Nhaurirano - chii ichi? Nhaurirano: ukoshi, nezvimiro, marudzi uye mienzaniso

Pfungwa yokuti "nhaurirano" hwanyatsogadzwa muupenyu hwedu. Tiri kutaura shoko, hatidi kunyange kufunga yaro yechokwadi mupfungwa.

Nhaurirano - chinhu kunzwisisa turusi

Shoko rokuti "nhaurirano" muchiLatin - kukurukurirana zviviri. Asi ichi, kana ini angati saka, nyore kududzirwa tsananguro. Dzokumusorosoro pfungwa nhaurirano - anodzivisa kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura. Mumazuva akare, kazhinji chokushandisa ichi rinoshandiswa yakadaro kunzwisisa uye zvinhu zvakaoma zvakafanana uzivi, zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, zvisingarambiki, sophistry. Chinangwa vakadzinganiswa nhaurirano - zviri sezvo pachena gwaro kune muteereri pfungwa, panguva iyoyowo kukurukurwa kubva pakawanda maonero. Of pavo pakupedzisira achaparadzwa kana kusarudzwa kwazvo mashoko chaiwo okunyora, kana kuratidza mukuru mutariri munyori chinzvimbo. Pano, kazhinji, rine pfungwa nhaurirano. Nyora dzomutauro munhaurirano zviri nyore kuyeuka: mumwe yakatofanana chinotanga mutsetse itsva, uye isati akaisa hyphen.

vakawanda anoitwa

Kwenguva refu, nhaurirano akaramba kurarama chete ari nyore kwazvo, kureva, aiva Chat nyore. A kushandiswa wokutanga rive Genre, sezvinoita mudziyo kwouzivi-chaiko vachengeterwe akawanda zvemakore asati auya yedu. Zviya, zvino bedzi vaichengeta kudzokera chakakura panhaurirano hwemashiripiti, pashure emakore anoverengeka yokukanganwa.

vakachenjera Asia

Kuva achiri vazhinji European budiriro, isu, kubva pfungwa nemaonero Europe, uye tichataura pamusoro nhaurirano. Asi zvakaipa tisingatauri kuti kumabvazuva chishandiso uye pfungwa mabhuku uyewo ikoko kwenguva yakareba. Uye tiri kutaura nezvaireva ichi yakakwirira mhando yokukurukurirana. Wokutanga kutaurwa chaiye kushandiswa nhaurirano iri kwouzivi pfungwa kuMiddle East uye Asia ndezvomunhu remakore rechipiri BC. Achishingaira chokushandisa ichi rinoshandiswa enziyo ari Rig Veda uye Mahabharata. Vakawanda tinogona kutaura kuti kunzwisisa, kumusoro-soro mupfungwa, nhaurirano kuMabvazuva uye West chete.

Plato muteveri

Kushandiswa nhaurirano iri uzivi uye mabhuku okutanga kazhinji aitwa Plato. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti ichi muzivi wechiGiriki systematized uye akaita yakazvimirira mabhuku muchimiro chokushandisa ichi. Sezvo pfungwa panotaura kuonekwa kuedza vake mangwanani basa "Laches". Asi Plato haana muumbi, muteveri zvaanenge akanyora, uye mune mamwe mabasa ake. About hafu yezana remakore pamberi chishandiso akashandiswa Sicilian vadetembi Sofron uye Epicharmus cheKosi. Uye izvozvo nounyanzvi kuti akaita zvirambe zviri Plato, uye mabasa ake okutanga, akaedza kutevedzera vanatenzi izvi.

akanganwa mudzidzisi

Kusvikira zvino, zvinosuwisa, basa vanyori izvi zviviri havasi ikoko asi, saka tinogona chete zvokufungidzira nezvesimba ravo, kana zvakadaro vakauraya kubudikidza Plato. Panzira, pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti pane vakawanda nenhamba, kunze sokurondedzerwa kumusoro, kushandisa nhaurirano somunhu nomufaro. Asi kare, zvinosuruvarisa akasaichengeta kunyange mazita avo.

