Zvinhu akaisa mapurani. Heavy michini: nzvimbo zvinhu

Zvokuimba ouinjiniya chinokosha kwemauto hwenyika. Rinopa michina nemidziyo yose nzvimbo upfumi, uye unoberekawo zvemumba zhinji vaida vanhu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Munyaya ino inokosha zvinhu kuti pakugovera engineering vavo kukosha kuti pagadzirwe-siyana zvokushandisa.

Zvokuimba ouinjiniya - chinokosha kukura National upfumi

Zvokuimba ouinjiniya anoitiswa Kurayira chinzvimbo maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kunokanganisa pokumuka sectors zvose upfumi basa. Rinoreva zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, pamwero munyika yayo kuzvidzivirira. In dzakabudirira, injiniya zvinokuhwandira kumativi 35% kwakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa. A chinokosha engineering zvigadzirwa munyika idzi huru-siyana nhumbi chemhando yepamusoro uye kwayo kuita makwikwi.

Zvinoumba injiniya yakaoma uye mamiriro ayo

Zvokuimba ouinjiniya ane nani zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye ine maindasitiri kupfuura 70 vakasiyana. nzvimbo yaro chikuru vanoonekwa zvemagetsi, robotics, nezvifambiso uye okurima michina, muchina maturusi, kugadzira ndege, locomotives uye ngoro.

Machine-kuvaka yakaoma ine zvakawanda zvinokosha zviri chokuita nzvimbo inoshandiswa vachikanganisa. Chokutanga, indasitiri kunokosha kuti ukuru kukura specialization (mugadziri unobereka imwe mhando chigadzirwa) uye pamwe (kana makambani akawanda vari kushanda pagadzirwe nenhumbi). Chechipiri, pane zvimwe zvinoita kuti kukanganisa placement pamusoro zvokuimba okugadzira. Zvichienderana specialization kuti maindasitiri, mubatanidzwa wavo dzingasiyana. Somuenzaniso, motokari chirimwa unobereka dzapedza motokari, asi ayo kugadzirwa anoshandisa zvinoriumba ayo anotengwa kubva mamwe mabhizimisi. Muchiitiko chino, chinhu chinokosha munzvimbo placement motokari ouinjiniya itsime kunyatsobudirira chokufambisa Network.

Zvinhu vakagovera namatavi engineering

Nezvoupfumi kuziva huru zvinoita kuti yekudyidzana kukanganisa placement pamusoro zvokuimba okugadzira:

• simbi kunwa;
• dzevanhu pfuma;
• mbishi zvinhu hwaro;
• tsvakurudzo umbirimi;
• spatial pfungwa;
• mutengi chikonzero.

Zvinenge mapazi ose chikuru zvikonzero zviri zvokuimba okugadzira placement sezvo pakutsvakurudza zvakanyanya uye basa. The reshiyo uye uwandu zvimwe zvinhu mumwe mhando engineering zvingasiyana yekudyidzana. Somuenzaniso, kukura rokurima zvakaoma munyika kunoita kuti kukura kudiwa zemleobrabatyvayuschee michina. Saka, panodikanwa kuti akudziridze zvokurima michina. Zvinhu vakagovera yepamusorosoro Mazinga (zvemagetsi, makombiyuta) vari kuderedzwa munzvimbo pane nhamba yakakwana dzinokwanisa nyanzvi uye mukana aite kuedza yesayenzi uye tsvakurudzo.

Kupatsanura engineering Mazinga

The chete zvinhu ouinjiniya placement vamwe mabhizimisi kungava nzira dzinokosha kukosha, uye vamwe kukanganisa chete zvishoma. Maererano nenheyo iyi, nezvoupfumi vakakamura michina indasitiri mapoka matatu: rinorema, avhareji uye nhamba.

rinorema ouinjiniya

ichi mhando engineering indasitiri dzinoratidzwa vakuru mari simbi uye vashoma kunzwisisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa zvinhu nokubikwa, migodhi, metallurgia uye migodhi midziyo, rinorema michina, locomotives uye motokari, zvikepe makuru. All nzvimbo idzi vari kunzwisisa chinhu rinorema michina. Zvinhu achiisa akaitwa dzakadaro - yakatsvuka zvinhu nechigadziko uye mutengi. Saka, muna maumbirwo kugadzirwa mari zvinomera izvi zvichidhura mbishi zvinhu zviri kubva 40 kusvika 80%. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vari akaisa pedyo metallurgia mabhizimisi uye pamisika.

