Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti mitambo zvishoma: "The Cherry Orchard," "The Gaviota", "Sekuru Vanya"

Zvinoumba Chekhov kwaiitwa mitambo vaizivikanwa se itsva maererano vemifananidzo zhinji. VI Nemirovich-Danchenko uye K. S. Stanislavsky kutanga kuonekwa kunoshamisa kwebasa dambe kuti "undercurrent" Chekhov kuti ndizvo zviri kuitika shure kwokunze commonness anovanza munhu lyrical aibuda kuramba rwomumwoyo yepedyo. Vakaita zvose kuunza zvitsva kududzirwa Chekhov kuti mitambo kuti vateereri. Muenzaniso mumutambo "The Cherry Orchard," "The Gaviota", "Sekuru Vanya" isu funga zvinoyevedza mavambo mabasa munyori uyu.

Description upenyu

Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti mitambo kuva nyore kuona pane mumwe zvake Mitambo yakakurumbira - ". The Cherry Orchard" chikuru musimboti aro aifanira kukunda chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo magungano tsika yemitambo mabasa XVIII remakore. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Chekhov akatsvaka nechokwadi chokuti chiitiko aiva zvose muupenyu. Somuenzaniso, panguva mwoyo "The Cherry Orchard" ndiro vanhuwo chiitiko - kutengeswa munda zvikwereti imwe nyika pane kusarudza pakati basa uye kunzwa, vaibvisa mweya chimiro, kwete zvinouraya kudhumhana dzavanhu uye madzimambo, magamba uye villains. Munyori wemitambo zvakazara retracted kubva kwokunze kunakidza zano muchifarira nyore uye nyore zviitiko, achitsvaka kuratidza kuti nezuva mamiriro gamba kwete zvishoma conflictual.

zvakawanda vatambi

Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti dramaturgy (10 kirasi kudzidza nyaya zvakadzama) dziri kuchengetwa rondedzero vacho. Somuenzaniso, muna mutambo "The Cherry Orchard" No wepachokwadi akaipa kana akaipa. LOPAKHIN mushambadzi anotenga kuchamuka mumwe tenzi nokuda zvikwereti, - murume mweya kugumbuka. Haana kukanganwa sei kupisa vakamuzvidza Ranevskaya kubva pauduku. Kubva mwoyo, uye iye anomubvunza kuti abatsire kununura Gaev kuchamuka - inopa mubindu pamunhu nyika nzvimbo. Uyewo, pasina munhu wechipiri pfungwa, anopa Lyubovi Andreevne muzvikwereti, pamwe achiziva kuti iye haana kudzokera. Zvisinei, izvozvo LOPAKHIN anotenga munda uye anopa murayiro kutema Cherry miti, pasina vakamirira kuenda dzekare. Panguva iyoyowo akanga asina kuziva kunyange zviri kukonzera marwadzo ichi Ranevskaya uye Gaev. Zvisinei, The achitengesa, anoyeuka nomufaro runako Poppy minda umo akakwanisa kuwana 40 zviuru. In chimiro gamba kukwira navanokudzwa, kuda runako uye makaro, utsinye uye anokudzwa nomunhu. Ukama kwachiri vanoiona akaumba dzinopesana. Asi muupenyu chaihwo haisi kuwanikwa zvachose chakanaka kana chakaipa vanhu. Kunonyanyisa rakarurama kutaurwa - ndiwo zvimwe Chekhov kuti mitambo.

"Undertow"

Pamabasa ake, Chekhov anoramba kubva vamwe chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo unyanzvi zvachose. Somuenzaniso, inosiya unorema monologues, sezvo vanhu havasi kutaura muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti mutambo mu "The Cherry Orchard" pachena anoratidza izvi. Panzvimbo nemaune anoti "kune" munyori anoshandisa inokosha mupfungwa Wandinyengedzerei kuti Nemirovich-Danchenko uye christened nechimiro chokureva kana "undercurrent." Chokutanga, ndiko "ruzha kaviri" mumwe hunhu, ndiko kuti, kune unoreva zvakawanda kwounhu hwake. Muenzaniso yakadaro "yakanaka" inogona tsananguro yezvakaita Lopakhin dzichitaurwa kumusoro. Mukuwedzera, neimwe nzira Chekhov anovaka panhaurirano vatambi vake, kureva, inoita kuti vateereri kunzwisisa zvavanofunga vevatambi pakukurukurirana zvezvipfuwo nyaya. Taura Lopakhin uye Varya achiita chechina - nzwisa chete zvakawanda tsananguro. Vanoda kutaura manzwiro avo mumwe, asi ivo kutaura zvimwe zvinhu. Cooking kutsvaka chinhu, uye LOPAKHIN anoudzawo ake urongwa yechando kuuya. uye hakuna Somugumisiro nokunzi rudo pakati vacho.

