Zvinoshamisa mabasa "Mozart uye Salieri" pfupiso Pushkin raMwari

Dambudziko "Mozart uye Salieri" ndiyo imwe kamuri kutenderera mabasa inoshamisa Alexander Pushkin, izvo munyori pachake rinonzi "Little Nematambudziko". Akanyorwa 1830, ivo akamutsa kwouzivi uye dzetsika kuti zvaikosha kuti nyanduri uye ake denderedzwa yomukati: basa wematambudziko, kusiyana manzwiro rudo unyengeri zvetsika nzanga mu "The Stone Guest"; simba rokuparadza mari mu "The Miserly Knight"; munhu uye naMwari hunhu shasha, nezvomutoro wake mabasa ake uye anoshanda mu "Mozart uye Salieri"; smeryatsya kusada nemamiriro, mumwe kutsutsumwa pamusoro fatalism weupenyu "mutambo munguva Cholera."

"Mozart uye Salieri"

Dambudziko "Mozart uye Salieri", pfupiso iyo inogona kuderedzwa muduku restatement - philosophically yakadzika akapfuma chigadzirwa. Munyori anoona zvichikosha kuti mumwe nomumwe zvechokwadi matarenda mushandi ounyanzvi nyaya dzakadai kana shasha zvakaipa zvakadai, uye kana rucharamba pashure shasha ichi. Chii chinofanira akatakurwa navanhu unyanzvi vanhu? Ko shasha ari unyanzvi mari kuti vanhuwo zvavo, vasina kukwana murume muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye vamwe vakawanda. Nokuti, hazvinei kangani haana kuverenga yepakutanga "Mozart uye Salieri", pfupiso kunoshamisa basa, nokuti pane nguva dzose ine kufunga muverengi, chinhu dzifunge.

Hwaro tsaona akaisa norunyerekupe kuti munyori Antonio Salieri kuti godo rave chepfu ari shasha pakati Mozart. Direct uchapupu Chokwadi, kuti hakuna mhosva. Asi zvakakosha Pushkin. Nokutora gakava mutikitivha nyaya yakadaro, mudetembi anorodza ake uye tifunge poruponeso nei Salieri anosarudza kugumisa upenyu shamwari yake penya? Shanje ichi kana zvimwewo? Zvinoita kurondedzera shasha uye Artisan? Kubva pakutanga kuverenga "Mozart uye Salieri", pfupiso kwaiita nhamo, Chokwadi, hazvina. In Pushkin vanofanira kufunga nezvazvo!

Saka, Salieri. We anomuchingura pakutanga basa. Kuwana pamusoro pamakore, caressed nokuda mukurumbira, iye anoyeuka nhanho yokutanga mumhanzi. Paaiva jaya, ndichinzwa tarenda rake, iye, zvisinei, haana kuda kutenda pachavo, kudzidza mabasa vaimbi makuru uye kuvatevedzera, anonzwisisa "kubvumirana nemasvomhu", kwete kusika mumhanzi yakafuridzirwa, maererano kutiza mweya wake uye fungidziro, sezvakaita ini ndiri shasha, asi "Unscrambling ave chitunha," kuti vanoumba, pasingaverengwi manotsi uye zvavo zvakasiyana neimwe chord uye ruzha. Uye chete wakati vainyatsoongorora dzidziso yacho zvigadziriswe yokuita nziyo, ayo mitemo, Salieri pachake akatanga kunyora, kupisa zvikuru, chinhu mushure captious kutsoropodza, kusiya. Zvishoma nezvishoma akasvika pakuzivikanwa, kuzivikanwa. Asi mukurumbira wake munyori "akatambura": Kunyora kwaari - basa rakaoma. Anonzwisisa kuti hachisi Tenzi - mudzidziri webasa kuti unyanzvi kwazvo. Asi haana shanje vaya zvikuru nomukurumbira uye unyanzvi, nokuti gamba anoziva kuti vanhu vakararama panguva yake makawana mukurumbira mumimhanzi indasitiri, zvakare, nemhaka rakaoma, okunyatsoshanda. Mukuita kudaro, vachaenzana.

Mozart ndeimwewo nyaya, "reveler simbe." Anonyora penya zvinhu nyore, Hazviiti uye achiseka sokunge muuzivi okugadzira zvinhu, izvo kwenguva refu pautsva uye zvakasikwa pachake Salieri. Mukomana shasha yatisingazivi salerivsky austerity, nedzidziso kuranga uye kutya kubva akagamuchira canons ounyanzvi. Mozart anoshanda sezvo kufema: zvakasikwa, maererano hunhu tarenda rake. Zvichida ichi ndicho dzinoronga kubudikidza Salieri.