kunzwisisa mudzidzi

In mabasa hwaPlato nhaurirano - iri simba kwazvo kwouzivi uye mabhuku maatomu akafanana. Asi panguva munyori ane pfungwa pachayo nyore. Chokwadi kuti zvaainyora akashandisa nharo chete, apo mudzidzisi wake, hapana zvisinganyanyi kukosha kwaiva kutevedzera uye kunyange chikamu. Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero, vekare muzivi kwayo chiGiriki anenge kusiyiwa, uye vateveri vake pamusoro nguva uye handichisiri kurishandisa. More zvichidzika kunzwisisa chii panhaurirano pakutanga uye chii tsananguro akaisa "vanotanga" ayo, achiri zvinobvira.

vateveri vokutanga

Pashure Plato afa, boka revateveri vake kwete chete uzivi asi mabhuku. Mumwe wavo aiva Lucian pamusoro Samostaty. Mabasa Munyori uyu ndyaringo unoshamisa iyoyo, uye panguva imwecheteyo kukomba misoro akafukidzwa. Oh vamwari, rufu, kuti courtesans uye rudo, uzivi, pakupedzisira, kuda nyika, akanyora mumabasa ake kuti mudetembi wechiGiriki vekare vaigara muzana remakore rechipiri AD. Uye kuti vamwe zvaakasika aifanira kubhadhara, zvakanga zvisingachabatsiri Tart vakanga. Nhaurirano rave kufarira Genre kuti "akangwara" mabhuku kusvikira XII remakore.

akanganwa turusi

Fashion unochinja chinhu, kunyange kana tiri kutaura mabhuku "akangwara" uye uzivi. Authors akadai Bonaventure uye Foma Akvinsky akabvisa kubva nechigadziko kwehurukuro Somunyori chimiro, vachiitsiva ne mari. Vanyori Serious hafu nemireniyumu papera kushoropodza chaizvoizvo ndakafunga, uchapupu uye zvichiratidza mavari. The mari vanonzi chinhu pasi kudzidza kubva zvose zvinobvira pfungwa maonero, yakanga vakaongorora, achitungamirira panguva Encyclopedic mashoko. Dambudziko ndechokuti simba kwehurukuro uye nyore kunzwisisa zvisikwa izvi anyangarika. Paumbwe mubatanidzwa sezvo huru Genre uzivi zvikuru anotsanangura "rima" the Ages. Kuti tinzwisise kuoma dzinotsanagura upenyu norufu, kuti uzive zvavanofunga pamusoro makuru vakachenjera, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti guru chitoro zivo, kuwana izvo aihuitira urongwa ichi. The nyore uye zvakajeka kuti nhaurirano chakarasika.

kudzoka kukunda

The Renaissance ano vakadzokera nhaurirano seboka Genre iri munzvimbo yayo. Zvinooneka uye zvinokosha mabasa dzinotanga kuonekwa pakupera XVII - pakutanga XVIII remakore. Nyota ruzivo uye kuda pfungwa dzavo chaizvo-siyana vanhu kamwe zvakare kuti Genre yakakurumbira iyi pakati vazivi, vafundisi, vanyori, musicologists kunyange kubatana navo. Nhaurirano rakanyorwa nhamba sezvo Fontenell uye Fenelon akadaro, zvakafanana chigadzirwa, chokwadi, chamuita kuti kukurumbira mutsva Genre. In pekufa itsva Italian fashoni, vanyori vakasarudza kuenda mberi - vanovaka mabasa avo nemufananidzo hwaPlato akadhindwa, dzimwe nguva chose nokukopa pavo, Chokwadi, wedzera ndangariro dzenyu. nhaurirano yavo Italian rakanyorwa vakakurumbira dzakadai Galileo, Tasso uye Leopardi.

nguva New, chimurenga uye zvachose

The Industrial Revolution, iro rakatanga munguva inotevera yepamusoro kukurumbira nhaurirano, vakamuwisira mugomba mumwe rakadzikadzika yokukanganwa. Upenyu saka wakakurumidza kuti nguva dzakareba kukurukurirana ungwaru haachipo. "Taura zvakajeka uye kusvika!" - Nde Mashoko ose ari kwemaindasitiri. Chokwadi, pamwe izvi nhaurirano zvakare priravnyalisk muupenyu kukurukurirana. New Era akagadza zvakananga ukama pakati nezviito. Ndizvo chete ane pfungwa zvinoriumba aiva mabasa Plato, yakanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa. Nhaurirano vava hapana nzira kutsanangura chinhu, uye kunzwisisa, uye chiito, nenzira yekutaurirana.