zvinovaka kumbomira

Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti mitambo hazviperi. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda Mitambo vatambi zvinoratidzwa kubudikidza basa mabasa kuti Anton Pavlovich vanoratidza pachavo pane zvakaitika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti kuronda mu Mitambo ake "undercurrent." Kwakajairika Kumbomira akazadzwa zvahunoreva mavari. Somuenzaniso, pashure kukundikana tsananguro pakati Varya uye Lopakhin hunhu iye oga uye vachichema. Kana Ranevskaya anopinda mumba, wozobvunza akamunyorera chete mubvunzo: "Chii?" Pashure pezvose, misodzi zvinogona kukonzerwa zvose mufaro uye kusuwa. Pakati interlocutor ichimuremera kumbomira. LUBOV anonzwisisa zvose pasina tsananguro, uye anotanga kuti kukurumidza achinyora. Kana ari wokupedzisira chiito Trofimov Peter anoitazve pamusoro panokurukurwa rombo yake zvakanaka uye rinoti "Humanity zvinofamba rakananga chokwadi yakakwirira, kuti mukuru mufaro zvinogoneka panyika, uye ndiri Napamusara pamberi!" Mune imwe mubvunzo bhendesera Ermolai Alekseevicha " ? Doydosh "Petro anopindura nechivimbo:" Doydu. (Chimbomira) Doydu kana tsanangurai mumwe nzira, sei kuwana. " Izvi runyararo pakati mashoko anoratidza kuti gamba haafungi ndyaringo rweshamwari yake uye rinoti zvikuru zvakakomba.

anoti

Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti dramaturgy (zvishoma, Chokwadi, kutsanangura zvose nuances ose zvakaoma) uye vari kushingaira kushandiswa, sezviduku chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nzira - munyori mashoko, inonzwika, zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, achiita "The Cherry Orchard" rokutanga, munyori rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama girl - mukamuri apo vose vaitarisira asvika Lyubovi Andreevny. Cherechedzai mukati Handimupinduri ichi kwakapiwa kubindu, izvo zvinogona kuoneka nepahwindo - miti yaro akafukidzwa nesinou-chena maruva. The Fafitera uye muverengi pakarepo pane chinosuruvarisa kunzwa kuti kubwinya zvose izvi achafa nokukurumidza. Uye Handimupinduri, vachitarisira chiito wechipiri, yaiva ikataura kuti kunogona kuonekwawo mumunda kumucheto uye teregirafu nematanda. Kuwedzera zvakananga kukosha, girl ichi panewo nezvaanoreva zvokufananidzira - New Century dzokwenyu mitemo yaro, uye hapana nzvimbo Cherry wemichero. "Kusaroorwa Nest" Ranevskayas-Gaeva zvirokwazvo muchaparadzwa.

ruzha

Machemero kutamba nemabasa Chekhov muchinangwa. Zvinoumba Chekhov kuti mitambo sezvo muenzaniso kutamba "The Cherry Orchard" pfungwa zvakananga nayo. Sad Waltz kuridza bhora, izvo, zvinopesana pfungwa zvose, anoronga zvokutengeserana zuva LUBOV; gogodzai balls nokuti Billiards, zvakafananidzirwa kufarira dandadzo Gaeva; rira yakaputsika tambo, zvachose vaputsa runako uye norunyararo ane manheru muchirimo. Chiri saka achirova Ranevskaya kuti iye pakarepo anotanga kuenda kumba. Kunyange zvazvo Guys uye LOPAKHIN pakarepo anopa chakavimbika kutsanangura zvisingafadzi ruzha (kuchema reshiri, kuputsa mugomo iri yangu), LUBOV anoona izvozvo zvakasiyana. Achitenda kuti geda une hungiso wakaputsika inoratidza okuguma ekare upenyu hwake. Chokwadi, chokufananidzira ruzha nesanhu pakupera mutambo: runako nyika - cherry mumunda wemichero - kuti kushatiswa ne Lopakhin hurongwa.

