Chii chinonzi Magma: Tsanangudzo. Chii chinonzi magma nemarara?

"Mash, kana mafuta akawanda" (muchiGiriki), inenge yakaumbwa nesimbi yakanyunguduka dombo reilicate. Ndizvo zvinonzi magma. Iko kunowanikwa mumakumbo epasi, mumupendero wepamusoro, pamvura yakadzika. Uye nekunakisa kwayo inoita maitiro ematombo.

Chii chinonzi magma? Tsanangudzo mumaduramazwi

Mune mitsva yakasiyana-siyana, shoko rokuti "magma" rinotsanangurwa sehuwandu dombo rakanyungudutswa, riri pasi pevhu rakaoma. Vanoratidzawo hutano hwaro hwematare uye kukwanisa kugadzira magmatic matombo.

Kubva

Ichokwadi ndechokuti nyika inopisa mukati. Icho kupisa kunoputika matombo enyika, iyo sechikonzero ichi chiri mukati mune mvura yakasviba. Chii chinonzi magma? Iko ibwe rekumvura rakapoteredzwa mune rakaoma rakapoteredza shell. Izvo kuburikidza nechiyero chizere chakajeka kupfuura iyi shell. Nokudaro, inokwira kumusoro pasi pesimba rinokurumidza. Dzimwe nguva magma haigoni kubuda, zvishoma nezvishoma inononoka pane imwe nzvimbo yakadzika pasi pasi uye ichioma. Nokudaro kwemazana emakomo makomo anoumbwa. Dzimwe nguva dzakaoma uye dzakaoma matombo hazvigoni kudzivisa kukwirira kwemagma kubva mukati. Pane zvikanganiso izvo magma anobuda, anodururira kunze. Iye, achiri muchirwere chemvura, anopararira pasi.

Chii chinoitika ipapo

Chii chinonzi magma chakauya pamusoro penyika? Inonzi reva. Mushure mokunge magma akabuda kunze, iyo inotanga kunotonhora, kusangana nemamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Izvi zvinoitika nokukurumidza. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoumba zvinomesa zvinokurumidza kupfuura vamwe, vachiumba makristasi. Aya makristasi anoita seanofambisa mudombo. Uye chikuru chazvo chinoumba makomo evhavha. Zvose izvi makomo akaumbwa nemakristani akawanda akaiswa muBasalt. Ivo vanonzi porphyry.

Kemikemu yakagadzirwa

Chii chinonzi magma maererano nesayenzi yemakemikari? Iri dombo remvura rine mazamu akawanda emakemikari. Pakati pawo, magnesium, sodium, iron, potasium. Uyewo-zvinokanganisa zvikamu: chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen nezvimwe. Uye chikamu chakadai semvura inopisa. Sezvaunobuda pamusoro, zvinhu zvisingabatsiri (nhamba yavo) inoderedzwa, kushandiswa kwekuderera kunoitika.

Kurongwa

• Basaltic (basic). Iine silica (kusvika ku50%), magnesium, iron, aluminium, calcium mune zvakawanda. Muchikamu chiduku-titanium uye phosphorus, potasium uye sodium.
• Granite (acidic, rhyolite). Iine silica (kusvika kune 65%). Inowedzera kuzere nemagesi, ine unhu hwakaderera kupfuura basalt.
• Maererano nehuwandu hwekufambira mberi uye nzira yekusimudzira, maitiro akawanda emagmatism anosiyaniswa. Inyeveve-magma inosunungura, inokonzera mukati mukati mekunze, pasina kusiya pasi. Rudzi rwakaoma - magma rinoputika kumusoro uye rinopisa kakapo.

Iyo yakagadzirisa nzira

Iyo magma inonyunguduka inosanganisira zvinodhaka, gasi, makristani akaoma ari mune imwe nyika yekufananidza. Pasi pemagariro ezvakatipoteredza, ivhu remagma rinowanzochinja. Mamwe makristasi emaminerari anonyunguduka, vamwe - anowanikwazve.

Chii chinonzi magma chinoreva? Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakaoma kwazvo iyo inonaya yakasimba yekristasi inoteerera mitemo yemakemikari nemakemikari. Asi kunyange mune magma imwechete iyo yakarongeka dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pasi pesimba rekushisa uye kunetseka.

Kuyerera kwemafuro anoyerera dzimwe nguva kunosvika 30 km / h, kutonhora - kusvika kusvika 1250 degrees. Mune chimiro chemvura, magma inoramba iri kutonhora inenge 600 degrees, uye inotanga kusimbisa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, minerals inobatanidza uye inoisa pfungwa pazvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufambira mberi, kuumba dhemberero dzesimbi dzesimbi, dzisiri dzesimbi uye dzinokosha zvesimbi, uye madhayamondi. Izvi zvinoumba magmatic zvinomuka mumatombo akaoma.

Chii chinonzi magma nemarara?

Sezvinenge zvataurwa, maruva ari magma erupting, anoumbwa nehutakiti hwehutema hwematombo, hukuru husati hwakaoma. Mhedzisiro huru pakati pekutanga neyechipiri ndeyokuti hapana majee mulava inoputika apo dombo remvura rinobuda. Lava inowanzotonhora uye inopedza nguva, ichimisa mberi kwayo. Somugumisiro, maruva emarara anoumbwa: makomo uye kunyange nzvimbo. Kusiyana kwemakomo kunopisa zvakasiyana-siyana, kutonhora, nezvimwe zviito. Semuenzaniso, carbonate yavas is brittle, soft, easily soluble in water.

Kuputika kwegomo

Iyo inongoratidzika kwatiri isu kuti Pasi mukati mune zvakasimba uye zvisingazununguki. Mukati, mukati mukati, kune chiitiko chinogara chiripo chezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa - magma. Rinotsvaka kusvika kumativi ose kuburikidza nemarudzi ose emakorokera uye mumigero inomuka mumakumbo ePasi. Saka pane mabhirikiti - magma akawana nzira yaro yekubuda, ichiedza zvose mumugwagwa wayo. Panyaya dzakakurumbira dzakanyorwa (dzakanyorwa nesayenzi), munhu anogona kuona kusunungurwa kwemagma pachiwi cheKrakatau muna 1883. Somugumisiro, chitsuwa chacho chakaparadzwa zvachose. Kuputika kwacho kwakataura vanhu vanopfuura zviuru mazana maviri!