Chii chinoita kutaridza dzemakomo zvikamu? Dzemakomo bhanhire Caucasus

Sechivako altitudinal munyika dzine of Caucasus - yakakwana tichienzanisa nedzimwe makomo Russian. Maererano UNESCO World Heritage nyanzvi, nharaunda iri dzinoratidzwa siyana kunoshamisa zvemaumbirwo, zvinhu zvipenyu uye mhando, rine maturakiti zvikuru masango gomo vakagadzikana akasiyana pasi European pamwero. Funga nezvomuenzaniso huru gomo hurongwa, iyo anosarudza kuva mukuru-vosimba wongoramba. Ngationei kuti vanhu vanoshandisa zvepanyama ezvinhu uye pfuma nerimwe tote zvikamu.

Altitudinal mabhandi mumakomo

Vertical zoning - kana dzemakomo mapazi - enzvimbo muenzaniso, izvo kunooneka pacharo ari kuchinja chirimwa munharaunda kubva mezvikomo kumusoro. Vakasiyana Latitude zviri alternation dzinongoitika dzoga mumapani, izvo zviri kukonzerwa vasanyanye uwandu rezuva mwaranzi kubva neequator nematanda. A izere akagadzirwa dzemakomo munyika dzine anotaurwa marefu, izvo dziri munzvimbo ine uye dzinopisa zvikamu. We nyora zvose zvinobvira kutwasuka dzinongoitika zvikamu (kubva parutsoka kusvikira pamusoro):

1. Wet ine masango (kusvika imwe nekukwirira 1200 mamita).
2. Mountain masango.
3. Masango High gomo (3000 m).
4. Undersized akarukwa miti, nemiti (kusvika 3800 m).
5. Alpine Meadows (4500 m).
6. Rocky dongo, asingabereki matombo.
7. Snow, gomo mazitombo echando.

Chii chinoita kutaridza dzemakomo zvikamu?

Kuvapo kukwira munyika dzine rinotsanagurwa achideredza tembiricha, kufurirwa, uye mwando pamwe kuwedzera kureba. Air panguva kuwedzera pa 1 km riri dzaserera nokuda paavhareji 6 ° C. For 12 ose M kwayo vane mumhepo kumanikidzwa kuderera 1 mm HG.

Mumakomo, izvo dziri panguva dzakasiyana kure neequator, hunyambiri zoning anosiyana yekudyidzana. Musi iwoyo Latitude sezvo dzimwe nguva pane zvakasiyana dzinongoitika gadziriro.

We zvinyore, iyo anosarudza kutaridza dzemakomo munyika dzine, chii ezvinhu anokanganisa inotungamirwa yavo:

• The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo kumakomo. The pedyo neequator, chikuru hunyambiri zvikamu.
• Pamapani kazhinji takabatikana yepanyama munharaunda, izvo chitonge yakapoteredza mubani.
• Kukwirira gomo. Pane dzakakwirira, dzakapfuma iine nemabhandi. The kure kubva inodziya latitudes uye makomo ezasi, rezasi zvikamu (North Urals mune 1-2 chete).
• The napedyo yamakungwa uye nyanza, iyo yakaumbwa pamusoro inodziya uye nyorovera mhepo.
• Mugumisiro chando kana kudziya yakaoma mhepo gobvu ichibva kondinendi.

Vertical nokuchinja dzakadaro dziri pamakomo Western Caucasus

Kune bhandi dzemakomo of Caucasus, chokuita nezvemarudzi maviri wehunyambiri zoning: Continental uye kumahombekombe (pagungwa). Yechipiri rinomiririrwa mu pamakomo Western Caucasus, kuona simba Atlantic, nyorovera mugungwa mhepo.

We nyora huru dzemakomo bhandi kubva mezvikomo kusvika nenhongonya:

1. Meadow inowanzorimwa interruptible clumps pomuouki, hornbeam, dota (m 100).

2. Forest Zone.

• Broadleaf montane dondo (m kusvika 600). Apo neapo coniferous miti (spruce, dzinowanikwa mapazi ichi Caucasian yemisipiresi). Dzimwe nzvimbo akafanana nyorovera subtropical miti yakasvibira makwenzi umo mizambiringa kukura, boxwood, yew there, welaurel.
• Belt vakavhengana masango (pamusoro 1200 m).
• Dark coniferous dondo uswa.

