Vologda nharaunda, Great Ustyug (guta): kare, nokuona uye tsananguro

Great Ustyug - taundi duku, uye, kufanana, unremarkable. Zvisinei, kwemazana emakore yava akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu tsika Russian North.

guta Background

Wokutanga kugarwa Russian munzvimbo iyi nheyo Rostov-Suzdal machinda kare muzana remakore rechi12. Rainzi Gleden (Glyaden), sezvo raiva pagomo refu, yakanga yakakodzera kuchengeta zvinokukanganisa. Asi tinoziva kuti kunyange asati remakore rechi9, izvozvo chaimbova Finno-Ugric ugari.

Gleden nhare kazhinji chiito uye nemafashamo inorasikira Sukhona nzizi uye South, zvishoma nezvishoma saka vanhu vakatanga kutamira anotevera maguta. Mumwe wavo akava Ustyug.

Zviya, vamwe vaongorori vanoti kuti zita reguta, Ungangove anobva South murwizi, sezvazvakanyorwa rakamiswa pedyo muromo wayo.

Mujinga Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru Monastery

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi13, Rostov Mukuru, uye ari pedyo neguta, kusanganisira Ustyug, vakatamira "utongi" pamusoro Vladimir machinda. Saka, Vsevolod Huru Nest dzinounzwa nhaka kumwanakomana wake Constantine, uyo aiva mukuru pavanakomana vake vasere.

Sezvo pfungwa dzakaitika, pakutanga Ustyug aiva munhuwo murindi revarwi vairinda uye asina guru masvingo. Izvi zvaireva kuti akanga asina kunyange vaitirei guta chaiyo mukunzwisisa iyoyo. Asi nokukurumidza Ustiug kukura kwakaita nokukurumidza, sezvo paine zvimwe muna 1212 Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru wemamongi yakatangwa. chiitiko ichi rinobatana panotanga kutaurwa muguta akanyorwa - yaMakoronike uye upenyu kwevatsvene, kusanganisira kurondedzerwa Feat ari mumongi weSaipuresi womudzimu - muvambi wemamongi.

Michael wemamongi Ngirozi Huru iripo nhasi. Monument ichi Ages chechi mapurani imwe yakakurumbira wokukwezva vashanyi kwete chete guta asi yose Vologda nharaunda. Munguva Soviet, nharaunda wemamongi miziyamu yakanga makateyiwa uye makasimbiswa gwenya chokufambisa unyanzvi chikoro. Nhasi zvakaoma akadzokera kuchechi, asi wemamongi chichiri inoperative.

"Great" Ustyug

Dhorobha waikosheswa zvikuru namachinda urongwa hwayo haina kurega mari. Kunyange apo muna 1218 Ustyug akanga sacked neDare Volga Bulgars, nokukurumidza akapora. Ungangove, ichi chaiva nokuti kuti guta rakanga riri pamuganhu Novgorod nyika, kuva nhare Russian wehurumende.

Zvadaro, kukosha Ustyug chete akakura. Saka, muna 1521 Michael wemamongi Ngirozi Huru tsamba mufambiro wakanaka kubva Third Basil - Moscow Grand Duke. Aikoshesa Ustyug uye Ivan Grozny, akamuita rimwe "oprichnina" maguta zvaireva dzimwe ropafadzo. Panguva ino, nezita musha uye akawedzera shoko "guru."

Fire uye kuvakazve

kukosha kwayo Great Ustyug akaramba kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18. Apo Petro dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana vakachinja kuRussia. Vatengesi Foreign kupinda Mukuru Ustyug. The guta akagamuchira mamiriro wepurovhinzi. Pasinei kurasikirwa upfumi kukosha, akaramba yaizivikanwa machechi dzekare uye dzimwe tsika sezvivako.

Mukupera remakore rechi18, kwakava moto makuru akawanda kuparadzwa zvachose "Posad" chikamu mumusha kusvika. wandei kugadziridza nzira dzave dzichitaurwa. The chirongwa anobvuma yakanakisisa basa pachivakwa Golubev. Imhaka zano ichi, uye akatanga ivakwe Guru Ustyug. Migwagwa enhoroondo uye nhasi vane maitiro kuti yakawanikwa panguva mabasa kudzorerwa nguva.

