Ndeipi mutero muIjipiti yekare? History mitero

Egyptian budiriro ichaongororwa imwe mukuru munyika. Kwagara kufarira nevaongorori. Kuwedzera kune vakapfuma tsika, muEgipita budiriro uye siyana specificity hwenyika. Somumwe zviri bhora ichi vari nokugoverwa muchimiro yakasimba yakamisirwa mari uye mari. Chinangwa chacho chikuru chaiva nechokwadi risina kumiswa mumapurazi uye pfuma pakutengeserana. vaongorori vakawanda vanodavira kuti ndiyo kubvira panguva ariko neHurumende rinobva nhoroondo mitero. We inotevera kuita kukosha.

tsananguro

History mitero yakatanga kuziva zvinhu nokugoverwa. Sezvo vakanga nyika, zviyo nezvimwe zvigadzirwa, kwerunyararo vashandi. The chinhu iwe waiva muunganidzwa mitero zvakananga. MuIjipiti yekare pashure nzizi dzose kuitwa panenge pachivakwa. Chaiva ari rokutanga tsanangudzo zviyo mitero. Vashandi muIjipiti yekare, mitero, zvakanga zvokunyama mutoro vanhu. Kana yokukundikana kupa isingachinji ndozvakajairwa mumiririri aigona kuurayiwa.

chizvidavirire michina

Kuti tinzwisise kuti mutero iri muIjipiti yekare, unofanira uzive nzira yaishandiswa kuitisa mushumo. Technologies vakasiyana mhando zvinyorwa - ne mhando basa uye muridzi. Mukupera nyaya, nhokwe akanga ambopupura kuti nyika iri kukudziridzwa imwe munhu (kukodzera, uyo), inoitwa:

1. Plot saizi.
2. The dzemunharaunda muzana chikwata nharaunda.
3. Vose kutora mari.

manhamba vose nhokwe anoratidza tsvuku ingi. Other Entries chokuita nedzimwe mhando muridzi. Vanotanga nemashoko "chikamu, mugove". Izvi Entries ine 3-digit nhamba. Wokutanga waiva dema, mumwe - tsvuku:

1. The zvachose Ukuru mugove.
2. Part mutero.
3. mutero unodiwa.

The yokupedzisira yaiva zvachose uye wakaiswa uye akanga 12/4 nezviyero zvezviyo. Paiva neimwe shanduro rekodhi-kuchengeta. Ivo Chaiva 2 nenhamba vatema. Panyaya iyi, nokuyerwa akatakurwa ari nzvimbo emaoko (nokuti vamwe zvinyorwa - mu Arur). The hwakawanda huripo mabhuku vaongorori rakaoma kunzwisisa chaizvo zviri zvinyorwa. Zvisinei, vane conventionally zvinoratidza kuti mumwe chikamu nyika anonzi uncultivated uye saka pasi mitero kwete.

Specificity pamusoro inventories

Pakusarudza kuti mutero muIjipiti yekare, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano chinyorwa uye kuziva zviratidzo kwaienderana upfumi zvacho zvinhu. Nokuda kuti siyana zvinhu vakanga raanotaura chete uwandu mu nhokwe paiva mhando dzose kunyoresa. Maererano nokutsvakurudza ano, zvaibvira kuchengeta evoruzhinji oga, zvichienderana nemhando nezvenhoroondo. Zvisinei, sezvo izvi haina kushandiswa, vaongorori vanogumisa kuti chinhu chinokosha upfumi kuzvidzora rinoitwa. zvinhu ake pakutanga vakanga nyika uye vanhu anokonzera nayo.

Ndivanaani Ancient Egypt vaibhadhara mitero?

Izvi anonyanya kuitwa private Varidzi. vanhu ivavo vakanga kubatwa nyika arable, taigara pasi nokuongororwa. Navo, zvakare, kuti vasabhadhara mitero. Zvisinei, izvi kwakaitika yechinangwa multi-pamwero zvoupfumi kudzora hurongwa. Varimi ukarega kuziva chii mutero. MuIjipiti, chirimwa yakanga yabviswa mukati mwedzi pasi kuramba pokudzora vaongorori. Ipapo rose, yakakwana, akapa pamusoro pamatanda. Pashure paizvozvo, zvakawandisa goho (mari akapfuudza mwero pakukurukura) akadzokera varimi. Its mutengo ichitovimbawo ukuru zvakaipa nzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, varimi vaifanira kuvapowo panguva panenge pachivakwa uye akapika mhiko kuti nokuyerwa unoitwa ichokwadi. Zviyo yaitakurwa kuti nechepakati nzvimbo. Pashure kuti kupararira mumapurazi vakanga muridzi nokuda Farao wekare muIjipita uyewo. Danho rimwe nerimwe riri Zvechokwadi, kufungwa nevanhu mutoro uye kudzorwa. Kuparadzirwa gadziriro iri akaronga kuita verifications, magwaro, uye yakakwirira yakawiriranwa ongororo. All nyaya default mitemo pakarepo zvakanyorwa pamapepa enhokwe.