3. subalpine dzakaminama uye varefu nomumatondo (kukwira mamita 2000).

4. low-uswa YOMUMAKOMO Mafuro, vapfumi mabhero, nechipiriso uye amburera zvinomera.

5. nival mapazi (ari nekukwirira 2800-3200 m).

Nivalis Latin rakashandurwa se "akadzikama." In mapazi ichi, asi zvisina dombo, chando uye chando, pane Zvikwenzi zvinomera: buttercups, primroses, plantain uye nevamwe.

Dzemakomo mapazi of Eastern Caucasus

Kumabvazuva, pane dzimwe dzemakomo bhandi vanoverengeka kuCaucasus, iyo inowanzonzi Continental kana Dagestan mhando wehunyambiri zoning. Pamapani ari Semi-zvakajairika, izvo inotsiviwa pakaoma steppes ane predominance pakati rekushongedzesa uye sagebrush. Kumusoro muri mumatenhere pamusoro xerophytic nemiti, isingawanzowanikwi dondo uswa. Next Alpine dzinongoitika mapazi raimiririra gomo renje, uswa nechipiriso. Dzinoburukira mujinga ari kugamuchira chikamu nyoro mhepo yacho Atlantic, pane masango yakafara-leaved miti (nemiouki, hornbeam uye Beech) of. The Eastern bhandi dondo Caucasus kuchatsiviwa subalpine uye YOMUMAKOMO Mafuro vane predominance pamusoro xerophytic zvinomera pagungano kukwira vanenge 2800 M (Alps muganhu wenyika ino riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 2200 m). Nival mapazi kunosvika panguva kukwirira 3600-4000 m.

Enzanisa altitudinal munyika dzine muEast uye West Caucasus

Number kukwira munyika dzine East Caucasus isingasviki West, nokuda simba pamusoro inotungamirwa dzakadaro mumakomo mhepo makore, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, uye zvimwewo. Somuenzaniso, kudziya uye nyorovera Atlantic mhepo inenge asingadi kupinda kumabvazuva, izvozvo anoramba mukuru muhomba. Panguva iyoyo haina kuwana inotonhora vakasvinura mhepo kumadokero chikamu eCaucasus.

The chikuru kusiyana mukuru-richisimuka hurongwa of Eastern Caucasus zvikamu kubva West:

• kuvapo Semi-mugwenga pamapani;
• repasi bhandi yakaoma inowanzorimwa;
• yakamanikana dondo mapazi;
• xerophytic mumatenhere zvikwenzi pajinga pamuganhu mudondo bhandi;
• hapana coniferous dondo mapazi
• Inowanzorimwa mu svikiro uye refu mugove;
• Kuwedzera gomo-kumafuro mapazi;
• yepamusoro nzvimbo snows uye mazitombo echando.
• dondo uswa chete mumipata;
• zvinenge usambofa kuitika muti coniferous mhuka.

Economic basa vokuparidzira

The Zvinoumba zvepanyama nzvimbo Caucasus nokuda kuchinja okunze parameters mukati kugomo hurongwa kubva napamaruva kumusoro kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. Kuziva chaizvo napo kutaridza dzemakomo munyika dzine, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nharaunda ine mukuru nevanhu arambe achirema, kunyanya pamusoro Sea Black nemhenderekedzo. Rakaorera inowanzorimwa mapani Ciscaucasia zvinenge vakarima zvachose uye inogarwa zvirimwa ezviyo uye vise zvirimwa, neminda, neminda yemizambiringa. Kunotangwa subtropical zvokurima, kusanganisira kurima tii, maranjisi muchero, mapichisi uye fruit. Mountain nzizi vane hombe kuchengeterwa remvura simba, rakashandiswa kudiridzwa kuti shoma munzvimbo. Inowanzorimwa, Semi-magwenga uye Mafuro mafuro. In bhandi kuchera uye foresitiri vakatakura kukohwa.

All bhandi mukuru-kuwedzera muMakomo Caucasus vane mikana yakakwana kuti ushanyi. Negadziriro neeSultan svikiro uye refu akafukidzwa nemasango, mazizaya uye chando, chinokwezva mafeni ose Skiing uye Snowboarding. Routes kunosanganisira KUKUNDA matombo, Mujinga nzizi gomo nesinou. mhepo yakachena vakavhengana masango, picturesque nharaunda, nepagungwa - huru kutandara pfuma eCaucasus.