Baikal hove: mazita tsananguro

Kudeuka Freshwater nyanza panyika - Lake Baikal. udzamu wayo 1637 metres, uye makore ichi yakasiyana muviri mvura, maererano masayendisiti, anopfuura makore makumi maviri namashanu mamiriyoni.

imwe pfungwa pakati vaongorori mudziva Baikal - ndiye penyanza ramangwana; haana zvinoratidza kuchembera, Mahombekombe ayo tichingotarisira kuwedzera. The chete rwizi ruchiyerera kubva mugungwa, ndiye Angar, uyo urefu - 1779 makiromita. Angara widest (863 m) uye makuru munyika.

hove Baikal anozivikanwa kwete chete kuSiberia, kubwinya kare vakayambuka miganhu nyika yedu. About manakiro yake ngano. Dried kana aisvuta omul - bhurasho chipo kuti Siberians kuunza shamwari dzako mumaguta akawanda Russia. Kamwe iwe edza madhishi kubva Baikal hove, vafambi vakawanda vari kuronga kwavo inotevera rwendo Lake Baikal, kuti zvakare kufadzwa zvikuru hunhu uye kunaka aisvuta whitefish, grayling uye munhuwi vakagochwa aisvuta whitefish uye golomyanka akaomeswa.

Baikal chengetedza

Kuchengetedza rakasiyana hunhu Lake Baikal muna 1969 Biosphere Reserve, riri riri kumabvazuva kwegungwa yakatangwa pano. It anopindura mundima huru - iri 167.871 hectares pagomo kwaasingasvikiri Khamar-Daban. Miganhu yacho Baikal Nature Reserve dziri munzizi uye Mishikha Vydrin. Baikal yakapoteredza makomo - iri dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi pamusoro mhepo Hova vaitakura kwakanyanya kusunungurwa sediments.

The kuchengeterwa anoponeswa mazana nemamwe marudzi kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Rare vamiririri pemvura nyika yakakurumbira Baikal Reserve. Hove inowanikwa gumi marudzi. Izvi kunyanya noruchinda, Rainbow uye grayling. mhando idzi panguva zviri kukonzera murwizi, uye muuye pakupera kwezhizha zvakare shure mugungwa, apo ivo kupedza chando.

Mhando Baikal hove

Uye akarurama mudziva (kusanganisira nzvimbo akadzivirira), mune zvinopfuura makumi mashanu mhando hove. gumi chete chokuita nokuwanda hove. The kupfuura nomukurumbira zvavo grayling, whitefish uye cisco. In vashomanana zvakafanana zvakadaro zvinokosha Baikal hove dzakaita Baikal Sturgeon, Rainbow, muramba uye neshinda. Uyezve, kurarama mudziva knot, Ide, roach.

Maererano achangopfuura data, zvachose biomass hove mugungwa iri matani anenge maviri nemakumi matatu nezviuru, kusanganisira zviuru makumi matanhatu matani hove. Kuwedzera uwandu zvinokosha kwemarudzi hove Irkutsk akasikwa Ltd. "Baikal hove", basa iro tichataura pamusoro pashure.

Below isu anokuisai mazita vakawanda mhando rwegungwa hove:

• Rainbow;
• Mufurakisi;
• cisco;
• Arctic kwaIsakari;
• whitefish;
• grayling;
• Pike;
• Ide;
• bream
• Siberian dace;
• minnow;
• Siberian roach;
• minnow;
• kabhu;
• Lin;
• Amur kabhu;
• Siberian kwaIsakari;
• Amur Catfish;
• Siberian Chipper;
• burbot;
• mukusvudziri Rota;
• 27 howa shirokolobok;
• golomyanka;
• sculpin.

Tinyatsoziva mamwe mashoko.

whitefish

Izvi nyanza inotonhorera-mvura hove spawns uye anogara mudziva. Vagari chinomiririrwa mugungwa uye rwizi uye nyanza nezvimiro, rine mamiriro subspecies. Ivo zvisingapindirani kwenhamba dakashwa rakers, Perforated zviyero riri lateral mutsetse. Fish Baikal nyanza whitefish chimiro ane makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu namashanu Gill rakers. hove idzi vanowanzotevedzera kuita kuti pave mudziva.