zvipfuwo

Achitsanangura kuti yakadaro mutero muIjipiti yekare, hazvibviri tisingatauri mumwe chinokosha pfuma - mombe. Pakati vasara zvinyorwa kujeka, kana pasi nokugoverwa emarara, asi Verenga zvokurima mhuka zvavo munyika yakanga vakatakura ose 2 years. Mombe-zvakakodzera kuti nzvimbo uko kangani. Ikoko, nechinangwa mitero vakapiswa mhuka. Kuparadzana mombe yaiitwa munyaya zvichienderana mhando, zera, uye kugadzirwa zvinangwa. Maererano inventories vakaumba Consolidated mazita.

kuverengwa kwevanhu pfuma

Rakanga rwaiitwa nguva nenguva. Kuverengwa kwevanhu kwakanga zvikuru muna nokudzora mugadziriro. Saka, mune dzimwe zvinyorwa, chaiyo musi, akataura izvozvo. Somuenzaniso, anoita kumbozviita: ". A gore pashure kuverengwa minda rechinomwe uye nendarama" Taxable ndandanda murimi mudiki pfuma vakanga inotaridza zvipfuwo Holdings, landings, uyewo izvi zvivako mutero. Mitero dzainzi basa. Inventory mitero unganidzwa pamusoro pfuma kuumbwa, maererano vaongorori, pamusoro muenzaniso vakanyoresa zviyo. In chete gwaro rinoti, uye chikwereti kwevanhu kuti anazvo zvinhu. Nguva nenguva kunze kuunganidza chikwereti. Nokuti kuti vakuru vakuru akaenda Boka varindi uye utsinye paaitarisana chikwereti.

Vagari kuverengwa kwevanhu

Rakanga rwaiitwa makore 15 ose. The Pamazita rine chikamu kwevanhu, uyewo kwavo pfuma. hanya kukuru zvawanikwa kubasa. Zvakatangira chete kunyoresa vanhu panzvimbo yavo basa. Gwaro iri yakatarwa vaienda wamambo kuchengetedzeka Management Bureau. Pashure paizvozvo akaita kuti pevatariri vashandi bato. Maererano Gwaro iri, mirairo nyaya iri kugadzwa. Tinofunga misoro zvevanhu. Inventory zvinyorwa yevashandi vaisanganisa kuti nokupinza kushandisa simba. To ichi vaiva ndandanda yemazita. Vakaita zvikonzero hahupo. Sechikonzero vakaziva tsika mutemberi, mushandi chirwere kana mhuri yake, uyewo kuruma munhu chinyavada.

Mhando mitero

Ancient Egyptian Farao akachingamidza paumbwe zvoupfumi ukama kwakavakirwa rokumanikidzwa varanda uye vakasununguka varidzi. Mitero aiva rakakura mari:

• Apomoyra - dhipoziti mari uye mhando (chakaita kuti 1/6 kukohwa).
• Tax mazambiringa.
• 5% of mari kubva Rental pakati musha.
• 10% of mutengo wokutengesa zvigadzirwa.
• 2% ari pamusika kwema (nokuti ekisipoti / zvainoreva kwenhumbi pamwe).
• Apostolion - mutero yokufamba mukati munyika.

Last yaitarirwa vafambisi, navakuru, nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vamwe vanhu vaipfuura. Uyewo vakavhura mutero unokosha kuchinjwa mugwenga, achiunganidza pamusoro zviri zvikepe, vanachiremba, dzokugezera, mapurisa, yeko uye zvichingodaro.

chindingindingi

Vakanga zvakajairika chaizvo muIjipiti yekare. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kuvhiyiwa munhu anotambura:

• kugadzirwa uye pakugadzira zvinhu (simbi mhangura, Mufurakisi);
• Kugadzirwa (kusunungurwa enhokwe, mafuta);
• kurapwa (kupinzwa);
• mari (rwezvemabhengi masangano).

Kuvhiyiwa uye vanomanikidzwa chindingindingi. Kuvapo kwavo nokuti guru varidzi Usakurumidza kuti mari nokuda mukuru unodiwa. Somunhu ndiye mhando akaita tsitsi. Akanga zvakare kumanikidzwa. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti mari inounganidzwa kubva mitero akatumira muchivigiro. Tax varimi vakagamuchira zvigadzirwa, sangano kubudiswa dzavo, unonyatsoruramisa, vaikwanisa kuti vatengesi uye vawane kwavari sandarara kubhadhara.

pasi

Iye akaita nguva dzose, chikuru chinangwa mitero. The zviyo akaita huru ekisipoti chigadzirwa. Muridzi wenyika waiva Farao weIjipiti yekare. Zvisinei, kwokurangana inogona kuchinjwa kupinda nhaka vanhuwo zvavo, vanokudzwa, temberi. Marapirwo akanga akatakurwa migove varanda kana chete varimi. Pemipumburu kupa hwakadzama nyika kupatsanura maererano siyana zvinodiwa:

• Mitero.
• Zvirimwa.
• The mwero kudiridzwa.
• Order.
• Uridzi.
• Quality.

Areas yaigona achichinjwa muboka kune mumwe. Izvi zvinenge wakaiswa mu magwaro. Qualification goho akanga atariswa basa raikosha zvichienzanirana nokuyerwa mugove. Chinonziwo akachengetwa ari oga gwaro zvisimbiso. Ivo nangana maBhaibheri maviri. Vamwe Mapato vokuparidzira mitero havasi dzatangwa. Zvikurukuru, ivo vakasununguka vatongi uye vanamabharani.