Zvivakamutauro Mapato rechiito iri Russian. Rechiito mumutsetse

Kana tichida kuti kutsanangura imwe chiito kana mugariro nenyaya pakutaura, tinoshandisa rechiito. Rechiito iri mutongo anorondedzera nyaya chiito, kuvapo kwake imwe ezvinhu uye zvakafanana.

In chinonyanya Kazhinji, shoko rechiito rinoreva pezvakaitwa siyana uye inosanganisira zvakawanda Data pfungwa dzakadai chiito tsanangudzo (kuzochera), chirwere (zvakachinja), Kurondedzerwa muitiro (kuyerera) nokurondedzerwa inofamba (kumhanya).

Rechiito rine yechigarire uye asiri girama mhando. Constant zvivakamutauro zviri (Mapato) vari kunyatsoteerera cheshoko. Izvi zvinosanganisira chitarisiko, mari yechibatiso, reflexivity uye transitivity. Kunosanganisirawo, asi anotsanangurwa Mapato, shoko rechiito conjugations. Style hakuna kushanduka uye kugara. Little kana kwete zvivakamutauro Mapato aripo nenzira dzose verbs. Izvi zvinosanganisira nguva, musi, munhu, manzwiro uye munhui.

Munyaya ino tikanyatsoongorora chii rechiito, shoko rechiito zvivakamutauro Mapato uye mhando verbs.

Category mafungiro

muchikwata ichi inoratidza ukama pakati chiito rechiito-Predicate uye chokwadi. Verbs zvinoshandiswa nhatu dzakasiyana siyana mafungiro.

Achiratidza chinoratidza muitiro chaiye kana chiito kuti kare kuitika, huchavapo pari kana kuchaitika munguva yemberi. Verbs kwemanzwiro kuchinja nguva nenguva (azvaitwa - kare, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana).

Zvimiso Kukanganisika SUBJUNCTIVE anonzi. Inoratidza shamisa chiito kuti angadai zvakaitika. Chaizvoizvo, PARTICIPLE "kuti" vakawanda kazhinji akaratidza. Somuenzaniso, "Ini ndinoda kugara Moscow", "akamhanyira munhandare."

Inotodiwa - dzinoda yakaomesesa inotaridza mushonga zvikumbiro, zvishuwo uye nomunhu kuti chiito. verbs vakadaro akaumba kushandisa rechiito dzakachinjwa harinzwi varipo nguva (the kukwana chimiro kuti verbs) uye ramangwana (akakwana chimiro nokuda verbs). Nokudaro, zvinokosha chimiro verbs mu 2nd munhu yakazonaka akasiyana nemagumo "s". Somuenzaniso, "Mhanya, kurumidza."

The Category

View - mumwe chikamu rechiito kuti anotaura nzira kuita chiito pamwe chiratidzo apo uye kwenguva yakareba sei muitiro kunoitika. View akakwana uye kukwana. Kubva rokuti zviri pachena kuti mashoko akakwana pamusoro anoratidza mhando imwe muganhu chiito: kana kwokutanga kana kuti okupedzisira (asi zvinofanira kupedzwa kana yakatanga imwe nguva). Imperfective verbs anoratidza muitiro pasina panotaurwa zvasvitswa. View uye kutorarama rechiito chokuita. Imperfective verbs vakakamurwa zvitatu zvakasiyana siyana nguva (nguva kutsvaka muudzame pazasi): kare, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana. Somuenzaniso, "famba", "achifamba", "enda". Perfective verbs vane mwaka miviri: remangwana uye kare.

Category nguva

Time - muchikwata rechiito inotaridza chiito raiitwa uye nhamba imwe nguva kutaura. Kubva zvinhu pamusoro apa zviri pachena kwatiri kuti pane Mapato matatu nguva.

• Pari - muitiro kunoitika apo unotaurwa.
• Past - muitiro yakapedzwa tisati akaenda nezvazvo.
• The ramangwana - Maitikiro acho vachadyara pashure matauriro rikurumidze.

Marudzi ino uye yemberi ezvirevanguva kwete formalized maererano girama, apo zvatoitika siyana dzinoitwa ne suffix "-l-" kana kwete suffix. Somuenzaniso, "tiza-L-a" kana "Ini vakanonga".

Category Transitional

Ichi chikamu rechiito inoratidza nhamba mutoo kune imwe chinhu. Zvichienderana kana uine mukana kuenda rechiito chinhu kana kwete, vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: transitive verbs uye intransitive verbs.

