Zvakarukwa akitekicha. The nemamiriro date yedzimudzangara Network uye midziyo

Nhasi, pfungwa nemambure kubatana hazvishamisi. Zvisinei, vakawanda vedu panguva nezvavo kunyange vaifunga zvakawanda chii chinoumba akwirwe akadai nomumbure uye basa basa. Ngatiedzei kufunga nyaya iyi muchidimbu, nokuda network uye zvavanokwanisa munyika ano unogona kunyora rose monograph.

Network akitekicha: pemarudzi chikuru

Saka, sezvinotevera kubva inokosha kududzirwa rokuti, kombiyuta network uri mumwe nhamba zviteshi (hrs, Laptops, mobile namano) interconnected kuti, chaizvoizvo, anoumba nomumbure.

To musi, pane mhando mbiri chikuru kwokubatana: wired that uye Wireless kushandisa chokuita nomukombiyuta router akadai Wi-Fi-router. Asi ichi ndicho chete muromo iceberg. Kutaura zvazviri, pomumbure mapurani kunosanganisira kushandisa anoverengeka zvinoriumba, uye saka angava akasiyana kupatsanura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva iyoyo pane mhando nhatu network:

• nditarisise network;
• Network vakazvitsaurira servers;
• vakaberekwa network kuti zvinosanganisira mhando dzose nodes.

Uyezve, imwe yoga muboka iri kutepfenyura, zvomunharaunda, matunhu neminisiparati, private network, uye dzimwe mhando pose. Ngationei vanogara dzinokosha idzi.

Description of marudzi network

Ngatitange pamwe pomumbure pamusana pamwe, "hondo kusvikira yeGmail.END_STRONG network." Sezvo zviri pachena, pane hune nzvimbo anofukidza musimboti chinouraya, zvaakatadzisa kurapa mambure uye zvose yenhengo dzayo. Client zviteshi zvinogona chete kutumira nekukumbirira vavanozivana ramangwana - kugamuchira mashoko. The chikuru chinouraya ari mambure irege kutamba basa nemhosva muchina.

Kufurirwa network, anowanzonzi Kutarisisa, napakutanga mhando pakuti zvinhu zviri zvakafanana anoparadzirwa pakati ose kunofambidzana zviteshi. Muenzaniso nyore unogona kunzi inofanira kudhanilodha mafaira vachishandisa hova. Kwokupedzisira mufananidzo zvizere kana zvishoma akatakura sezvo vangava zviteshi siyana. User gadziriro, zvinonzi akatakura pamusoro kombiyuta yako, uchishandisa zvose aripo zvinhu pamusoro pomumbure kuti kukopa chikamu faira. The zvakawanda, dzakanga mwero jekiseni. Mumidziyo ichi kugadzirisa hakukoshi. The chikuru ezvinhu ndechokuti yeGmail.END_STRONG muchina kwave yakaiswa software rakakodzera. Zviri kuda kuti yeGmail.END_STRONG kukumbira.

Mavakirwo "nemhosva-Server" ndiyo nyore. Kubatana pakati kombiyuta zviteshi (hazvina basa izvo nenzira anogadzirwa) kunzwisisa nyore kunogona achimiririrwa raibhurari yokutandarira, ine chitoro kana bookshelves (nechepakati Server) nematafura apo vaenzi tarisa zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva echiShinto.

Zviri pachena kuti pane ukama pachena: mushanyi anouya kuraibhurari yakanyorwa kana atopiwa vakanyorwa pachavo Data (zvakarukwa kuzivikanwa pahwaro ari ravakapiwa IP-kero), ipapo anotsvaka anodiwa mabhuku (zvakarukwa mubvunzo) pakupedzisira anotora bhuku uye anoverenga nayo.

Sezvingatarisirwa, fananidzo ndiyo chinyakare, nekuti network ano zvikuru kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa zviri nyore sechivako muenzaniso uyu kwezvatiri zvakakwana.

Mibvunzo kuongorora zviteshi

Zvino mashoko mashomanana sei kubudisa kuzivikanwa richikurukura makombiyuta chero mhando. Kana munhu asingazivi chinhu chinouraya kana iwe batanidza iri basa maviri Type IP-kero, kana, kupfuura kungoti, yakasiyana identifier: nechinzwano zvekunze. kero Internal hakusi akasiyana. Asi kwokunze IP - hungu. Munyika hapana michina vaviri pamwe chete IP. Izvi ndizvo anotibvumira kuziva chero Gadget, kana kombiyuta chinouraya kana foni zvakanakisisa.

Nokuti zvose izvi rinoenderana zvakakodzera Protocol. Pari rakajairika uye rinonyanya kushandiswa ndiye IPv4. Zvisinei, sezvo tsika inoratidza kare akararama pacharo, sezvo yava kukwanisa kupa rakasiyana kero chokuita zvakawedzera nokuwanda yeGmail.END_STRONG mano. Imboona Mobile zvokushandisa, nekuti pamusoro gumi apfuura rave richishandiswa midziyo zvekuti anenge munhu wose wechipiri munyika ine panguva yayo achigona chete mbozha.

The IPv6 dzakati

Saka, zvose zviri zviviri mavakirwo pomumbure, kunyanya paIndaneti, akatanga kuchinja. Uye kutsiva wechina shanduro akauya wechitanhatu (IPv6). Huchiri rakafara chaizvo siyana mafomu asina kugamuchira Zvisinei, zvichipomerwa, ramangwana hakusi kure, uye nokukurumidza inenge basa rinobatsirwa zvose kugovera telecommunication mabasa, izvozvo kuchaita kuti dzakati (pasi Kuwanikwa vanoshingaira DHCP Server rechitanhatu shanduro).

