Oles Honchar - Ukrainian munyori Soviet

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union vanhu vakatanga kutarisa zvakasiyana panguva tsika dzavo uye mabhuku, ndichiedza kufunga chii anoshanda kubva Soviet yaitonga aiva Nyanzvi, uye kuti anongoti akanga rinorambidzwa anoparadzirwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vazhinji vanyori Soviet vave zvisina kukanganwika. Pakati pavo, muvambi dzakakurumbira enganonyorwa vari sixties Oles Gonchar.

makore okutanga

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of munyori Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar muna 1918 pamwe. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk nharaunda. Pakuzvarwa, vaitakura zita Bilichenko.

Pakafa amai Tatiana vake - mukomana akanga haawanzotauri matatu nemakore - nokuti ukama yakaoma nababa vake mudzimai wake mutsva Zhenya wechiduku Sasha akaenda kunogara sekuru vake naambuya rwaamai mumusha Suha, iro rinowanzoshandurwa zvisizvo vaiona nzvimbo yake yaakaberekerwa. Vanasekuru zvinenge yakatsiva baba namai vomukomana, uye apo akapa muzukuru wake kuchikoro, yakanyorwa pasi zita rake - Gonchar.

Kana mukomana vakakura uye akaenda kuchikoro, dzidzo yake vakanonga babamunini vake Yakov Gavrilovich, uyo akazova mutungamiriri weimwe fekitari yemo. Nemhaka chinzvimbo ichi, akanga nemikana yakawanda yokuti dzine muzukuru pane pamwe navanasekuru. Saka, pamwe womukomana mhuri babamunini kugara. Khorishko. Pandaidzidza pachikoro yemo, akauya pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu mudzidzisi mutauro Ukrainian uye mabhuku. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye kuti munyori ramangwana aifarira mabhuku, uye vakagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Oles". Chokwadi kuti mudzidzisi akanga admire kuti mudetembi Ukrainian Oleksandr Oles uye vakapfuurira mudzidzi wake. Makore akawanda gare gare, muna yokufungidzira yake "The Cathedral", munyori pave hunhu akanyorwa mudzidzisi wake chaanofarira kure.

Nokuda zvinofamba sekuru Jacob Alexander chikoro makore manomwe mumusha Breusovke. Panguva iyi, iye ari kuedza kunyora pachavo zvidimbu dzavo uye nyaya, nemhaka nomukomana uyu mushure chikoro akawana basa iri wedzero kuhofisi remunharaunda pepanhau, uye pashure - mune emunharaunda. In kufanana basa wehari yaiva nhau kukoreji muguta Kharkiv. Apedza, Alexander akatanga kushanda somudzidzisi mumusha Manuylovke. Panguva iyoyowo anotanga kubudisa nyaya yake yokutanga yechiUkraine ari "Pioneer", "mabhuku Gazette", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" uye vamwe.

Muna 1938, Oles Gonchar akava mudzidzi pa Kharkov University rorusununguko Philology. Ikoko akaramba kunyora nyaya pfupi enganonyorwa, asi nokudzidza mufaro haana kugara kwenguva refu. The Great Patriotic Hondo uye Oles, kukanganisa zvidzidzo zvake, akazvipira kuti kumberi.

Munguva yehondo, Gonchar haana kusvikira mabhuku basa, kunyange dzimwe nguva akanyora nhetembo akatora manotsi, dzinoshandiswa zvinozotaurwa nyaya yake uye enganonyorwa pamusoro hondo, kunyanya trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav anenge makore mashanu, nokuva nhapwa uye kuwana Medals matatu ushingi uye Order of Red Star One, muna 1945 munyori kumusha. Munguva yehondo, baba vake vakafa, uye mbiri hafu-hama, uyewo dzimwe shamwari uye neshamwari dzakawanda. Zvisinei, munyori akadzokera mberi mune chimwe. "Rombo" ake, iye nguva dzose akatsanangura kuti mbuya vake, somukadzi rechitendero zvikuru akanyengeterera muzukurukomana wake. Potter pachake akabhabhatidzwa kuva mwana, uye kutenda muna Mwari, kunze, iye noruremekedzo zvikuru temberi yekare uye yaiva wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira chekuparadzwa kwavo kana kushanduka kuva imba yokuchengetera zvinhu. Gare gare, akanga aimutsa nyaya iyi yake yakakurumbira zvikuru yokufungidzira, zvino "Cathedral".