XX-XXI remakore

Pashure October Revolution muguta akasvika hurumende yeSoviet. Kugadzwa kwoUmambo akanga mubvunzo unokosha nokuti Ustyug Great: guta kukava muzinda unokosha rokudzidzisa (University yakavhurwa 1922), basa iri maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Bolsheviks vakaparadza vazhinji machechi akwegura uye nezvimwe zvivako, nokudaro vachikonzera kukuru kukuvara chepakutanga mapurani chitarisiko mumusha.

In mireniyumu itsva, zvatakurukura njodzi mucheto kuchinja zvakare. Not mudukusa basa izvi reDare guta kutarisira. Great Ustyug ari zvishoma nezvishoma kuva imwe yakakurumbira nzvimbo nzvimbo yeRussian North. Kuti izvi zvidaro, itsva Hotels uye varaidzo zvivako dzinokwezva zvose vakura uye vana vari kuvakwa.

zvisakamboonekwa

Great Ustyug (guta rinokudzwa uye rakanaka) kwenguva refu uye anonzi pachena mhepo miziyamu. Kwakasara zvakawanda zvivako remakore rechi19 (Usov musha Okhlopkova etc. -. A emapoka zvivakwa), uyewo Baroque sangano Simeona Stolpnika (rechi18). Rokumanikidzirwa Kushanya akafanirwa Cathedral Court apo nokufungidzira Cathedral, uchishandisa temberi kukurukurirana. Procopius Vakarurama, imba Bishop kwakaitwa muzana remakore rechi18, uye purazi zvivako akare.

handicrafts

Pakati zvinokwezva, unogona kusanganisira chirimwa "Severnaya chern". Nokuda kwayo zvigadzirwa shoko "Vologda munharaunda", "guta Veliky Ustyug" anozivikanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda munyika yedu yakakura, uye zvichida kure nemiganhu yayo. Pane kubudisa zvakasiyana-siyana matkamuistoja zvakagadzirwa nesirivha chete rinokosha blackening. Izvi pevairwara raanoziva dzakatangira muzana remakore rechi17, uye kunyange ipapo kushongedzwa of Ustyug Great nomufaro vaipfeka kwete chete vakuru mudare yeRussian chamber, asiwo kumwe.

Uye pano, kambani unoshanda "Veliky mapatani", izvo zviri kuita kurukiswa pamusoro Birch omuti uye dzakapendwa pamusoro payo.

"Kumusha Santa Claus"

Ndokupi kurarama ishe chando, asi ari Russian North! Muna 1999, vanhu vose vaiziva kuti kunyange musoro kumusha Santa Claus vaizviti maguta akawanda Russia, Ustyug Great kwainzi kupfuura akakodzera basa iri.

"Residence" uyu anodiwa vana upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova gamba - iri toerisme chirongwa, izvo kunokwezva ose gore kuguta, zviuru zvevanhu zvakawanda kubva munyika. Mukati ayo framework, akabata siyana zviitiko uye makwikwi. Uyezve, Santa Claus tsamba kubva kuvana. Chief muuki Russia, nenzira, vana vanobva kunyika dzakawanda akanyora. tsamba Mumwe anonzi zvakakodzera, uye kana addressee asingagari pasina chipo.

Kuwedzera guta dzokugara pamwechete miziyamu uye tsamba, vane nyika "patrimony Santa Claus" munharaunda musha. Ikoko, vana vachasangana n'anga pachake uye muzukuru wake - Snow Maiden. Around umbozha yemapuranga shongwe kuvakwa park, Tours kugashira munhu upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova vatambi, vaine vana mitambo, nezvirahwe uye nyaya upenyu hwaAbhigairi upenyu uye nguva.

Iva nechokwadi kushanyira Great Ustyug! Nhoroondo yeguta zvarwo, munoziva, uye kudzidza zvakawanda zvaunogona panguva yomunharaunda miziyamu. Uye musakanganwa kuunza vana venyu. Chii chinogona kuunza mufaro mukuru vana pane rwendo kushanyira Sekuru Frost!