mashoko

Zvose, kunyanya dzinonyatsotiratidza zviratidzwa inoratidza Mitambo Chekhov vake. Cooking pachikuva dzose nguva anooneka rokwe rima neboka makiyi ari bhandi rake. Kana bhora Ermolai A. inozivisa kuti akatenga munda, iye vakashinga vanorasira ake makiyi LOPAKHIN netsoka. Saka zvinoratidza kuti waanoripira yose upfumi. Sad hunhu nguva Russia ndiyo Manor kwakakwana uye kuridza kuguma vose kusiya imba, Ermolai A. Vhudzi kuti muzvinzwe mukova, uye kubva kumashure mukamuri pane nemisipiresi vanorwara muranda wekare, riri pamusoro pasofa uye yaita chando. All zvinova pachena kuti pamwe okupedzisira muchengeti wake manorial Russia zvishoma nezvishoma nokupera.

"Vachinetesa" pebindu

Havasi vomunguva dzose munyori vakatadza kuongorora zvinhu mumutambo A. P. chehova. Zvakananga vanotsoropodza anga insufficiently kuratidza nyaya mumabasa ake. Pamberi Chekhov Nyaya kutamba waibva, somunhu ushe, pane imwe kunetsana kwokunze. Kuburikidza chiitiko, yakavakwa pamusoro kudhumhana anoverengeka vatambi, inorondedzera musimboti basa. Somuenzaniso, mu "nhamo kubva zvaiti" chiito kunobva kuzvipokanidza pakati Chatsky uye akaripoteredza "famusovskogo voruzhinji." Traditional vachinetsana akasarudza njodzi vatambi, rinoratidza kukunda mumwe pamusoro vamwe vatambi. Zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo mune Chekhov kuti mitambo. chiitiko Main (kutengesa munda zvikwereti) kazhinji yakarideredza kune yechipiri. Featureless chomunda chigadzirwa ichi asiri rakakamurwa zvatinosiita kutsigira zvinhu (ndopakaperawo, decoupling uye zvichingodaro. D.). Nokufamba chiito kunoramba seiyi, uye mutambo pakati nhoroondo iri chaizvo zvakaneta kuwadzana mumwe.

Features mutambo A. P. chehova (Grade 10 pa mabhuku zvidzidzo vanosangana yakadzika zvakakwana chete basa munyori) vari rakadzika zvepfungwa pane zvaakasika. Munyori haatsvaki kuratidza zvokunze kurwisana wemagamba, dzinomiririra ayo womukati kunetsana ezvinhu hachifadzi kuti vatambi vake. Kuzvipokanidza vari kukura mupfungwa vatambi uye regai nhema muhondo nokuda pfuma (haina kutora nzvimbo), uye kusapindirana kurota uye chokwadi, kusagutsikana pamwe vatambi pachavo uye nyika yakavapoteredza. Saka, muna chokupedzisira kutamba tisina kuona rworukundo Lopakhin, uye munhu anotambudzika aniko unoshevedzera neshungu, "Oh, kuti panzvimbo ave zvose vakaenda nani aizochinja zvimwe dzedu vachinyara, vasingafari upenyu." Mabasa Chekhov kwakaitwa vanonyanya kutaurwa haisi, uye mhaka nokuda chiitiko inowira nomumwe wavo. Mune dambe kuti Chekhov hwakakosha zvakaenzana uye nechepakati vatambi uye zviduku.

chechienzi Genre

The Genre Kuzivikanwa uyewo nonyanya zvinoshamisa Chekhov. "The Cherry Orchard" - munhu lyrical sezvamunoita Zvisinei, uye mairi munyori anenge akwanisa micheka enyambo zvinhu. M. Gorky akatumidza mutambo "nomutambo itsva," iro rinobatanidza unosuruvarisa pathos (urombo pamusoro rufu Cherry wemichero uye kuparara zvichaitirwa vamwe vatambi), uye enyambo nechimiro chokureva (zvakajeka -. In rondedzero Charlotte mifananidzo Simeonova-pembe, Epikhodov etc. . akafukidzwa - vatambi vari Lopakhin Gaeva, Ranevskaia etc) .... Externally, vatambi vari kungotarisa, asi inertia yavo akavanda mukati kunzwisisa kuita-kufungisisa.