Nokukurumidza ramakumi remakore

With kuguma nguva itsva yasvika ichangoburwa. zvichida iyi ndiyo inonyanya vakatya, kutsanya uye ropa nguva munhoroondo yevanhu. Time vachifungisisa iri rovira, hondo akapa nzira vakataurirana, uyewo chimurenga. Preconditions nekuda kudzoka nhaurirano sezvo chakakomba Genre ndechokungoti vasipo. Hatigoni kutaura kuti akanga ari mhedziso yokukanganwa, rave richishandiswa, asi vashoma.

"Dzokerai" Plato uye Socrates

Vanyori Rare kuedza nhaurirano, inowanzoshandiswa interlocutors vazivi izvi Greek. Zvakaitika kakawanda. Somugumisiro, kunyange vakaumba subspecies itsva mabhuku mudziyo uyu, zita "Platonic nhaurirano."

Russia uye pfungwa

Zvakangoitikawo kuti kutaura nhaurirano sezvo pfungwa uye Genre, isu hatisi hanya Russia. Chokwadi ndechokuti nyika yedu iri mudziyo, chokwadi, kuti mukurumbira haana kumborasa. Pane vagara vanyori achinyora Genre ichi. Uyezve, ndiko wechipfuwo muzivi, mabhuku mutsoropodzi uye theorist kuEurope tsika uye nounyanzvi Mikhail Bakhtin rakazozivikanwa kukwanisa kupa tsanangudzo pfungwa "nhaurirano" zvizere. Mienzaniso tsvakurudzo akawana ari mabasa Dostoevsky. Somugumisiro, Mikhail akaita zvimwe mhedziso. Zvikurukuru, Bakhtin rinorondedzerwa siyana nhaurirano. Just vaviri. The mhando rokutanga - iri nzwisisika. Panyaya iyi, kuti chokushandisa runoonekwa sechinhu mhando yezvisikwa munhu chokwadi, unofanira kupedza paumbwe munhu. The mhando chechipiri - zvakananga nhaurirano. Muchiitiko chino, rinoreva chiitiko - nokukurukurirana kwevanhu.

modernity

Pakazopera zana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nhaurirano inova huru chishandiso hwedu. Izvi imhaka yokuti vanhu vari pakati "Cold Hondo", tikatyisidzirwa kuparadzwa, vaigona kurega kufunga nezveramangwana ravo. Ndiyo yaiva riwedzere kuti kudzoka Genre. Uyezve, nhasi nhaurirano - haisi mudziyo vazivi, vanyori uye masayendisiti, ndiko chevanorwara paruzhinji. Pedagogy haagoni kufungidzira pachavo pasina mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi hurukuro, zvematongerwo enyika uye pasina ichi yokukurukurirana kuita pasina. Tapota cherechedza kuti nhamba masangano dzakawanda akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko vanhu vari shoko rokuti. Somuenzaniso, "veruzhinji nhaurirano". Uyezve, pakupedzisira kukosha runako uye zvinogona kuitwa chiridzwa iyi muitiro kugoverana pachavo yakasiyana chiratidzo kwavo nyika, vanhu vakatanga kusiyanisa mhando chaiyo nhaurirano: vakaenzana, yokuronga patsva, kukurukurirana uye kukakavadzana. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo, vanhu yaishandiswa kufadza, kuti tisvike nekubvirana pasi siyana nyaya kana zvapinda nyika pamusoro yavo pfungwa maonero.

Nhaurirano - The Road Mberi

Nhasi, pamusoro zvido vamwe yokukurukurirana shure padanho monologues, "kugoverana navaviri" riri kukura zvakanyanya. Vanhu pakupedzisira akaziva zvose simba uye mikana kwehurukuro chepamusoro mupfungwa, wakati akadzidza zvidzidzo kare unotiratidza kuti zvakafanira kuuya udzvinyiriri rimwe chete achipokana, sezvo kuuya "nguva yerima". Tinovimba kuti nhaurirano, umo pfungwa dzose maonero vari kunzwa, uye icharamba kukura zvakare, nzira iyi chete ichaita vanhu kuti kubudirira.