Sig-humpback whitefish - rwizi fomu rine yekudyidzana zvishoma Stamens, kunonyanyisa maviri nezvina. hove mugungwa, uyewo zvayo rechibharo ndiye mukova, iye anopedza upenyu tichinoona yokutama. Yemanyorero spawns munzizi, 250? Km kubva pamuromo, uye anodyisa iri mudziva mvura. Kusiyana kuhama dzavo kwegungwa yakaderera zvikuru uye zvakasimba-richishanda muviri pachikero.

Whitefish akatambanudza zvinenge zvose pamusoro pegungwa, asi chikuru wevasungwa iri munyaya Barguzin uye Chivyrkuisky Bay, pamusoro Selenga kudzika mvura uye muGungwa Small. Kazhinji, richiwanika munyika pre-estuarine nharaunda enzizi uye Upper Angara Kichera. Whitefish anoda mvura shoma chete jecha ivhu. Vamiririri rwegungwa-rwizi siyana vanorarama mamita makumi maviri zvakadzama. In yechando ivo aburuke kuti kudzika 150 m, uye tsime uye chirimo - 40-50 mamita.

Avhareji kurema specimens shanu riri 500 magiramu, nomwe-cig anoyera hafu kilogram, uye makore 15 Kurema hove vanogona kusvika 5 kg. Varedzi vanoti vakakwanisa kubata whitefish yairema anopfuura 10 makirogiramu. Whitefish - chinokosha Baikal hove, izvo hove, maererano masayendisiti, zvino zvakakodzera kucheka, kunyanya panguva zviri kukonzera. Kuwedzera nhamba yacho inofanira kuva chakagadzirwa maberekero nokurera furaya muite. Izvi inorangarira zvipenyu zviri mumatanho ose okukura.

omul

Baikal hove omul anotaurwa vanhu shanu rwegungwa;

• ambassadorial;
• Selenga;
• Chivyrkui;
• North Baikal;
• Barguzin.

Kunyange asati asvika nyanza, uchawana kupfuura akakurumbira uye richinaka whitefish Rinomiririra - North Baikal. Inogona kuonekwa nehoro ose mumaguta, chitima dzemapurisa, mumisha miduku. On munzira veko ichakupa akaomeswa uye munyu omul, uye paunosvika kugungwa unogona kuona itsva-kubatwa Arctic cisco.

Baikal omul - hove kungova genus whitefish, Sarimoni mhuri. The kamwe hombe uye pane bhizimisi raiva nepurofiti yakakurumbira ugere Lake Baikal, nhasi yekudyidzana yakaderera kukura, uye zvinosuwisa, riri kuda kutsakatika. Kureba muviri wayo zvino asingadi kupfuudza masendimita mashanu uye anoyera makirogiramu matatu.

Chinonyanya akakurumbira pakati vashanyi, nokuda kwaizvozvo, uye vanhu veko kunakirwa - cisco vaiputa. Chaizvoizvo ari delicacy wechokwadi, kwete chete munyika yedu asi kunze. Izvi zvinokosha Baikal hove, nyama ine rinokosha chaizvo kuravidza kuti hazvigoni kuvhiringidzwa nezvimwe. Zviri chaizvo nyoro uye zara mafuta. With kurudyi kugadzirira rinowanika kujairika kufarira iyo uye anzwisisa. Vazhinji vashanyi kokutanga kuravidza vakakwana ichi, vanoti kuti hapana inonaka zvakawanda zvavakanga vasina kudya hwangu.

chibatiso matanho

Izvi Baikal hove nokuti zvakare ndichibvunza chokunyengera zvinoshamisa kunoderedza uwandu vanhu. Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura nayo abatwa zvuru makumi mana quintals hove. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakaitwa chirongwa kuti ndibate whitefish yakazokudziridzwa ndokugamuchirwa muna 1982, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kuverenga reserves, uyewo kuva nzira nokuda kodzera chikonzero. Mumakore achangopfuura, vari kuramba kushandisa incubate cisco. Tinovimba kuti tichionga izvi kuchengeteka basa Baikal hove mapikicha paunogona kuona pazasi, nekuchengetedzwa, vagari kuchawedzera.