"Mozart uye Salieri", pfupiso payo, bikai pasi, chaizvoizvo, kuti womukati nharo Salieri pachake. Yaanosarudza chinetso: Ko iwe vanoda Mozart? Agadzirira kana ikozvino ndiyo nguva kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa mumhanzi wake? Ko isuwo kuti shasha munguva yake? Ndosaka Antonio Mozart anoenzanisa nengirozi kerubhi rakajeka iye asvika pasi, rive Kutsiura vanhu nokusakwana kwavo. Mozart, kuisa okugadzira zvinhu zvenyu mumwe aesthetic uye zvetsika zvine nemizariro, kune rumwe rutivi, anomutsa unyanzvi uye mweya vanhu dzakakwirira itsva, pane dzimwe - zvinoratidza chii vari kuitika Vanyori uye zvaakasika dzavo. Asi vanozvikudza mediocrity kana chete kwete matarenda chaizvo vanhu vanoziva munhu muchanza? Haiwa, kwete! Pushkin pachake akasangana ezvinhu akafanana nguva zhinji, vanotozozviziva nguva yaro. Nekuti kunyange pepfupikiso "Mozart uye Salieri" rinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti nyanduri akararama, kuti kumunetsa panguva pakusikwa tsaona.

By Salieri anouya Mozart. Anoda kuratidza shamwari itsva "chinhu chiduku", iro rakanyorwa ichangopfuura, uye panguva imwe chete "vaitire" chinosekesa ake: vanopfuura muresitorendi, Wolfgang akanzwa mupemhi violinist anoridza vorega ake, tsitsi nyepera. kuuraya rwakadaro shasha sokuti kusetsa, uye akasarudza vachikuza Salieri. Zvisinei, kufara haagamuchiri uye Zvifambiso muiti, Mozart kwakaita scolding, achiatuka, haana kukoshesa tarenda uye kazhinji kukodzera pachako. Mozart anotora rwiyo rakanyorwa ichangopfuura. Uye Salieri kunyange zvakawanda kuvhiringidzika: sei zvakadaro zvinoshamisa mutinhimira kunyora, kuti kuteerera ndima venhema homebrew violinist, kuvawana kusetsa uye kwete inogumbura. Ko iye anokoshesa pachake, shasha yake? Zvakare, pane Musoro kutobaya hunhu ounyanzvi wechokwadi: Salieri anoenzanisa mumwe Mwari, asingazivi humwari hwake. Panoperera yacho shamwari dzinobvumirana kuti kudya pamwe chete, uye Mozart mashizha.

Pakuverenga njodzi "Mozart uye Salieri", rinotevera chiitiko kuongorora mamota pasi yatovapo, chii nharo Salieri vabvume pachake kudiwa kutapudza upenyu kwakajeka shamwari. Iye anotenda kuti pasina unyanzvi Mozart chete takunda kuti Vanyori achakwanisa kunyora nziyo, nokuda nomwero matarenda avo uye pasina pamusoro mukuru wepanguva. Kureva, kuuraya Wolfgang, Salieri achapa chaizvo kushandira unyanzvi. Kuti aite izvi, Antonio anosarudza kushandisa chepfu chipo kubva ekare anoda.

Wokupedzisira Chiitiko - iri tavern. Mozart anoudza shamwari nedzimwe chinoshamisa vizitore, murume mutema uyo ari kutsvakwa mumakore achangopfuura. Zvino totaura Beaumarchais, yakafanana Mozart, a shasha, kwakajeka munyori wemitambo, ikapenya tarenda uye rusununguko zvizere mune zvaakasika. Paiva makuhwa kuti Beaumarchais akanga muchetura mumwe Mozart asi asingatendi here. Maererano naye, choushati uye shasha havagoni pamwe zvakafanana munhu. Genius anogona chete kuva muenzaniso wakakwana zvakanaka uye chiedza, mufaro, uye saka haagoni rakaitirwa munyika zvakaipa. Achapa chokunwa nokuda vatatu, hama Muchiedza - Salieri, Beaumarchais uye Mozart. kureva Wolfgang anoti Antonio vateveri vacho. Uye Salieri unosimuwisira girazi waini chepfu Mozart chokunwa, muchitenda nomwoyo wose kuti naye mumwoyo chete vepachokwadi uye hombe sezvaakaita.

Kana kuridza "Requiem" Mozart raMwari, pasina kunyange tichiziva kuti, chaizvoizvo, ichi Misa chiyeuchidzo iye pachake, Salieri akanga achichema. Asi hazvisi misodzi kuzvidemba uye marwadzo kuti shamwari - iri mufaro kubva chokwadi chokuti chikwereti chinoitwa.

Mozart zvakaipa, ruchapinda kure. Uye Salieri speculates kuti kana kodzero Mozart, haasi shasha, zvaakaita zvakaipa. Asi yakakurumbira Michelangelo, zvakare, anonzi akauraya anoti ake. Zvisinei, dare harina kuzivikanwa nguva shasha yake. Saka, Salieri, vachiri shasha? Uye kana pamusoro Buanarotti zvose maturo Nokupusawo revanhu, kana nomuvezi haana kuuraya munhu? Ipapo Salieri - kwete shasha?

dambudziko ndechekuti akazarura pamusoro pake, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika Pushkin, "rakadzikadzika nzvimbo," uye munhu wose anofanira kuzvisarudzira, vane pfungwa, Salieri uye Mozart, kubvuma chokwadi.