A bhizimisi duku - chii ichocho? Nzira uye rondedzero bhizimisi duku

A chikamu chinokosha bizns Russian hunomirirwa muzvikwata akadai diki private vachida. Izvi, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, nezvaiitwa chinzvimbo kuti itsva mhando yemakambani, nokuti beginners SP. Panewo yakadaro ziva sezvo svikiro kadikidiki kambani. Sei zvakasiyana? A basa duku - vanhu vangani? Chii zvaunofarira anogona kupa chinzvimbo chakadaro kubva pfungwa nemaonero zvichibvira hurumende rutsigiro zviyero? Ngatikurukurei izvi uye anoenderana nuances zviri mamirire nokuda nemabhizimisi mamiriro SMEs.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo SMEs

Under mutemo Russian, diki uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani - ndivo makirasi maviri akasiyana basa, nhengo zvakatemwa nemashoko akawanda zvinodiwa. Funga avo kuti anowanzoramba kuti makambani wokutanga uye chechipiri mhando. Ngatitange aine nebhizimisi duku zvemo.

Chii sangano madiki? Maererano zvokudya vomurayiro, izvi zvinosanganisira makambani, izvo dzinoshandisa vanhu asingasviki 100. Kuderedza zveminda akaitwa kwakadaro wepagore anogona haapfuuri mamiriyoni 400 rubles. Also kugoverana varidzi (pamutemo masangano, izvo pachavo havasi duku emakambani) anogona haapfuuri 25%.

Dzimwe nyanzvi kumuratidza kuti diki uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani - ichi hachisi chinhu dzoga kupatsanura oga makambani, riri parumananzombe kuti pamwero muduku. Kune dzimwe mhando mumasangano. Sewevhu, somuenzaniso, micro. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhizimisi kuti murege dzinoshandisa vashandi vanopfuura 15.

Tinoona kuti muchikwata SME zvingasanganisira mabhizimisi kuti vanoita sevasinganzwisisi kuti "diki". Kunyange zvakadaro, turnover pedyo mamiriyoni 400 rubles - kwakakomba chokukomborerwa rapanzvimbo zvakasimba.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo svikiro kadikidiki Enterprises

Funga zvino, ndedzipi nzira dzekuziva kuti svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi. Kavo. Nezveshoko nhamba revashandi, mureza waakaudzwa mumurairo, sezvinotevera: kubva 101 kusvika vashandi 250. Maererano wepagore kwemari - kubva pamamiriyoni 401 kusvika mabhiriyoni 1 rubles. Musiyano pamwe muchikwata che madiki, sezvatinoona, kunokosha.

It rine basa, vorudzii mabasa kuitwa musangano? Kwete Mupfungwa iyi, mutemo harina chero mitemo demarcation. Small uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani - kambani anogona kubata zvakangofanana mabasa, asi nhengo makirasi siyana mumasangano chete nokuda kwemari uye kukosha netsvimbo. Saizvozvowo vaiona uridzi. Ltd. - duku zvebhizimisi, IP - zvakafanana. Vadyi wemari kambani - saizvozvo. Patasvika zvinoshanda avhareji mabhizimisi.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo SMEs: kunyatsotsanangura

Takurukura nzira dzekuziva kuti unhu Mapato dzakadai svikiro uye diki vachida. Zvichava tikaita kuziva zvimwe kwavo kwakarurama tsanangudzo.

Kana isu kutaura ukuru ehurumende - zvinoreva avhareji nhamba revashandi panguva karenda gore, iyo inotanga mberi nguva kutsvakurudza zvakasimba kuti kupatsanura mune imwe muboka kana mumwe. MuMutemo muganhu tsika vanoonekwa nhamba zvichibatanidzwa.

Pasi zvakaburitswa kwemari mari kubva pakutengeswa nhumbi, anoshanda kana mabasa pasina VAT. Uyezve, pano anogona kuwedzera nekambani yesangano, kufungisisa akatakura mari nokuda karenda gore anotangira ongororo.