grayling

Baikal grayling White ari subspecies pakati kuSiberia grayling. In Lake Baikal, hove ichi anogara anenge pamhenderekedzo, ndiyo Inonyanya nechokumabvazuva, apo kudzika asingadi kupfuudza matatu mamita. Nokuti zviri kukonzera umber anoda shallows jecha norukangarabwe uye nechepasi kana mabhanzi. Zviri kukonzera kunotanga mukupera April uye rinovapo kusvikira mid-May. Panguva ino, tembiricha mvura anoda kubva 7.5 kusvika +14,6 ° C.

Munguva kuberekesana nguva, grayling kuchinja ruvara: mukono muviri anova rima kuchena, aine esimbi Sheen ruvara. Uye pamusoro pelvic zvimbi, dorsal zenze aonekwa mhangura-tsvuku nzvimbo yacho. Yokumusoro pamucheto dorsal zenze iri yakashongedzwa ukomba rima dzvuku. Egg kukura iyi mhando rinovapo anenge gumi namanomwe mazuva.

Sturgeon

Ndicho wedangwe uye guru hove Baikal Kamchatka. mashoko okutanga nezvazvo anogona kuwanikwa mishumo Nikolaya Spafariya uye Avvakum, uyo akashanyira chinoshamisa nyanza pakutanga XVII remakore. Kuwanda Sturgeon mairi akanongedzera I. G. Gmelin (1751), paakatsanangura rwendo rwake kuburikidza kuSiberia. I. G. Georgi - anozivikanwa zvakasikwa-aiongorora - mukupera XVII remakore, zvakajeka muna manotsi ake Sturgeon kuti anogara mudziva, uyewo hove hove ichi murwizi Selenga.

Kwemakore akawanda akadzidza Baikal Sturgeon A. G. Egorov. Akaita basa guru nokudzidza estuaries, bays, kurondedzera saizi yayo, kuparadzirwa, biology uye Fisheries dzakasiyana munzvimbo kwegungwa. The akakurumbira Russian munyori V. P. Astafev akamuti "Mambo-hove".

Sturgeon - mumiriri chete nehove cartilaginous mudziva. Its ruvara neeSultan kubva chiedza Brown shava, dumbu nguva dzose zvakati vakareruka. Pamwe muviri wose vashanu mitsara aikosha pfupa zhuchek, uye pakati pavo - duku pfupa ndiro ane zvakasiyana chimiro. Caudal zenze, zvakawanda chaizvo, aro okumusoro akafukidza zvakati rebei kupfuura pasi.

Where zvakafanana Sturgeon?

The inonyanya Sturgeon ari Delta pakati porwizi Selenga, ari bays kweLake Baikal. Anorarama ari kudzika kusvika makumi mashanu mamita. In autumn, panguva mhepo yakasimba, unogona kuenda kune mumwe kudzika 150 metres. Winters mumiromo Nzizi huru mune muhunza. Mugore hove inokura kuti paavhareji 5-7 cm. The mukuru otonga mita kana kupfuura pakureba uye anoyera makirogiramu 100. Baikal Sturgeon kuchitaurwa muna Red muBhuku Russia uye Buryatia, somunhu rudzi, kwava kushoma.

sors hove

For zvikuru nezviduku nzizi mugungwa "uya" Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuSiberia hove: knot uye Pike, ides uye Dace, roach uye kabhu Zvisinei, zvakadzama Baikal haana kugamuchira, nekuti pane mumwe udzamu, vamwe zvokudya, mumwe tembiricha yakasiyana. hove idzi vakajaira nomungoro dzinamatenga - iri shoma bays kweLake Baikal, uye gungwa Rainbow uye Lenka ndokuwira mugungwa iri huru mutero kweLake Baikal, uye vanogona kuwanikwa mune estuaries.