Kutanga mabhuku basa

Vadzoka kubva hondo, Oles Gonchar akatamira Kiev ndokupinda yunivhesiti vemo, anopfuurira kudzidziswa ake yakakanganiswa nehondo. In zvakafanana, inobva achiri manyoro kuyeuka uye kunyora zvechiuto akanyora uye yakabudiswa enganonyorwa wandei, uye ipapo anotanga mamwe pamwero mukuru basa - kunyora ake debut itsva pamusoro "Alps" (chikamu trilogy "Znamenonostsy" wokutanga) hondo, yakabudiswa muna 1946 mune rimwe magazini national chaiko. Kusunungurwa wokutanga Romana Gonchara kwakachinja upenyu hwake. Akaita mabhuku Zvinovheneka nguva unyatsoteerera tarenda itsva mabhuku Russian. Nokudaro, vakaziva tenzi Ukrainian mabhuku Soviet Yuri Yanovsky akarumbidza muduku munyori basa uye vakasarudza kutora iye pasi bapiro ake. Naizvozvo, pashure kubudirira "Alps" Anokoka Potter vakatamira Kiev kuzopinda chikoro uye kuramba kushanda enganonyorwa itsva.

ndangariro

Mumakore maviri akatevera Oles Gonchar rinobudisa ari enganonyorwa wechipiri newechitatu dzinoti "Znamenonostsy": "The Blue Danube" uye "Golden Prague", uye regai kukanganwa pamusoro prose diki. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" munyori kunounza zvikuru mukurumbira kwete wokuUkraine Soviet Socialist Republic, asiwo munyika. Nokuti munyori ichi, ichitanga vachava maviri Stalin mibayiro uye kuva vanobudirira uye inozivikanwa, ayo somufaro kuverenga uye vanhuwo uye vakadzidza.

Zvisinei, nokukundwa mukurumbira haana vakapamba Gonchar, zvisinei mukurumbira, anoramba kunyora. Zvisinei, mushure trilogy, munyori achinyanya rinoreva pfupi ingano uye rinobudisa nyaya upenyu zvechiuto.

Munguva vamakumi mashanu, mushure yokufungidzira Honchar "Regai magetsi twinkle" akabvisa dzomufirimu "The Girl pamwe yechiedza" kwegore rimwe enganonyorwa ake kupfura mumwe firimu - "remagandanga chimvari".

Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Oles Gonchar dilogii kushanda echimurenga zviitiko kumaodzanyemba Ukraine. nhengo dzaro inosanganisira enganonyorwa "Tavria" uye "periscope". Zvinosuruvarisa, havana kuva se dzakakurumbira se "Znamenonostsy" uye pfupi munyori nyaya. Zvisinei, muna enganonyorwa izvi, munyori anotanga zvishoma ringabviswa mafomu muchiuto, uye kufarira nyaya ine rugare upenyu vanhuwo zvavo. Zvichida nemhaka kuedza kuchinja dingindira okugadzira zvinhu firimu dzinotevedzana akauya kwete kubudirira sezvo mangwanani enganonyorwa. Pasinei asi chando mhinduro muna 1959 "Tavria" akanga filmed uye inobva mubhuku chete zita akasikwa ballets mimhanzi kubudikidza Vladimir Nakhabino.

Kuwedzera kune mabhuku basa iri mashanu Potter uye kuroorana venhau, uye akafamba nzvimbo dzakawanda munyika yose. The apogee kuti gumi ichi kuti vave akasarudzwa sachigaro Union of Writers rweUkraine, uyewo munyori Union of Soviet Writers.

The sixties

In gumi anotevera Oles Gonchar chinotarisa rehurumende upenyu uye ayo dzose. Simba rakakura ake netarenda munyori anokundikana kuona mashoko nokusika rakajeka, kudanana mifananidzo pakanyorwa hwemazuva purogiramu upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Naizvozvo Potter enganonyorwa iyi havasi zvishoma kubudirira pane ake debut trilogy.

Muna 1960, munyori rinobudisa kuti yokufungidzira "Man uye zvombo", izvo zvinoratidza itsva zvokushanda tarenda nemunyori. Nokuti nganonyorwa iyi Potter anova Kumukundi of Taras Dzhafarova Republican Prize yokutanga. Kunyange zvazvo basa iri raiva rounyanzvi uye chiitiko chinokosha basa munyori, kunze mudenderedzwa Ukrainian mabhuku vepamusoro, hazvina sezvo ainzwisisa uye akakurumbira sezvo mamwe mabasa Potter. Zvisinei, munyori pachake unoti "Man uye zvombo" raiva pedyo chaizvo, saka iye aizouya mukati mumakore gumi kudzoka naye-kuenderera yokufungidzira "Dutu". The vanotongwa basa iri zvikuru overlaps basa mudzidzisi rake kufarira munyori Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Chimwe chinokosha Gonchar zvakasikwa sixties akava yokufungidzira mu nyaya pfupi "Tronka". kubudirira kwayo akabatsira munyori kwete chete zvakare kuva nomukurumbira Soviet Union, asiwo kuti ndiwane Lenin Prize. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mari yose rinoperekedza mubayiro ichi, Oles nokuzvidira kumamwe chitange mumaraibhurari. Makore mashomanana gare gare yokufungidzira yakaitwa firimu.

