Wheeler-munyengeri - ndiani ichi? 5 manipulators makuru XX remakore

Ndiani mukuru Wheeler-Dealer? mushingi ichi, murevi wenhema uye ane ngozi. Sei kukuru? Nokuti zvipo, Chokwadi basa kwakajeka vanonyengedza haisi nyore kupfuura virtuoso kuridza chiridzwa. Tinopa zhinji pakubiridzira anokonzera kufarira zvechokwadi. Zvavakaita, Chokwadi, zvakaipa, asi sezvavakaita, sowakajeka.

fadza conman

Pasinei chokwadi kuti fraudsters vari mbavha, kupfuura matarenda vavo vachiri kunzwa kana vasingaremekedzi, kana kupfuura zvishoma kuti tsitsi. Izvi chinokwezva akaipa vatambi vanosanganisira chikuru strategist Kuda Bender, munhu vemungano gamba. A kumumvuri chaicho odessite - Osip Benyaminovicha Shore. Future machination kukuru chikoro vemo chesekondari uye akasarudza kuramba zvidzidzo ake muSt Petersburg, asi izvozvo ndizvo zvakaitika kuti mudzidzi akatadza pasina nekobiri muhomwe yake vaifanira kudzokera kumusha.

Pano uye akatanga basa rake somunhu mushingi iye akazogadzira basa pacharo uye zvinobudirira paakakumbira basa. Shore aiva nguva kushanyira GM, yokudhirowa, moto vaongorori, uye kwete chete. Honing unyanzvi ake, Osip akatora nechekare kukwira rakaoma zvikuru. Kamwe, akatopa hurukuro pamusoro itsva rudzi mhazha huku, uye kwete saka, uye somunhu anokudzwa muzvinadzidzo! Asi sezvo vanoti, zvakadini tambo kana curl they, harisati magumo achava. Somugumisiro, Shore vabatwa uye vakauya pamwe vatevedzere mutemo. Muna 1922 akatevera chichifamba kuMoscow uye kujairirana Valentin Kataev, nemhaka iyo yose akadzidza unyanzvi Kuda Bender, iyo mushingi guru uye Wheeler-munyengeri.

Mwanasikana shoroma

Sezvinoratidzwa nezvave dzakaratidza kuti scams huru inogona kwete chete varume. Izvi kunozivikanwa Sonka - Golden Hand, uye Moscow adventuress Olga of Stein, uye American Elizabeth Bigley. Kana zvapedzisira, upenyu mudzimai uyu aiva pfupi, asi penya. Iye nounyanzvi aitamba mabasa avo, kuchinja mazita avo sezvo magiravhusi uye akaputsa kupinda mhepo vanopfuura miriyoni remadhora dzavatorwa.

At 22, iye akabatwa cheki chitsotsi, saka iye vainyepedzera kuva anopenga, uye iye akasunungurwa mangwanani. Kunzwa kunhuwirira mari, Elizabeth haana kugona kurega. Iye akabva kuCanada kusvika US mamiriro Cleveland uye anoedza pachake basa rimwe kufembera, ane nguva kushanda kuronga hadzi mueni imba imwe, iyo yaiva yepfambi. Mumwe vakokwa kudanana naye uye akaroorwa zvinotora. Asi ichi chikonzero kuparadzana nezvinhu waunoda?

Kuva munhu socialite, akatanga makuhwa pamusoro vemungano ukama shoroma Endryu Karnegi ndokugadzira wevimbiso katsamba zvakawanda madhora mamiriyoni maviri. The nhau yakapararira munyika pakarepo, uye mabhanga vari kukwikwidzirana kupa minamato yavo mugari wenhaka. Sezvo vakawanda nemakore 8 okuberekwa, akanga ari mwanasikana shoroma uye azvishambidze muumbozha. Pakupedzisira vanonyengedza yakanga pachena, uye Erizabheti akanga ari dhoku. Pamusangano akauya vasingafungiri "baba" adventuress - Endryu Karnegi, uyo akanga dzinonakidza kwazvo pakuonekera kwavo "muzukuru".

