Zano racho London Muchivande: nhoroondo uye ano chinzvimbo

Scheme London Underground ine nhepfenyuro 270, 11 mitsetse, zvachose wakareba zvakaenzana 402 makiromita. Zuva nezuva, ichi mhando chokufambisa dzinoshandiswa vagari vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu uye vakokwa guru British. Logo London Underground mumwe vanonyanya kutaurwa dzakakurumbira mutsika yose anobudiswa uye vakatengesa zvipfeko uye nenhumbi pamwe Logo kambani namano pevhu.

History zvisikwa uye mamiriro

okutanga zuva kuchiteshi muLondon yakawira January 10, 1863. mutsetse wokutanga ainzi "Metropolitan reyluey" iye ndokusungira maviri pakukura chiteshi. Muna 1890, yokutanga London Muchivande nezvitima vanotanga kushanda electrically. Kusvikira 1933, kuvakwa uye kukura mitsetse inopiwa private makambani. Kusikwa weDhipatimendi Passenger Transport Hwabatanidza vapinde kusaroora hurongwa.

Panguva Second World War razova chinhu chinokosha pevhu utiziro kubhomba pamusoro rugare nevanhu veguta. November rechi18, 1987 vagari London rakayeukwa kamwe yaizotangira moto. Pazuva iroro, zvinhu kwakauraya upenyu vanhu matatu. Muna July 2005, nhepfenyuro dzakawanda zvazova kuda kurwiswa nemagandanga. Somugumisiro, ina kwakarongeka rinoparadza mu nezvitima matatu akauraya vanhu 56 uye Ndege ina kuzviuraya.

Pari, Zano iri London Muchivande ari panzvimbo yechina pakati wakarebesa munyika, shure Seoul, Beijing uye Shanghai. Vagari guru rinonzi chimiro ichi pakufamba The Tube (Engl. "Zvikwepa") nokuda Maumbirwe tunnels.

Lines uye London Muchivande chiteshi

Sezvambotaurwa, guta guru pevhu British rine mitsara 11, ina dziri njere, mumwe - rakadzika. Funga mumwe oga:

• "District" (runotaurwa ari dhayagiramu munyoro ruvara uye rine 60 nhepfenyuro);
• "Met" (ruvara chiteshi 34);
• "Circumferential" (tsvuku, 36 dzemapurisa);
• "North" (dema, 50 dzemapurisa);
• "Waterloo & City" (cyan, chiteshi 2);
• "Central" (tsvuku, 49 dzemapurisa);
• "Beykerloo" (Brown, 25 dzemapurisa);
• "Piccadilly" (rima zvitema, 53 dzemapurisa);
• "Victoria" (zvitema, 16 dzemapurisa);
• "Anniversary" (sirivha, 27 dzemapurisa);
• "Hammersmith & City" (Pink, 29 dzemapurisa).

Muna 2007, mutsetse Eastern yakavharwa kuti pedutu. Makore mana pashure buri raro, yakava rutivi yakakwirira zvifambiso. Scheme London Underground rinewo migove akadai "London Overground" uye "Docklands Light Railway".

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• The chakarebesa nzira iri zvakananga rwendo kubva pachiteshi "West Raislip" kuti "Epping" - 54,9 makiromita uye ndedzoupenyu awa nemaminitsi 28.
• On munharaunda "Stratford" ndiyo escalator (4 metres), uye wakarebesa iri vaiva chiteshi "Angel" (60 mamita).
• The chaizvo gobvu yemapurisa inonzi "Hampstead", icho chiri ari kudzika 59 metres kubva yakati mumugwagwa.
• Kanenge kudzika (5.2 metres) riri chiteshi "Redbridge".
• "Waterloo" ndiyo Neine Basa Chaizvo yemapurisa of London Muchivande. Mugore, mutakurwi motokari pano vanhu mamiriyoni 82.
• "District" mutsetse ine vakawanda nhepfenyuro (60), uye duku - "Waterloo & City" (2).

patani

Pakutanga London Muchivande zano rakanga pamwe map muguta iro, sezvo kuwandisa ichi mhando pakufamba, kuoma kuona omumwe vatakurwi. Gare gare, muna 1933 na Garri Bek akagadzira bhurocha mashoko, wakaisa rwokuyera schematic kumashure, pane nenzvimbo, uye munhu wose akagadza ruvara.

Unique zvokufananidzira Fonts, zvakanyorwa shoko Underground pamusoro yebhuruu background, ndiye akasika Edward Johnston muna 1916. Logo pamwe akanyorwa pamusoro pamakore ekutanga ivepo yave kuzivikanwa nemazita akadai sokuti "chipfuro" uye "chenzombe ziso". Zviri dzvuku denderedzwa, izvo zvinopfuura nepakati rwebhuruu mutsetse. Mugadziri chiratidzo ichi vachiri kuzivikanwa. Pashure modes zvose pakufamba kuuya pasi pesimba Transport kuti London, chiratidzo ichi chakatanga kuiswa kuna tekisi chiteshi, bhazi, chitima, DLR nevamwe.

Nhasi kufamba pamusoro London Underground, unogona enzanisa nyore pamwe kuenda Museum of Modern Art. Advertising nzvimbo zvino sohunobishairira akazara nhetembo uye uri mifananidzo, nokudaro zvichiita kuti pave nomufaro kumunetsawo pakati vanhu. Izvi vashanyi uyewo zviito kufara uye vashanyi muguta, pasinei nokuti mari akura yokufamba, zvichienderana zoning kuti paavhareji 3 makirogiramu. matikiti zvevana mari hafu mutengo.