzwa, iri munzvimbo yakakura. Kutema masvingo ayo, fresco yakasiyana nemaziso evatsvene, vahosi Tamara naGeorge III vane ruzivo rwakakura. Zvipfeko zvetemberi zvakavezwa nezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri zvebhaibheri. Maererano nenhau, tenzikadzi Tamara vakawana zororo pano.

Temberi yeAssumption iri munzvimbo yakadzika yedombo, uye kubva kunze kwemasango evharobhu inoonekwa, aritari inovanza chivande chakavanzika muchidiki chiduku chemidziyo uye zvipfeko zvetemberi. Nzira dzakatsetseka dzinotungamirira kune dzimwe machechi maduku uye temberi dzakavanzwa mumvura yakadzika yeguta rekumupako, panewo tsime duku rinopa mvura kumusha wemamatare ikozvino, iyo nhasi mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu ari kurarama.

Ndizvo zvakanakisisa Vardzia (Georgia). Zviratidzo zvepanyika ino hazvirevi kune imwe imba yekare yamatari. Munharaunda yeguta rine dombo unogona kuziva nhoroondo yevasvingo veTmogvi neKhertvisi, shanyira kereke yechitendero yezana remakore rechi10 Kumurdo, shanyira kunyange mwari wemapuranga ekare Vanis Kwabebi.

Vardzia (Georgia): sei ungasvika kumapako emamende muguta

Kana ukasarudza rwendo rweVardzia, tanga rwendo urwu rwakanakisisa kubva kuguta rekumaodzanyemba kweAkhaltsikhe. Iwe unogona kushandisa basa rekubhadhara motokari uye uende kubako rakaoma iwe pachako. Rwendo runotora awa. Uyewo kubva kuguta kune mabhasi ekuvhara "Akhaltsikhe (Georgia) - Vardzia". Ndekupi kwaungazogara panguva yekuzorora? Chisarudzo chaunacho chikuru. Kazhinji vafambi vanogara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzimba dzeSamtskhe-Javakheti. Iwe unogona kugara usiku humwe mumahotera maduku, mahostela kana dzimba dzekurenda dzemusha wacho pachako.

Husi kure nedzimwe dzimba dzakawanda dzakazarurirwa hotera yemazuva ano neresitorendi yeVardziarezot, iyo inotanga kufara kunofadza kweguta rekunze. Kunyanya kunakidza kuona mune rima - iyo imbasi inosimudzirwa nemwenje yakajeka. Vamwe vashanyi vanosarudza kugara muTende kana kupedza husiku pasi pezvakaisvonaka zveGeorgian sky.

Nguva dzinofadza dzevashanyi

• Guta rehavha rakasununguka kuti rifambe gore rose, kushanda maawa kunobva ma9 kusvika ku19 maawa. Kuongororwa kwemakungwa ose akaoma kunotora maawa maviri-33. Mutengo wetikiti i3 GEL (anenge 100 rubles) kuvanhu vakuru, tiketi yevana i1 GEL.
• Wakaronga here kushanyira imba yevatatu vepasi? Hazvirevi zvakawanda zvichange zvakachengetwa ne-flashlight - zhinji makoridhe uye kuchinja kwezvakaoma zvakaputirwa murima risingagoneki.
• Mumapako iyo inotonhorera kunyange pachinopisa mazuva echando, naizvozvo, paunenge uchifamba mumugwagwa, iva nechokwadi chekutora zvinhu zvinodziya newe.
• Kurongwa kwekufamba kwechikepe kunzvimbo yevatemberi yakawanda yeVardzia inoitwa neavo vose masangano ekufambisa eGeorgia.

Kana uri kuronga rwendo runofadza uye ruzivo kuburikidza nechimwe chezvikamu zvekare kare zvekunze kune dzimwe nyika - iwe unosarudza Vardzia (Georgia). Mifananidzo yemicheka yakaisvonaka yeimba yepasi pedenga uye makomo akapoteredza achafara uye achayeuchidza kwemazuva akawanda ari kuuya.