Novgorod Chronicle - kosha sezvivako

YaMakoronike Novgorod ane tsika refu, midzi XI remakore uye kwakatora manomwe emakore. Documents asunungurwa kubva mudanga nevanyori vekare, kuva anokosha kwaibva kudzidza nhoroondo socio-enyika kukura iyi yakakura munharaunda.

Start Chronicle

Hwakawanda huripo Novgorod Chronicle provisionally akasarudzwa makamuri mashanu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane mazita akawanda, akadana kunotambudza. Somuenzaniso, kuti First Novgorod Chronicle achiri recension anofukidza nguva kubva pakutanga XIII uye XIV kuti forties remakore. It hwaponeswa muchimiro duku pakarongwa yematehwe, iro rine pamanyorerwo isingadariki kota mwero peji randinogara machira ane zana namakumi matanhatu namapfumbamwe.

A recension akazotevera iri kwayo vakawanda kubudiswa vaisanganisa, uye akairadzika chiitiko nevazukuru pechifukidziro kare danho amutambanudzira kune thirties yacho XV remakore. Kuwedzera mapfupi shanduro "Russian Chokwadi" - rakasiyana wemabhuku XI remakore, ine mashoko pokutonga mutemo Kievan Rus - rine zvimwe zvivako zviri lawmaking yekare. Novgorod Chronicle recension muduku, uyewo yaro akazotevera shanduro anochengeterwa muThe synoidal Department of State Historical Museum.

Chakagamuchirwa ne kutevedzana of Novgorod yaMakoronike

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Zvimiso kutevedzana nhamba yaMakoronike vakapiwa inobva misi zviitiko akapa mavari, uye kwete hurongwa kunyora magwaro pachavo. Somuenzaniso, muronga zviitiko kuti unotora Novgorod muNhoroondo recension vokutanga uye kutevera wechipiri, ane zvakananga kuenderera iri chinyorwa wechina, akachengetedzawo recensions dzakawanda.

Sahwira rinotaura izvozvo pamusoro yezvakaitika kusvikira forties - mashanu of XV remakore, uye zvikurukuru akaita kuti mazita uye akafukidza munhu papera nguva. Vatsvakurudzi Vazhinji chiwanzo chokudavira kuti chinokosha chikamu kubudiswa haina akachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu Novgorod-Sofia Arch anotaurwa nevamwe zvinyorwa sezvo Sofia First Chronicle.

Fifth Novgorod Chronicle

Kudzidza zviri kunyorwa conventionally akasarudzwa nhamba mashanu, zviri nyore kuona kuti haisi kupfuura vashoma kupatsanurwa uye pamwe vaisanganisa ichi chinyorwa chechina, izvo kurukurirano akaenda pamusoro. Description yezviitiko zvinokosha iri vadonhedzera muna 1446 gore.

Yenhau, rinotaura nezvenguva Ivana Groznogo

Novgorodskie Chronicle vane Serial nhamba yechipiri uye wechitatu, zvisinei zvakanyorwa zvikuru paya pane rechina nerechishanu. Izvi rinonyatsoratidza achiitiswa ari mitauro kuongorora acho. Tikaenzanisa nedzimwe zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo yechipiri ine vazhinji zvimwe zvakasiyana nokukwereta yaMakoronike rakanyorwa Novgorod.

Hwakawanda huripo mune rimwe list, iro, maererano vaongorori, zvachose akarasika, rine yakawanda kunonakidza chokwadi chokuita nguva yaitonga Ivana Groznogo. Kunyanya anokosha ndiwo mashoko chokuita wokuLivonia Hondo uye Kazan rutsigiro.

Uchapupu chechi uye yenyika upenyu

Teverai Chronicle wake wechitatu vakaramba mashoko zvikuru pamusoro munhoroondo youpenyu echitendero Novgorod kwatiri, uye zvikurukuru pamusoro kuvakwa kwezvivako temberi mariri. Gwaro iri ndiro rinokosha zvinhu chidzidzo yekare mapurani mushakabvu Middle Ages. Kufanana nezvimwe Novgorod Chronicle, gwaro anozikamwa recensions akawanda, uye, kana huru okugadziridza kunounza rondedzero zviitiko pamberi 1675, akaparadzana mazita, vakaramba mberi.

Kuwedzera kune zvivako izvi, rakabudiswa munguva yedu uye kuva kuwanikwa voruzhinji, kunewo vakawanda zvimwe zvinyorwa kuti akafanana zvakasikwa Novgorod Sophia boka. Izvi zvinosanganisira, ndivo vanofanira kusanganisira anonzi rechitanhatu Novgorod Chronicle. Kusiyana ayo vamutangira, pamwe rondedzero yezvakaitika muguta pacharo, rine yakawanda munyika zvinhu chokuita nhoroondo yose wehurumende.

kosha sezvivako

Vazhinji unpublished nhoroondo Zvivako rimwe dhigirii kana mumwe nopindirana zvinhu yakanyorwa inokosha nhanhatu hwakavigwa mumakamuri, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa. Vakawanda Novgorodskie yaMakoronike ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo akawanda uye capacious kugutsikana mune yaMakoronike Russian. Zvivako Vakawanda kunyora yekare, wakavhomorwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo Rus yekare, atakure rupawo kwavo simba.

Pasinei nokuti nhoroondo zviitiko zviri yenhau ndiyo yaita norusaruro, nokuda pakudzorwa ari dzematongerwe chaakafoira kutonga Boyar Republic Zvisinei mune zvimwe zviitiko hachishandi 'netsitsi zvakajeka kudivi zvavo.