Cave maguta: kare, tsananguro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Kunyange kure kubva yevanhu kana totaura mubako maguta, izvozvo tifarire, nekuti kamwe waimiririra chimwe chinhu kujairika uye zvisinganzwisisiki. The mamiriro yekare, mishumo yakabuda anenge chiuru adarika, yakafukidzwa ngano uye zvakavanzika.

pfungwa iyoyo yakarasika

Zvaidavirwa kuti madzibaba edu aigara mumapako kuti vaishumira uye dzimba, uye mweya nzvimbo yokunamatira. Zvisinei, masayendisiti vasingabvumirani nepfungwa iyi, nokuti zvivako riri pasi pane pazasi paro. Nanhasi, zvivako izvi havana vapona, nezvose asara - iri bako, akanga akaronga kuti tsika dzechitendero uye zvinodiwa zuva nezuva.

Muzana XIX remakore, vanochera matongo vakawana zvivako zvekare, izvo zvinokonzerwa yakakanganiswa zvekungofungira makadanirwa "bako maguta". Dzemamongi, nhare misha duku inoumbwa huru chikamu, izvo akabvumira kuti funga izwi zvimiso, nekuti vanhu havana kurarama pasi pasi. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo iyi zvakanaka kwazvo nokuda matongo zvivako kuvakwa mawere mawere.

The miziyamu dzakaoma Crimea

Tinoziva wepfuma bako muna Joridhani, Turkey, Iran, China, Spain, France, Italy nedzimwe nyika. Kujairwa dzidzo rwokuzvarwa-achitarisa Akakwezva vashanyi akasiyana makona yedu rayo chakavanzika, nekuti haina kuzivikanwa vaiva kusazivikanwa vanatenzi, rakacherwa pabwe ounyanzvi.

Zvisinei, uye muna Crimea, apo kwemazana emakore paiva pundutso siyana, rakapona mubako guta, ndiko wechokwadi miziyamu zvakaoma pasi pakachena denga. Muzinda akasiyana zvivako Bakhchisaray, uye vashanyi hope kubata chakavanzika, rinotanga guta rino. Nhoroondo kuchinja mamiriro asinganzwisisiki zvivako zvekare eras uye dzinza Zvinoumba vagere, uye chinayo nemamwe tarenda ravo vaya vachikanganisa kukuru nesimba kuumba zvinoshamisa ibwe basa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti enhoroondo Zvivako kunyange kuva emunharaunda nzvimbo, dzakanga riri pedyo inokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana.

sezvivako yekare

Cave maguta Crimea, akavezwa mumatombo, vasina ukama kune chinyakare vanhu, uye vaongorori vakawanda vanodavira kuti zvivako vekare akazviratidza yaitonga kuti Byzantine Empire. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe masayendisiti havabvumirani shanduro iyi vanoti nhoroondo misha hazvigoni kuderedzwa kuti pane muenzaniso vamwe mutsa, uye ivo dzakatangira eras siyana. Vagari Maguta aya hazvigoni kunzi varwi, sezvo dzinonyanya rinotambudza riri zvokurima uye zvokutengeserana, asi pakaita zvavaigona kutora, uye maoko. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti kuderera mubako muguta, akatizwa nevagari vayo, akauya mushure Mongol nechisimba muna XIII remakore.

Mangup Kale

Riri pamusoro rwenze Babadag ibhuku rakasiyana nzvimbo ine rinoshamisa simba yaigadziriswa nevanhu kusvikira XV remakore, pakwakanga akatapwa vokuTurkey. Masayendisiti hadzibvumirani nenguva panowanikwa veko zvinokwezva. The pakukura muCrimea mubako guta Mangup-Kale, kamwe anonzi Doros, ndiro guta guru rekare ane simba weutungamiriri Theodoro. Kwe kujairika kugarwa pakutanga yakatanga kusvika I remakore BC.