"The Gaviota"

Zvose zviri Chekhov kuti dramaturgy zvishoma akanga isu muenzaniso mumwe chete chigadzirwa - ". The Cherry Orchard" mutambo Ndiyo okupedzisira chimedu Chekhov, umo akapfupikisa pamabasa ake okusika. Zvisinei, vose pamusoro zvinoshanda mamwe mabasa nemunyori. Somuenzaniso, kufunganya kwenyu, komweya yakazara "The Gaviota" Chekhov nokuda kwechikonzero inonzi Comedy. Izvi dambanemazwi munyori wemitambo ichiri excites pfungwa vaongorori, asi ndiani nharo yokuti iye muuki comedies akasuruvara? Anton Pavlovich aigona kusvina nhetembo kubva kusachengeteka upenyu uye wekuvamba kujairika wayo Genre chavanopinda basa. Kungofanana mu "The Cherry Orchard" iri mutambo "The Gaviota" haisi nechepakati vatambi. All vacho mairi vakaenzana, parutivi uye pamusoro wematambudziko hakuwaniki, saka mukuru mutambi mairi. Zita chidimbu ichi nderokufananidzira chaizvo. Gaviota, maererano nokufunga kwangu, chinomiririra vaitozonyepa muvanhu kuti seyi ndege, nhokwe kure, kuti vakurukurirane kufamba. In mutambo uyu pane nyaya banal, zvinoratidzwa wakafara nyaya inovava kusagutsikana nezvinhu mugove wavo, hope upenyu huri nani. Asi zvinoreva kutamba iri kuunzwa vanoiona kuburikidza vanhuwo, mashoko ezuva nezuva kuti tine zvahunoreva, zvino ndicho "undercurrent." Ndivo zvinhu Chekhov kuti mitambo. "The Gaviota" - hwokufananidzira basa munyori uyu.

"Sekuru Vanya"

Ichi chimwe chigadzirwa itsva pamusoro Chekhov. Paro kunyatsooneka zviri Chekhov kuti mitambo. "Sekuru Vanya" - mutambo umo munyori asingadi kufunga kwokunze kuzvipokanidza pakati vatambi vavo yomukati nazvo. Household mevhiki heano oga anopa kunetsana. Hapana kwakaipisisa nhamo Chekhov kuti vatambi, chokwadi, zvikasaitika, asi havasi kugutsikana hwavo. Vamwe vanopedza mazuva avo zvousimbe simbe, vamwe - mune simba hasha, uye vamwe - vachivhunduka. Rakadzikama mararamiro anoita vanhu kupfuura kuva. Dr. ASTROFF akaderedzwa, Wynn akatsamwira yose, Serebryakov - ignominiously dzakaora. Vose vava yakasindimara uye hanya kune mumwe, uye zvakakoshesa, kuti pachavo. upenyu hwavo hazvina maturo uye hazvibatsiri. Uye ndiani ari kukonzera? Senguva dzose, Chekhov - zvose kamwechete. The basa iri mumwe nemumwe.

mhedziso

Aunganidze pamwe, ndinoda kutsanangura zvose zviri Chekhov kuti mitambo dzinotaura ne pfungwa:

1. Inenge ose mabasa munyori hunovakirwa rondedzero nzira youpenyu, kuburikidza icho vaverengi uye vanoiona kunzwa chaiyo vatambi, manzwiro, moods magamba.
2. In nyaya Chekhov kuti mitambo havasi zviitiko rakajeka zvinoshamisa, kwainyanya makakatanwa - yomukati manzwiro evanhu.
3. Heroes nemabasa Chekhov zvakawanda, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvakanaka uye husina kunaka.
4. Nhaurirano dziri yemunyori mabasa kazhinji ine Chidimbu chinangwa. mashoko kuti vanzwisise rinokosha utano vatambi.
5. Hurukuro, mitinhimira, dzokufananidzira mashoko muri zvikuru muna dambe kuti Chekhov.
6. Munyori wemitambo Anton Pavlovich akasiyana Genre mavambo. Zviitiko zvinoshamisa vanonzi dzakarukwa enyambo nechimiro chokureva inoita chiitiko mufananidzo mairi zvikuru mupenyu uye zvechokwadi.

Zvino kuti unoziva zvose pamusoro zvinhu zvinoshamisa unyanzvi AP Chekhov. basa rake kurudyi riri kubva yendarama pavane nyika Classics.