• Transitive verbs anoratidza chiito kuti akatumwa kune chinhu. Ivowo, akakamurwa: Zvisikwa verbs (Itai, pokunamatidza kusona), verbs kuparadza (apwanye, yokumbozorora), anenge achikurudzira maonero (kutarisa uye kunzwa), verbs kuratidza manzwiro (kufuridzira, kuita), uyewo mashoko nepfungwa uye mashoko (conceptualize, kutaura).
• Intransitive verbs anoratidza chiito kuti haagoni kuenda imwe chinhu. Pakati pazvo pane: verbs, achiratidza chirongwa unhu (kuiswa), kuratidza muitiro kufamba (run, vanobhururuka), kuratidza chinzvimbo munhu (kuti kurwara, kushatirwa, kurara), verbs zvichiratidza dzakananga mhando yebasa (kudzidzisa, kubika) achinongedza nzira yokuita zvimwe zviito (plume, frills) pakupedzisira, verbs, anoratidza kuti kutarisana uye auditory maonero (sokupenya mhete).

Category rubatso

Mhando rechiito, chichiratidza ukama pakati nyaya kuita muitiro (the chiito), kwacho pacharo uye chinhu, pachinhu icho muitiro rinoitwa (chiito). Kune mhando mbiri rubatso: active uye kungogara. Active Inzwi - rinoratidza kuti nyaya anodana sangano kuti zvakananga anorondedzera kuti chiito kana muitiro. Kana ari pusa Inzwi zvakasiyana. Panyaya iyi, nyaya chokuita chinhu, iro rinoitwa imwe chiito zvimwe zvinhu kana vanhu. Inzwi pusa inogona unoratidzwa suffixes kana chinokosha siyana pusa PARTICIPLES.

Category mutsividzo

verbs izvi nhengo muchikwata che intransitive verbs. Ino chaiyo chimiro inoratidzwa achishandisa postfix "Xia". verbs aya rakakamurwa yoga mhando nokuripira. Zvichienderana yavo kukosha, verbs akadaro akakamurwa inotevera mapoka 4 N:

• With idzokororo vako - anoshandiswa kana chimwe chinotungamirwa panguva munhu pachake. Somuenzaniso, "vakachena, vakagadzirira kugumbuka."
• Wezvikamu kudzokera - kushandiswa kana chiito inotsanangurwa mapato maviri, zvainanga nomumwe. Vose munhu iyi inyaya uye chinhu. Somuenzaniso, "kuona, kutaura."
• Zvisina kunanga-returnable - kushandiswa kana chimwe chaitwa nomunhu yavo mhindu. Somuenzaniso, "kuunganidza (kuunganidza zvinhu pachavo), tsunga (yokusarudza chinhu ndoga)." Inogona reissued marongerwo ichishandisa "woga".
• Obschevozvratnye - kushandiswa apo mumwe muitiro hwakasungirirwa kuti mamiriro yacho. Somuenzaniso, "mwoyo, mushamiswe, kutsamwa."

Category chiso

chikamu ichi, izvo zvinoreva nhamba munhu kuita muitiro, uye uyo inoti. Kune zvitatu siyana pakati verbs mumutsetse munhu.

• Rechiito rokutanga munhu yakazonaka rinoshandiswa kana muitiro rinoitwa nomukurukuri.
• Rechiito rokutanga munhu muzvizhinji rinoshandiswa kana muitiro zvinoitwa kutaura, uye mumwe.
• Verbs yechipiri munhu yakazonaka rinoshandiswa kana muitiro rinoitwa neimwe sangano.
• In yechipiri munhu muzvizhinji rinoshandiswa kana muitiro rinoitwa interlocutor uye mumwe munhu.
• Third munhu yakazonaka rinoshandiswa kana muitiro rinoitwa nemunhu haabatanidzwi muna nhaurirano.
• Wechitatu munhu muzvizhinji rinoshandiswa kana muitiro rinoitwa nemunhu asingagari kutora chikamu panhaurirano, uye dzimwe hunhu mhiri imwe nhaurirano.

mhando chikamu uye nhamba

kuti chikamu kubva rechiito mhando inoreva pazita kana chisazita, kureva zera ravo. Kana munhu / sangano haasi mumwe mhando chimiro, shandisa zvinobvira kuti sangano mhando. Somuenzaniso, kuti "kuuya mangwana", "chando akanga achivavarira kuwa."

Category nhamba inoratidza nhamba vanhu kuita muitiro. Somuenzaniso, "vadzidzi aitamba", "mudzidzi airidza." chikamu ichi rinoshanda zvose pachake kungonyaradza siyana.