Zvayaiva pedyo Bakhchisarai haripindiki nhare akavezwa mudombo zviri zvechokwadi guta chaihwo maindasitiri kugadzira, mumwe mujeri, mumwe chemindi, a kwomuchinda dzokugara, machechi echiKristu uye nezvimwe zvivako. Zvino vashanyi ona chete matongo chihombe kugarwa yekare, apo vanenge zviuru 150 vanhu. mumapako Dark, apo mhepo miridzo, twakawandawanda vakokwa kuCrimea, makanzwa pamusoro zvinoshamisa simba panzvimbo ino. Apa pane neon rinopenya balls raiva rakayangarara pamusoro kugarwa nokusunungura mudenga, uye Tibetan rama uyo akashanyira Bakhchisaray, anoti anonzwa ane simba rehondo imwe shongwe yekare.

Eski-Kermen

Havasisipo anenge ari XIV remakore, nebako guta Eski-Kermen aiva mumwe kupfuura uye dzakabudirira zvikuru. On pegomo akaidzikisa pamusoro mumapako 400, izvo zvaishandiswa mupenyu dzokugara uye dzokuchengetera imba zvinodiwa. Gare gare nhare vagari yakavakwa pamusoro-zvakohwewa zvivako, vakakomba navo kuzvidzivirira namasvingo. At moyo guta raiva netemberi huru, matongo ayo achiri kuonekwa nhasi. Kunze kwake, ipapo riri nezvimwe zvivako zvechitendero, uye vainyatsotarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa mutemberi Three vatasvi pamwe zvichengeteke murals.

Just imwe makiromita mashomanana kubva mumusha Red Poppy zvakaoma, ane zita anoshandura se "nhare wekare", enthralls vashanyi zvose. Pano pane matongo zvevhu zvivako, ivo casemates, ivo necropolis, matura, tsime kudzika mamita 30. Vashanyi vane moyo zvionerei kucheka muzvinhu gomo, dzakachinja kubvira nguva nenguva.

Tinogona kutaura kuti nhema mumatongo Eski-Kermen - chaiyo bako umambo, kupa vaenzi pamwe-siyana pachivande zvivako, vakakoniwa navo zuva rimwe. Kazhinji pamwe munhare mokupera kuvakwa kuzvidzivirira shongwe, uye pano chisikigo pachacho zvakabetsera kudzivirirwa vanhu uye akasika paneshongwe Headlands kuti vawedzere mhiri rwenze.

Masayendisiti vanofungidzira kuti munhu Ages bako kugarwa yakavakwa maererano Byzantines, asi nguva uye kukonzera rufu rwake, hapana anoziva. Zvichida rakaparadzwa Mongol varwi.

Calais

The chikuru kuzvidzivirira pakati Byzantine Empire vakaziva mubako guta Calais, musi chaiwo waakaberekwa mavambo harizivikanwi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Tatars akakunda naye pakuguma XIII remakore, asi pashure maviri emakore nhare yaiva guta guru Crimean Khanate wokutanga. Paiva akachengetwa mujeri vapfumi, vakakumbirwa kuti rudzikinuro. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakati vasungwa vaiva Polish uye nhume Russian Hetman, uyo akarwa Cossacks - old vavengi Crimean Tatars, asi kunyange ezvinhu izvi hazvina kumubatsira. Khan Haji Giray haana kuzviganhurira munhu pamusoro muvakutsiri uye vavengi, uye vakakumbira rudzikinuro wose. Asi gavhuna Russian Sheremet, uyo akabvunza sezvo zvakawanda Kazan uye Astrakhan, vakabata mukati masvingo nenhare nokuda anenge 20 makore.

Apo Tatars vakasiya guta, akagarisa Karaites vaiita kupfeka reganda. Masikati vakanga vanotengesa Bakhchisaray, uye kubvira manheru kusvikira mangwanani kurindwa Calais. New vagari dzine chokuita nomumwe rusvingo, zvichiguma mubako guta yakawedzera kukura. Zvino, yakanga muzvikamu zviviri, uye rimwe anogona kuchengeta dzavarwi oga. Zvaive munguva iyi, uye akawana zita raro, iro anoshandura se "kaviri-simba", kare shongwe. Paitonga Anna Ivanovna varwi Russian vakabata Bakhchisaray, akaparadza mubako yakaoma.

Zvinoshamisa, mumwoyo Calais imba yokudhinda yokutanga yakavakwa kuCrimea, iyo yakatanga basa rayo muna 1731. Inside guta akaronga pakupemberera basa, izvo unounza pamwe vakatendeka, kutongwa pano vaya-tsika tsika munharaunda.