Under rinorema ouinjiniya Mazinga anopindura rinokosha nzvimbo simba engineering, izvo zvinoita emagetsi, chiutsi turbines, boilers, injini kuti rwizi uye gungwa midziyo. Companies dzakadaro kunyanya iri kumatunhu pamwe zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira muchina-kuvaka yakaoma, apo zvikuru vanokwanisa mudonzvo basa. The ichocho riri kuwedzera kugadzirwa nokuchengetedza michina inoremerwa michina. Kazhinji, nzira dzakadaro kubudisa batch diki kuitira kuti muchina-kuvaka emakambani munyika kana counterparties dzavatorwa.

Pedyo mutengi wakaiswa kwakadaro chokufambisa muchina chivakwa maindasitiri, sezvo kugadzirwa yemagetsi uye Diesel locomotives, ngoro uye ngarava. Saka, shipbuilding ruchigona gungwa zvengarava, kunyange indasitiri ane zvimwe zvinetso. Chokwadi ndechokuti anokosha michina inodiwa kuvaka ngarava ano. Naizvozvo, shipbuilding rakarongwa panheyo co-kushanda nedzimwe makambani kuti kupa zvikamu, nenhumbi, uye kunyange makagadzirira akagadzirwa zvikamu nhumbi.

Middle michini

The chikuru zvinhu izvi boka pekugara injiniya - unyanzvi uye simba. Kunosanganisira kugadzirwa yakaderera simbi tigutsikane uye kudiwa manpower.

The boka ine Medium Machine Building Company, ayo achishandisa rakamanikana specialization inozivikanwa uye hwakabatana pamwe nerubatsiro majana mabhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa zvokushandisa rokudhinda, zvokudya uye chiedza indasitiri. The chikuru Bazi Medium Machine chinhu kugadzirwa motokari. indasitiri ino zvakare manufactures Motors, mabheyaringi, zvemagetsi uye zvichingodaro. D.

mukuru michini

Izvi boka ouinjiniya rinosanganisira makambani kuti dzidzira kweShanduro michina uye kwesayenzi midziyo nokuda zvemakemikari, mafuta namatanda Mazinga. Kunosanganisirawo zvirimwa kuti pave motokari uye mamwe zvokurima michina. In sechivako ichi mhando okuwana kurasikirwa chikamu chikuru mari kushanda rendi (30%), dzasara mari - mbishi zvinhu uye simba. Saka placement pamusoro emakambani ane boka rino kunobva mutengi chinhu, misika uye basa.

Somuenzaniso, funga zvokurima mapurani. Zvinhu akaisa Indasitiri ichi - nevatengi kudiwa, mbishi zvinhu, munhu dzakabudirira zvifambiso kubatana. Pokutanga kukura zvokurima okugadzira ndiyo mutengi chikonzero. Hazvina kubva pamberi kudiwa nematarakita anofamba, rinobatanidza nezvimwe michina okurima kuvimba vhoriyamu uye pamwero okuwana.

ouinjiniya Geography

Zvinhu placement ouinjiniya emakambani kutamba inokosha basa upfumi kunyika dzose, kusanganisira zvose zvenyika jogirafi. Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo zhinji Canada, Argentina, chikamu Australia, vamwe US rinoti kwemazana emakore vanozivikanwa munzvimbo zvokurima. Munzvimbo idzi pane mukuru kudiwa zvokurima zvokushandisa uye michina. A nokukurumidza rejuvenation uye kukura chavagari munyika dzakawanda Asian chinokosha kukanganisa placement avo munharaunda akaitwa, kushandisa pakuburitswa dzeimba midziyo yemagetsi uye Electronics.