Vagari yakachena mvura yakadzika

Makore anenge mamiriyoni maviri apfuura, hove cottoid akatanga kupinda murwizi, achiedza kujairana Freshwater upenyu. Pamwe penzizi uye vakasimuka mugungwa. Pakutanga vakagara mumvura isina kudzika, ipapo - mvura yakadzika, uye mvura mbiru. Nhasi nomunzizi uye madziva pamusoro Eurasia, kusanganisira muzvitsuwa Japan, mupenyu 14 mhando hove cottoid mudziva uye izvo pane 33 marudzi.

Ruzhinji (84%) cottoid hove kugara pazasi Lake Baikal. Kazhinji, ivo chete "gara" pasi. Vanogona kunyange kubata ruoko rwake, uye chete iyi vari "akasvetuka" kusvikira makumi - masere masendimita uye -oma zvakare, anodonha pasi.

Dzimwe hove pasi vanosarudza kuchera mujecha kana madhaka, saka kuti chete rwakapoteredza meso anogona kuonekwa pamusoro pevhu. Kazhinji hove idzi dzinowanikwa pasi matombo (vari saka anowanzonzi sculpin), mumakomba, mune crevices. Muna 1977, vatsvakurudzi kubva yesayenzi yepasi pemvura "Pisces-kirasi zvakadzama submergence motokari", ndaona pane imwe kudzika 800 mamita dzvuku sculpin. Iye gomba iri silt, izvo vanonhonga, akaisa mberi chete musoro uye akarwiswa, nechikepe yapfuura yake yokuvanda nzvimbo, crustaceans, amphipods.

ruvara

Baikal hove Ngavabatwe mvura yakadzika, ndivo kupfuura siyana ruvara. Coastal mhando, muitiro kuva grey kana ndachena uswa zviyero, uye kumativi muviri zviri pachena kuoneka makwapa matema. Apo neapo pane hove, dzakapendwa nenzira kujairika samaragidhino girini ruvara. With kuwedzera kudzika pasi pemvura zvisikwa dziberekane kuchinja kubva tsvuku kusvikira wachena nokurohwa, pink, parera kuchena, mashava, orenji.

golomyanka

Pasinei nokuti dzinonakidza zviri hove cottoid, kupfuura nemamwe vavo vanofanira kuziva golomyankas. Ndicho chikuru nevanhu mudziva. zvachose biomass Its koda kaviri, dzimwe hove zvose kuti kurarama mudziva. Zviri vanopfuura zviuru zana namakumi mashanu matani. Hazvina -mhenyu kubereka hove, chisingazivi kuita kuti pave: achisununguka furaya kurarama.

Lake Baikal musha marudzi maviri hove - zvikuru nezviduku. Vose vari pana zvakasiyana dzakadzika, kusvikira chaizvo pasi. Golomyanka kunze zooplankton kudya vavo. Uye kunyange pasinei ichi, gore negore kukura hove iri matani anenge zana namakumi mashanu zviuru. Nemamwe mashoko, mukati gore rimwe, izvozvo inogadziridza yevagari zvachose.

On golomyanka zvisingagoneki kuronga maindasitiri uchibata nokuti chakatasanurwa pamusoro madaro marefu uye ndiye zvokudya Baikal chisimbiso uye omul. Nhengo remasangano mhando vanosvika 25 masendimita (vakadzi) pakureba, vanhurume - 15 cm.

LLC "Baikal hove"

Pakutanga ino, takataura nezvazvo nokuda hazvizivi kubereka hove pfuma Lake Baikal, kambani rakavambwa muna 2009. Inopa kurima hove yakavakirwa Belsky uye Burduguzskogo hatcheries.

Kuburikidza esangano iri mvura Irkutsk nharaunda, uye muna Lake Baikal, kusanganisira, pagore yakabereka podroschennye furaya zvinokosha hove dzemarudzi akafanana grayling, Sturgeon, omul, peled nevamwe.

Kubvira 2011, madziva siyana uye Republic of Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory, kuti Irkutsk nharaunda kupfuura zvidimbu mamiriyoni mana hove duku vakasunungurwa.