Tepe-Kermen

Kana totaura pamusoro mubako maguta, hazvibviri tisingatauri chimwe chezvinhu chakavanzika Zvivako nhoroondo yedu. Ancient nhare chakatodzana chitsuwa mugwenga, akaonekwa VI remakore. Nhare, akavezwa mudombo kwete saka nyore kuparadza, sezvo pasi kuvakwa. Cave guta Tepe-Kerman, iyo yakaenzaniswa nearitari hofori, chirefu pamusoro mumupata, zvinoonekwa kure. saizi yayo haanzverwi nemasayendisiti asara zvivako, tsime vakachengetedzwa nanhasi.

Izvi zvinonzi guta akafa, riri aimbova nhoroondo zita haana vakachengetedzwa. Kubva XI kusvika XIII remakore raibudirira kugarwa, iyo yakava chikuru pakati Kacha River mumupata, asi atova XIV remakore nokuda kuramba aizotambudzazve iri Tatars mupenyu akadzimwa pano, uye chete nevagari vaiva mamongi vakanga vasara Castle mashomanana emakore.

Vanochera matongo vakawana anopfuura 250 chakagadzirwa mumapako, zvakasiyana chimiro chinangwa. Vaiva kwevafi zvivako uye zvitoro muzvitoro. Kutaura zvazviri, zvivako zvakawanda hwapedza tiers matanhatu, uye okumusoro mapuriro ikoko aigona chete kuva gomo rwenze, uye akaramba nemombe rezasi.

Zvakavanzika Ancient kuvakwa

Mapako akawanda akapfiga mikova akaita namatanda uye yakakamurwa partitions kupinda akawanda mudzimba. Masayendisiti akawana kujairika dzechitendero yakarongeka, elongated kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, uye kwete nenzira akabatana, sezvo tsika pakati pevaKristu. Asi chinonyanya kuziva ndechokuti ezvivako asingazivikanwi kuvhura hwindo ane chakavanzika: mumazuva Easter chiedza inowira, saka kuti rusvingo rinowanika marongerwo pamuchinjikwa.

Hwakazara uye menhir, akafanana ari chaishandiswa iyo, maererano vaongorori, nhema zvose simba uye simba vakaparadza guta rekare.

Multi-storey yakaoma Vardzia

Kwete chete kuCrimea unozvirumbidza rakasiyana zvinokwezva, kushanyirwa iyo excites zvokufungidzira. Georgia ndiye Vardzia - bako guta Queen Tamara, anonzi tourist mecca. Akazviratidza anenge masere emakore akapfuura, zviri wakavezwa mugomo monolith. Uye chinhu multi-storey yakaoma, riri mukati mumigwagwa, masitepisi uye tunnels. Mazana matanhatu makamuri chokuita ne nendima muchivande kuripa kureba masere imba uye zvakadzama mudombo 50 mamita.

City atiitirewo. kusvika vanhu zviuru 20, uye kunyange vakashumira ane basa yomudzimu, sezvo akanga wemamongi, nzvimbo iyo ezvivako kunge akavezwa mutembere kubvuma Musikana. The Zvivako zvechitendero zvichengetedzwe zvimedu zvinoshamisa murals vakasikwa XII remakore. Pane ngano unoti kuti mambokadzi Tamara akavigwa pano.

Apo Vardzia akatambura kudengenyeka, mubako guta rikanyarara kuva haripindiki nhare, asi mushure nechisimba eMongolia takawira yakapararawo. Nhasi nhoroondo Monument akanzi miziyamu-chengetedza.

Kubata madzitateguru zvenyika

Kuchengeta zvakavanzika zvizhinji mumaguta bako ungafananidzwa nokuda kwayo nhoroondo zvairehwa ne Ages nematende. Kushanyira nzvimbo dzekare uye kubata nyika yemadzitateguru edu haazoregi munhu hanya. Vazhinji vanoda kuziva zvakavanzika inonakidza nzvimbo uye svetuka kupinda kare mazera, uye vaya kare akashanyira mapurani zvivako, bvuma kuti vane chisingakanganwiki ruzivo.