Belovezhskoe chibvumirano, kana imwe nyika kuti isu vakarasikirwa

pachinzvimbo Sumo

Mutungamiri kuitika pamusoro Russian Federation Vladimir Putin akadana kuparara Soviet Union mukuru geopolitical chikanganiso remakore rechi20. Belovezhskaya chibvumirano, uye, somugumisiro payo, paumbwe Kishi havana kukwanisa kuchigadzira.

Chikonzero uye kushanda

History vaudzewo kuti pasinei simba kana mumwe kana humwe humambo, iye ari kuenda kuburikidza huru muzvikamu zvitatu: kuberekwa, simuka uye kutsakatika. Kwakanga kusina Kusara uye masimba makuru remakore rechi20 - Soviet Union. Akaberekerwa weropa kutandadza chimurenga uye hondo yevagari, vakayambuka utsinye collectivization uye nenzara, kuparadza rudzi, repressions Stalin vake, zvachose kuparadza nenhamo, uyo akakunda zvikuru zvinotyisa panguva yehondo - World War II, ikava dongo uye, kufanana Phoenix kumuka madota, uye akanga colossus netsoka dzevhu, akaita pasi mukuru mutemo Genesisi uye akaputsa makore 21 apfuura.

Nokuti vakadaro chiitiko akanga ezvinhu ayo zvakakomba, uye mumwe mukuru - the shingirira kukwikwidzirana USSR uye US, Moscow uye Washington.

Munguva "hondo inotonhora" pamwe West aiziva kuti ini chokwadi umwe: Soviet Union hazvigoni vakundwa vemauto nzira, chete nayo zvingakanganisa mari, uye yakanaka kuwana kwakaita vatsigiri mukati USSR. Zvechokwadi, vakawana - mukutarisana vamwe vatungamiri Union chinoda.

zvinangwa West vakanga zvakajeka. Asi chii chakaita kuti vakuru hurumende yoga "chinoda-hanzvadzi?" Somugumisiro, aiva nomukurumbira yekare nheyo "kamura uye kutonga". Chokwadi, ndaneta kuva omurume mukuru Centre - Moscow aida kuva vatongi pachavo matunhu yavo, kurarama "yakanaka uye vakasununguka", sezvo waitsigira America.

Akaputsa kuburikidza nesimba muna RSFSR Boris Yeltsin vainyatsoda kuva musoro wehurumende. zvinangwa zvakafanana ndaviga nevatungamiriri nesimba nedzimwe nharaunda. Asi havana chipenye ezvinhu chokuvapo yeSoviet Union. Pakanga pane mumwe chete - kurova makava kubvisa kuvimbika nyika, kunyanya Soviet Constitution, vakagamuchirwa muna 1977, October 7, mumwe zvokuvhoterwa kwainzi anotonga pehurumende uye aiva nekodzero akasungunuka secede kubva kuna USSR.

Kurwa nokuti ...?

President Gorbachev akaedza kurambidza pokuwa Union, kuchengetedza kubatana mamiriro. Kuti izvi magumo chakaitirwa All Union referendamu musi March 17 1991, iro ruzhinji vagari akavhotera ndichengetedze nyika yavo. Musi 20 ndipo yaAugust 91st akanga akaronga kusaina rutsva Union Treaty. Asi derailed nokuda kubvuta masimba, iyo akasvika pakuzivikanwa so Emergency Committee. Panguva iyoyowo, musi 24 August 1991. Ukraine adopts ari Declaration of Independence. December 1 Ukraine, panguva imwe chete pamwe musarudzo, vakabata referendum pamusoro rusununguko rweUkraine kubva kuRussia uye nezvimwe chinoda. Mubvunzo mukuru akanga worded zvakakwana convoluted kuvhiringidza vanhu vari zvaasingatsauri nezvehukorokodzwa enyika mitambo uye Formulations. Nekuti 90% kuti vavhoti vaitsigira pfungwa rusununguko, kunyanya panyaya kunotaurwa richengetedzwe batana ukama dzaichimbova. In kwegadziriro referendamu yakafara anoparadzirwa chirongwa nationalist zvakanzi raitwa, musimboti rakanga wakaderedzwa kusvika chinyorwa-nyaya: "Rega kupa Moscow" Kana iwe atore yakasiyana gwaro makore iwayo - manyepo mapepa vakapa mahara mumigwagwa vakawanda nzvimbo Ukraine, verenga chaizvoizvo. Kudzora papeji rokutanga, vataipa nemabhii makuru, uye tafura pazasi nemashoko acho:

"Vagari Ukraine, kwete CHICHAITIKA kubvumira pachavo kuti kunyengedzwa! Production pa capita uye nzvimbo Ukraine pakati zvikuru dzakabudirira zvenyika ... "iri tafura kunoratidza kuti Ukraine iri rakava 1st nokuda nharaunda, richienzaniswa Germany, Japan, Britain, kuti dzokubudisa pakati zviwanikwa, kusanganisira simbi mhangura, uye simbi kugadzirwa uyewo 1-2 nzvimbo pakati rinoti izvi kuti kugadzirwa kwezvokudya, kusanganisira chingwa, nyama nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka muUkraine kakawanda kupfuura mune imwe nyika. Mapepa akazviratidza kuti Ukraine - vakapfuma hurumende inogona kuvapo roga, kufudza pacharo uye zvinopa zvose zvakakodzera zvizere mashandiro. Uye Ukrainians havararami vapfumi uye kufara chete nokuti anobvisa Russia zvose kuti Moscow, semhare chikwevaropa rakanamatira muviri evanhu uye sucks vokupedzisira: "Ukraine unobereka, Union kunze kwenyika, mari - zvinotora Moscow. Isu nevana vedu vachisiya ezvoupfumi dongo, magene degeneration nenhamo. " Zvadaro, muna mutauro wokuUkraine vakaenda nyora mibvunzo, izvo akapomera vaKomonisiti, dare Union akabatwa kuba zvachose, pamwe vakawanda chakabiwa kuchibva yesangano muUkraine, kuti uori vatevedzere mutemo uye utevere evasingatombonamati tsotsi zvavanoda, pasina pamusoro chero kwemitemo, uye ichi kutambura vanhu, uye kutanga - Ukrainian. I yakaguma ichi "Paaidzidzisa" ichangobva basa guru chikumbiro: "A mugari Ukraine, pasinei norudzi kana bato chavanopinda! FUNGA referendamu USATI kwakaitwa pedu MUZINDA: Unoda aronga rakadzokororwa SSR "?

mishandirapamwe kwakadaro rwaiitwa dzimwe chinoda. Vanhu vanodzidziswa kuti zvose zvinoreva Zvinoda Russia, uye pasina richasvika paraiitwa zhinji, zvese kuMadokero. Saka kurangana, zvakazoita kuparadzwa USSR uye Belovezhskoe chibvumirano.

Vakaziva kuti vatatu ...

Saka, musangano misoro Russia, Ukraine uye Belarus - Boris Yeltsin, Kravchuk uye Shushkevich - wakaitwa muna Bialowieza Forest, yakagara "Viskuli". Zvaiva imomo kuti December 8 aiva kusaina ari zvibvumirano enhoroondo Belavezha 91 fung gore, magwaro, maererano izvo Soviet Union yakaguma kuvapo, uye pachinzvimbo akaumba Commonwealth pakati Independent States - Kishi. Kwaari vakazosunungurwa tuhova chinoda 9 Soviet.

Kuti Belovezhskoe chibvumirano rakasiyana nemamwe zvayo tsotsi hunhu, uyewo chaiko rangano, akati ndechokuti pashure nokusaina zvose zvinyorwa vamukira pakarepo akadana musoro US George HW Bush, uye akashuma "kubudirira" zvavo. Saka kutaura, isu akashuma anobudirira basa rinoitwa.

Uye Mikhail Gorbachev, mutungamiri Soviet, akadzidza pamusoro chiitiko zuva rakatevera. Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, musi December yechi25 1991, Gorbachev ichangobva akataura ari kero paterevhizheni kune Soviet vanhu semutungamiri. Iye akasiya masimba ake wenyika uye bhegi pakarepo pashure Kutamiswa zvenyukireya, uye pamwe pacho vose kudzora zvenyukireya ehondo, President Russian Boris Yeltsin.

Manheru December wa25, vakawanda nyika terevhizheni vakanga kutepfenyurwa kubva Moscow pamusoro nezvekutanga mhemberero panguva Kremlin USSR mureza uye nokusimudza panzvimbo Russian tricolor. Saka, chikuru, nyika simba munyika yakaparadzwa pasina rimwe vapfurwa. The nyota simba raiva nesimba kupfuura pfungwa uye nyika mhosva.

Achiratidza

Chii chakapa vanhu yaichimbova Soviet Union uye pokuwa pakusikwa Kishi? Maiwe ... Panguva iyoyo, zvose Europe kudzimwa pamiganhu, akakura akava nesimba muna European Union, akasuma vhiza isina hurumende uye kuumba zvakafanana zvoupfumi nzvimbo mukati yaimbova Soviet Union akatanga kuonekwa muganhu zvikukutu uye tsika. Vakaurayiwa chihombe kuroorwa National zvoupfumi kunzwisisa. Matambudziko 90 kuti nezvainoita zvakanaka vagari chinoda zvose, kubvira zvekuvaka-vapfumi Russia, maindasitiri Ukraine, uye kune rimwe duku varombo Moldova, akadai Tajikistan nevamwe. Neimwe itsva nyika yakatanga kuva Mutongo vepamusoro yayo nounyanzvi raizoshanda mubvunzo National, anomutsa kukakavara uye negakava, uye pasi kavha ichi uye inoita "prihvatiziruyuschaya" ari wakare pfuma. Akaberekwa vanhu vakaderera nokuda oligarchs, rinobhadhara ikozvino. Vanhu vakawana pachake nezano kurutivi upenyu uye anodhonzera panze wenhamo kuvapo kwemakore 21. Uye hapana mubvunzo kuti kuhwina vakauya Belovezhskoe chibvumirano chete kuMadokero.