Nganonyorwa Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" uye chigumbuso vakamupoteredza

Zvakare vakaravira kubudirira, munyori akasarudza kunyora yokufungidzira "The Cathedral".

In pekufa rimwe nyungudika uye rethinking tsika, majekiseni kubva pauduku, munyori vakaedza kunyora pamusoro kwenguva refu naye chinonakidza dingindira - zvokunamata. Pasinei ake rinobudirira, Potter akabvuma kuti akanga agara munhu wechitendero, uyo vanokosheswa uye airemekedza tsika dzechiKristu uye zvaunotenda. Pashure pehondo, apo munyori aigara pedyo Dnepropetrovsk, migwagwa ayo Utatu Cathedral, yakavakwa munguva iri Cossacks nezvenzira yekare, pasina kushandisa zvipikiri. Kuva kwete chete chiratidzo zvokunamata, asi chinhu mapurani Monument, Church iri kwaikosha kwazvo veko. Zvino, nokuda nemanomano zviremera zvomunzvimbo yaizoita tirasikirwe musoro enhoroondo zvinotyisa uye kutakura, vanhu vaipikisa. nyaya iyi akabata munyori, uye akanyora bhuku iri, rakabudiswa muna 1968 mu "Yababa" magazini. Vaverengi uye vatsoropodzi vakaona vanyori Soviet Ukrainian aikoshesa basa iri. Asi shamwari yepedyo Brezhnev, munyori mukuru remunharaunda komiti Vatchenko, kuverenga yokufungidzira rokutanga, vakafungidzira kuti huru kunaka hunhu hwake vakakopa kwaari. Saka akatora mukana kwokubatana ake uye akamuka kurambidza mamwe racho yokufungidzira, kurambidza kwayo shanduro mumutauro Russian, uyewo yokutombotaura nayo pachaunga. Hazvina kubatsira kana kurevererwa mabhuku Zvinovheneka, kana tsamba yakavhurika kuti pepanhau "Pravda".

Kuchitsigira kurambidzwa "Cathedral" yokufungidzira Zvichakadaro kwava mhando anowedzera, zvichiita vashandi vakawanda kundorwa Ukrainian mabhuku totalitarianism mumabhuku. Mukuwedzera, chigumbuso kumativi yokufungidzira ichi, akarumbidza munyori rose Soviet Union. To musi, bhuku iri ndiro basa inozivikanwa kwazvo munyori, kunyange asina kupfuura simba.

Late mabasa

Pasinei kurwadza ne "Cathedral", Oles Gonchar haana kurega uye akaramba kunyora. To mufaro wake, asina kunaka pamaonero ezviremera sei chete "mwana" wake, munyori pachake unhurt. basa rake akazotevera rakaramba kuparidza anotevera makumi maviri apfuura zvave kuisa chidzitiro matatu mabasa ake. Mushure "Cathedral" Potter akanyora enganonyorwa mana, nyaya pfupi akawanda, rakapa dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi "The moto kure" uye bhuku nhetembo makore hondo, "Front-mutsetse ndima." Uyezve, mumakore aya munyori anova chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe ari dissident kufamba muUkraine rinobata zvinetso. Muna 1987 iye akatanga kusikwa munyori Ukrainian Cultural Foundation. Muna 1990, iye akasiya basa Communist Party.

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union hausisiri munyori wechiduku akanga kushanda mabasa enyika uye munzanga, kunyora - shoma zvikuru. Mumakore aya, akabudisa bhuku essays, iyo akaratidza maonero ake nezveramangwana nyika - "Ko tichirarama. Munzira Ukrainian rumutsiriro ".

Muna 1995 Olesya Gonchara akanga aenda. Makore matanhatu gare gare shongwe Gonchar yakavhurwa Kiev. Muna 2005 akanga paakanga afa paakavapa musoro Hero rweUkraine. In kukudzwa munyori anonzi mumigwagwa mumaguta matanhatu makuru Ukraine, mumwe park, mana mumaraibhurari, yunivhesiti uye zvikoro zvinoverengeka. Doma Olesya Gonchara vane mabhuku mibayiro mitatu, uyewo vana mamiriro zvedzidzo bhezari. Uyezve, Gospels. Dry, kwakaitika muduku ari munyori, ndiko miziyamu.

Oles Honchar - munyori zvikuru tarenda, mupiro wake mabhuku Russian, Ukraine, Belarus uye dzimwe nyika zvechokwadi chaizvo. Zvisinei, nokuda kuchinja mumagakava upenyu vazhinji mabasa ake havasisiri rakakodzera sezvo panguva racho. Chero zvazvingava, verenga mabhuku Munyori uyu haisi chete tinyatsoziva upenyu vanhuwo zvavo panguva Great Patriotic Hondo uye yepashure pehondo, asiwo vanongonakidzwa mashoko risingaenzaniswi tarenda kumunyori.