New bhizimisi sezvo SMEs

Asi sei kurondedzera zvebhizimisi mumwe woga kana mumwe, kana tikadzidza sangano richangobva yakasimbiswa? A kambani diki, nzira dzekuziva iyo vanonzi kumusoro, haigoni kushandisirwa nokuda kwekushaiwa Statistical uchapupu. Uyewo vaya vakagadzwa kuti avhareji. Nokuti zviitiko izvozvo, pane zvinotevera mutemo. Kana sangano isingachinji chete kuti, rinogona semhosva diki kana unosvikirwa kana zviratidzo kuratidza avhareji nhamba revashandi, kwemari (kana pamwe kutakura mari) nokuti nguva kubvira panguva apo ruzivo pamusoro kambani apinda mazita, kwete pfuura runoenzanirana nezvikumbaridzo. Ndiko, kana zvakasimba rakaumbwa muna January uye August turnover hwayo haina kupfuudza mamiriyoni 400, uye nhamba vashandi - vanhu 100, zviri - bhizimisi duku. Nzira dzinozivikanwa.

Tichiverenga furemu nuances

Chimwe chinokosha zvikuru chinhu sei kuti nhamba vashandi. Zvinokosha kwete chete kune zvibvumirano akambochera zvinoenderana Labor Code (kureva, basa chinyorwa), asiwo veHurumende-pamutemo zvibvumirano, uyewo basa-kugoverana. Ndizvo pfungwa "State" iri nyaya haisi akasungirirwa wepamutemo zvinoumba yokunyoresa basa ukama pakati kambani uye vashandi. The chikuru ndechokuti basa rinoitwa zviri pamutemo, uye chii chaicho pamanyorerwo - nokuti TC kana kuumbwa dzevagari-mumatare zvibvumirano, kuti muparamende hazvina basa.

Nenzira, murayiro chaiwo, maererano iyo subcontracted zvibvumirano inogona kwaenzaniswa zvizere basa zvibvumirano. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu anoshanda Muvaki nokuda vehurumende chibvumirano, asi zuva anoenda kuhofisi yeGmail.END_STRONG makambani kuti basa ravo, achiita zvaidiwa papurogiramu uye kubvumirana, muti, zvibereko pazororo pamwe utungamiriri sangano, Rostrudnadzor anogona hake kambani kusaina pamwe azere shamwari yacho basa chibvumirano ne TC.

Nei boka rangu mamiriro SMEs?

Tava kunorondedzerwa nzira dzekuziva nayo zvakasimba zvinogona chokuita muchikwata zviduku uye unosvikirwa mabhizimisi. The parameters mu mubvunzo anotsanangurwa panguva zvemitemo chechetere. Kuti angangodaro kuti yemakambani yomumwe muchikwata kana mumwe inokosha kubva nemaonero vamwe tarisiro. Chaizvoizvo, chii chiri kushandiswa hunobatsira ndechokuti kambani ine mamiriro "bhizimisi duku"? Izvi zvinosanganisira chero ropafadzo? Hongu, ndizvo.

Chokwadi ndechokuti muRussia pane vakawanda zvirongwa yeUnited uye kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati zvainanga kutsigira mabhizimisi, izvo zvinoumba bhizimisi duku - a zvaraireva chokuratidza. Pane nzvimbo yose paruzhinji mutemo munharaunda iyi. About worudzii Rutsigiro matanho tinogona kutaura?