Nditongerei woga, nokuti pamwe protkola ichi ichipa 128-ikakuruma kero bhuku unokubvumira zvakawanda kero pane kushandisa wechina shanduro.

vakazvitsaurira servers

Zvino funga akazvitsaurira Server. Rokuti anotaura pacharo: vari rakagadzirirwa mamwe mabasa chaiwo. Nehasha kutaura, iri mhando chaiyo chaivo Internet Server, zvakazara muridzi nokuda anoishandisa, Anogamuchira kunze. Ndiwo zvinoreva Web Hosting, kana muridzi chikuru chinogona kubva MAPODCAST anogona kuiswa akazvitsaurira nzvimbo chero ruzivo.

Uyezve, nokuti kuchengeteka roja haasi iye anokonzera, kureva munhu rents Server nzvimbo rendi. Mienzaniso servers kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera chaizvo chaizvo. Zvino iwe tsamba, uye mitambo, faira kugoverana, uye mapeji pachedu (harifaniri kuvhiringidzwa nenhoroondo dzavo munzanga network uye basa iri mhando), uye zvakawanda.

zvomunharaunda Area network

Local nzvimbo network, kana sezvo unowanzonzi, "lokalku", akaronga tichibatanidza kupinda rimwe vashomanana zviteshi. Lan Architecture maererano connectivity, sezvo kare kunzwisiswa, uye ingava that no wired kubatana, uye VPN kuwana mhando. In ichi uye imwe nyaya, zvinoda akwirwe kuti mutariri tenzi Server. Network Services muchiitiko ichi, unogona kushanda nenzira hunyambiri muoti: otomatiki kuzivikanwa (kero hurukuro neimwe machine) kana Chinyorwa chiyamuro.

Local nharaunda network, pfungwa, vane nevamwe kuchiitwa randinogara chete pakuti chero chirwere kunyoresa (iyo isina zvaida Somuenzaniso, nditarisise kunyatsotarira network) , uye musimboti Server (ndinoiitawo arun). Uyezve, kuwana "rassharennye" mashoko vangava zvizere kana shoma. Zvose zvinoenderana pazviruva. Zvisinei, kana iwe tarisa kunyange panguva anonzi gore mabasa, ivo, chokwadi, hazvina rakapotsa network, apo vanoshandisa vari ndohwechokwadi uye kugamuchira kodzero kuwana mamwe mashoko, download kana Edit mafaira, uye zvichingodaro. D. Panguva dzimwe nguva kunyange inopa mawa yekupindurwa faira mukati munguva chaiyo.

Mavakirwo Internet: zvishoma nhoroondo

Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kuenda pomumbure, iro nhasi ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose munyika. Chokwadi, zviri Indaneti kana World Wide Web. Internet kuonekwa kumumvuri of ARPANET - kutaurirana dzakabudirira rechiuto zvinangwa muUnited States muna 1969. Zvadaro, Zvisinei, izvozvo akaedzwa kubatana chete pakati nodes vaviri, asi nenguva kubatanidza kune zvakarukwa uchishandisa waya akawanikwa kunyange zviteshi muUK.

zvikuru chete gare gare, apo paiva kuzivikanwa inobva TCP / IP dzakati uye hurongwa basa Domain mazita, uye pakanga nhasi ratinoti Indaneti.

Kazhinji, rinenge vakatenda kuva paIndaneti hapana chinokosha chete Server apo vose mashoko inogona kuchengetwa. Hongu, nhasi, uye dhisiki Zvifambiso kukwanisa kwakadaro haako. ruzivo kose zvakaparadzira pakati mazana ezviuru nomumwe servers ose siyana. Nemamwe mashoko, Indaneti anogona zvakafanana zvakabatanidzwa vezera, uye kuti chemasanganiswa network. With zvose izvi pamusoro chete muchina, unogona kusika dandemutande pachako Server wako, waasingazotorerwi chete dzichengete nemambure Kurongwa kana kuponesa mashoko aunoda, asi kuti izvi zviwanikwe kune dzimwe vanoshandisa. Kuparadzirwa Wi-Fi - pane haisi muenzaniso nyore?

Basic parameters uye pazviruva

Kana ari parameters uye zviruva, zvose nyore. Kazhinji, Chinyorwa hwomukova IP network, DNS kana Marshal servers kwenguva refu nguva haina kushandiswa. Asi, chero ISP anopa otomatiki Kuzivikanwa kombiyuta kana foni iri pemambure.

In Windows anotsanangura hurongwa kuwana pazviruva izvi unoitwa nomukombiyuta pomumbure ehupfumi vane sarudzo IPv4 parameters (kana, kana kumhanya, IPv6). Kazhinji, ari chaizvo siyana zvinosanganisira otomatiki kugamuchirwa kero, izvo hakubvisi Chinyorwa date mukova. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyanya kana rakamiswa RDP-yeGmail.END_STRONG (kure kuwana) kana kupa kuwana dzimwe mabasa chaiwo, Chinyorwa mashoko mukova kunodiwa.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, kunzwisisa chii mavakirwo pomumbure, zvarwo, zvakaoma chaizvo haasi. Zvikurukuru, pano isu atakurukura chete huru zvebasa sangano emimbure kutsanangura munhu, kunyange mano User kuti mubvunzo uyu, saka kutaura pamusoro minwe. Kutaura zvazviri, chokwadi, zviri zvikuru kwakatooma, nekuti hatina yaibata pfungwa DNS servers, Marshal, DHCP, kunoita, uye zvichingodaro. E. uyewo nyaya chokuita software. Kunenge kuti kunyange ruzivo urwu usingashandi zvakakwana kunzwisisa marongerwo mirayiridzo inokosha kushanda network chero mhando.