Atengesa Eiffel Tower

Wheeler-munyengeri - munhu anokwanisa kutengesa munhu eskimo chando uye gungwa mukwasvi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza uye gangaidzo zviitiko XX remakore aiva nezvakawanda kutengesa Eiffel Tower kuParis, kaviri. Ndiani uyu mukuru Wheeler-Dealer? Yaiva Victor Lustig, uyo, kufanana nemamwe fraudsters virtuoso, akatanga bhizimisi wake makore okuyaruka. Saka, mumakore 20, vakakwanisa kutengesa Kunyepa muchina kudhinda mari yokunyepera. Atamisa muna 1920 kusvika kuUnited States, iye kutorwa iye musoro count, zvichipomerwa akataura mitauro 5, anokwanisa zvakanaka kuitisa uye pachavo kupa munharaunda, uye pakupedzisira, zvose masuo akanga akazaruka kwaari. Runyerekupe ane nayo kuti Lustig kunyange vakakwanisa kupedza Al Kapone.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru kubiridzira yave kutengesa yakakurumbira shongwe kuParis. akagadzirira zvakanaka, wakati ndokugadzira magwaro anodiwa uye anobvisa hwomutambarakede kuhotera kamuri, Victor yakazivisa nyoro kuti kutenga simbi chinyorwa chinzvimbo uye artistically kuputirwa vose vechikamu. The weNobel akaisa mari yakawanda kutenga shongwe, uye kana kubiridzira wawanikwa, ari anokorovhera akanga asisiri muguta. kutengeserana uku Lusztig saka akafuridzirwa kuti akasarudza kudzokorora chitsotsi, zvisinei, asingagoni kudziviswa panguva ino kurangwa. Chero angangodaro unyanzvi wezvakashata, ndiko kunonyanya mutadzi, pakupedzisira anoguma ava mutorongo. Uye zvakaitika. Pakupedzisira, Victor aiva yevasungwa centre rinonzi "Alcatraz".

The munyengeri mukuru

An dzinonakidza hunhu-anokorovhera raiva Ferdinand Demaria, uyo akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa "ari anoedzesera guru". Kufanana nyanzvi mutambi, iye anoedza pamusoro ounyanzvi hwokugadzira akadai injiniya, Mutevedzeri SHERIFF, wadheni. Nokuda yepanyama tarenda yokuberekwazve, akakwanisa kushanyira mumongi, wepfungwa, gweta, mudzidzisi, nyanzvi.

unyanzvi hwake zvechokwadi akaratidza ushingi, umo aitambisa chiremba, kwete chete chiremba uye ane ruzivo chiremba. Chii chinonyanya unoshamisa, akakwanisa kuita dzinoverengeka vakabudirira kushandiswa, rinoponesa upenyu vezvikepe ari mungarava rechiuto. Mushure nokufumura mukuru haana kunyange kuda kushandisa nokuti munyengeri kudare, uye akamuregedza achienda kumba norugare.

saonekwa

Zvichida dzepamusorosoro Wheeler-munyengeri - ndiye Frenk Abigneyl, uyo akava kukurumbire pashure firimu "Muiti Me Kana Raunogona." Kunyange asati kuuya zera wechidiki anokorovhera aiwana chouviri nepfungwa dzake, cashing nyepera macheki. Gare gare akadzidza kurei mari shenanigans.

Raiva chaizvo saonekwa Wheeler-munyengeri, uyo nguva dzose danho mberi. Frank vakachinja nyore mazita uye magwaro. Zvinoshamisa, akakwanisa kuwana co-mutyairi chokuyananisa Civil Aviation, kushanda chiremba uye gweta. Akanga nhaka munyika gumi uye akaiswa pamusoro dzakawanda aida pasi. Pakupedzisira, Ngavabatwe France, akatumirwa kuUnited States uye raifanira kunyimwa rusununguko kwemakore 12. Asi nemhaka pamwe chete FBI yakabudiswa mangwanani.

Izvi kashoma chinoitika, asi nyaya ine nokuguma yakanaka. Criminal kare hazvina kumutadzisa kuva mhuri murume, kuti imba yakanaka, bhizimisi zviri pamutemo uye kuti uwane. Pashure kwemamiriro chirongwa Frank Kubiridzira akasikwa kuti mabhanga. Akashandura kutungamirira kwake tsotsi simba mune rugare Chokwadi hapana chinogona kuitwa, unyanzvi munhu chipo zvose!

In mhedziso

Nokudaro, "Wheeler-munyengeri", maererano duramazwi Ozhegova - munhu aidaro kubiridzirwa, zviito enhema, izvo siyana haisi pachena nokuda Article ichi. Shoko yakawanda anoreva zvakafanana: tucked, dodger, namasuwo, musvetuki, mushingi uye kunyange mwanakomana pfuti. Mashoko ose aya akakodzera vose munyengeri mukuru, iro takakurukura munyaya.