Types kutsigira SMEs

Russian State Gwaro kunosanganisira dzinoverengeka zvikomborero, kana bhizimisi iri ichiitwa nenzira pamanyorerwo yakadai, sezvo bhizimisi duku. Zvinoita matanho akadai:

• zvaunoda mutero neChikomonisiti (tichatarisa chii);
• Yokudzidza zvinodiwa chokuita mutero uye ndizvidavirire Statistical nhau mhando;
• makomborero chokuita kuti kugarwa nzira munharaunda yacho privatized pfuma;
• yokururamisa chaiwo basa madiki mumunda paruzhinji zvokuvakisa;
• rubatsiro pakudzivirira kodzero uye zvinofarirwa Entrepreneurs vachishanda pamwe supervisory masimba;
• rutsigiro rwemari kuti nemabhizimisi;
• kubatsira nemabhizimisi dzichiri kwezvivako;
• siyana zviyero mhando kurerutsa basa nekambani SME muchikwata.

Ndiani aitsigira?

Kumbomira mabhizimisi rutsigiro zvirongwa ingasiyana ne nharaunda (uyewo pakati zvakasiyana makanzuru nemisha). Zvakawanda zvinoenderana chaizvo vebasa indasitiri. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo Federation rokumusoro yokutanga anopiwa kumakambani aidaro migodhi, mune dzimwe - simbi makambani. In nemaguta akawanda Russian pane mari vane mabasa pfungwa yokutsigira nemakambani vaiita yemanyorero itsva mabasa. In nemasangano vanogona kuwana rutsigiro vakatanga kuti "kutanga kupota", chikuru mabhizimisi pfungwa iri kazhinji kusikwa neitsva pamusika niches kwakavakirwa asati Inoziva ruzivo.

In tsika, rubatsiro makambani vechigaro muchikwata zviduku uye svikiro kuva nehurumende uye matunhu neminisiparati hurumende vose, uye nekuve masangano uye nheyo, izvo vakanzi basa iri. Somuenzaniso, kana bhizimisi - duku itsva zvebhizimisi, kunogona kukonzera anobudirira Kukwezva asingashumbi upfumi pamwe rubatsiro mari ine runonyanya ehurumende anazvo.

Matambudziko makuru mumunda muduku uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi

Chaizvoizvo, zvikonzero nei mabhizimisi vanoda kutsigirwa hurumende? Chaizvoizvo abudirire, kunyange bhizimisi duku - isangano, izvo zvinoratidza mumwe kuvimba map mabasa? Ndezvipi huru matambudziko wakananga SMEs muRussia?

Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti, pakati kupfuura zvinowanzoitika matambudziko - yakakwirira mutero mutoro. Uyezve, mabhizimisi havana zvakakwana mari. Dambudziko rokutanga, mune tsika, runoratidzwa kunyanya kudiwa mari makuru yechikoro mu vehurumende mari - the RPF, FSS, HIF vashandi. Kana award kuti kunzwisisa rechipiri - zvinoitika pasi Kuwanikwa kokupata chikwereti. rate avo, izvo wakasiyiwa vazhinji mabhanga Russian, rinorema kwazvo pamusoro Entrepreneurs zhinji.

Chimwe chinetso nokuti vanamuzvinabhizimisi Russian - rakadzika kuwanikwa munyika zvinhu uye Real Estate. Entrepreneurs vakawanda sei penyanzvi vane zvinetso kuwana simba kwezvivako muzvirongwa. Batanidza flow chakaoma, prices - kumusoro. Chimwe chinetso oga mabhizimisi, akati nyanzvi, - kuperevedza vashandi.

Hurumende muchinangwa matambudziko zvebhizimisi

Public masangano, nyanzvi dzinoti, zvarwo, vanofanira kufarira chokwadi kuti bhizimisi duku riri kuwedzera Russia. Uye nokuti yakasiyana siyana SME rutsigiro zvirongwa vanofanira kufunga kudiwa kugadzirisa kukamura uchishandisa nyaya iri mubvunzo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo basa, vaongorori vanoti, migumisiro varipo.

zvaunoda mutero

Chokutanga, hazvina chokuita ichocho mutero mutoro. Kunyanya, SME mabhizimisi vanogona kubatsirwa zvaunoda mutero gadziriro - STS UTII kana patents. Mumwe nomumwe modes izvi kakawanda kunovimbisa mari allocations zviduku zvakawanda coffers, kana tichienzanisa zvinonyatsorehwa maitiro nhamba. Uyezve, vamwe Mapato nomunhu Entrepreneurs kodzero kuderedza mitero iri uwandu zvipo rwakabhadharwa kuna mudyandigere Fund, uye HIF FSS. Uye kana iri vazhinji IP runoenzanirana mutoro iri kushoma. Zviya, pano unogona kutaura pamusoro okuyamura pamusoro mutero uye kuti ndizvidavirire. Zvose kuti kunodiwa ikwidzwe pamwe IRS, vakawanda IP - ndicho chiziviso pagore. Zvinodiwa Kuti basa kunzwisisa chizvidavirire zvinyorwa kwaari muparamende hazvirevi kuratidza.

Zvikwereti ndokupa

With mbiri, Chokwadi, zvakaoma zvikuru. Kunyange avo mabhanga apo mamiriro anobata chikuru mubasa kushambadza, kupa zvikwereti dzimwe ezvinhu kure yakanaka. mabhizimisi vakawanda vanomanikidzwa kukwereta kunze, pova guru kwokunze chepamusoro chikwereti. zvikwereti Program kubva budgetary zvinhu, maererano nenyanzvi, yakatanga muna Russia ndiyo nani simba.

Kune dzimwe nzira yokutsigira nemari mabhizimisi tichiregeredza ehurumende uye matunhu neminisiparati kwaanoita. Zvisinei, kutaura kuti vanoshanda vari hurongwa nzira, hazvina magadzirira, vaongorori vanoti. Uyezve, mari iri mu kuMudzidzisi rutsigiro zvirongwa, nyanzvi dzinoti, vaisagona kubatsira mabhizimisi vawane zvinokosha zvabuda.

asingashumbi rutivi

Zvisinei, zvinonzi vakatenda nokuda vaongorori vakawanda vane mabhizimisi zvokuRussia anokwanisa kukwezva mari kwete kubva nemabhengi kubva makambani. Chokuratidza hazvisi nyore: chinhu chikuru kuti bhizimisi pfungwa kunoenderana vavariro yacho entrepreneur uye zvinobatsira. Zvose zvinodiwa investor - kumucheto ichi ndicho kupfuura avhareji bhengi mubereko. Ndipo pfungwa bhizimisi mubhizimisi, uye kwete kutamira mari iri dhipoziti. Kana iwe asingashumbi investor afunga kuti imwe duku itsva zvebhizimisi - ndiwo muenzaniso wemishonga pfungwa mabhizimisi pfungwa uye pfungwa urongwa hwayo Implementation, anofara kuti mari maari mari yavo. On mashoko iwayo, izvo zvichida havazokwanisi kupa chero dzokutengesa bhengi. A basa duku - anokwezva kune makambani akawanda, inivhesitimendi chinhu.

SMEs uye hwevanhu chinoumba

Dambudziko mapuranga pakati hurumende akasarudzawo, kunyange zvakakwana zvisina kunanga. Tiri kutaura pamusoro kusimudzira kudzidzisa zvirongwa wevanamakanika ari kuyunivhesiti, pave yekosi dzidzo. mabasa ose aya zvikuru novimba unhu paruzhinji negwaro.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti Ndiyewo basa pacharo kunofanira kuita kuti kuvandudza mukuru okunze ari vachida zvakatipoteredza. Tora iyoyo dambudziko vashandi: makambani akawanda, vaongorori vanoti, kuwedzera Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa, asi asingaiti kuumba idzva nzvimbo prices. mabasa New havasi ikoko, kunyanya avo kuti zvinoda kunobatanidza vanokwanisa unyanzvi. Kunyanya nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vadzidzi regai kusarudza basa kugadzira, muchitenda kuti basa ravo harina kodzero. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzinoti, kwete makambani zvose kuteerera dambudziko kuwedzera basa yauinayo.