Igneous matombo

Kusvika panguva magmatic mabwe rakajairika kwemarudzi, izvo vanoumba vanenge 65% of zvachose Vhoriyamu goko paNyika. Izvi zvinhu zviri aumba kubva mvura magma uye ndiwo mugumisiro wayo crystallization.

Igneous matombo uye mashandiro pamusoro inotungamirwa kwavo

Hazvina chakavanzika norudo nyika magma - a viscous fuma, ine kunzwisisa silicate zvivako, kwakapfumisa magasi uye mvura vapor. nzvimbo yakaumbwa magma tembiricha kungava 1200 Celsius. Somugumisiro siyana Geological urongwa (semuenzaniso, kuti kusiyana uku kunoita kuti tectonic ndiro, kuputika kwemakomo) runoita magma yakanyungudutswa pemvura.

Sezvo tembiricha kuwedzera nefuma anowira magma - saka pane dzinotsanagura crystallization uye kuumbwa zvicherwa itsva. Zvikurukuru akapfupikisa fuma rurefu utsotso pfungwa - nayo amphibole uye pyroxene. Izvi zvinoitika sokuvapo mukanyiwa rose magma rikasauya kudombo nemishonga.

Igneous matombo avo marongerwo

Matombo kusiyaniswa nechivako zvavo, izvo anonyanya novimba pakukurumidza Rakasimbisa magma. Kana fuma iri dzaserera zvishoma nezvishoma, achifumira panyika, inotungamirira kuti paumbwe guru crystals. Asi nokukurumidza kutonhora ane vanetsane - vaduku crystals vari aumba.

Asi kazhinji kumuka uye kutonhora magma iri zvakasiyana. Zvichienderana kukura crystals, igneous matombo akakamurwa:

• ravnozernistuyu ane mamiriro - Ivo ine crystals panyaya zvakaenzana (semuenzaniso, plutonic);
• inequigranular ane mamiriro - dzine crystals kunosiyana hukuru.

Kupatsanura pakati igneous pamatombo nedanho nezvirwere uye kutonhora magma:

1. Solid - vari kuumbwa kana magma unokandirwa chichiitwa rukova. Pakati Miti izvi marudzi anotevera:

• zvakadzama - kuti magma inotonhodza pa udzamu. Izvi zvinosanganisira diorite uye girenayiti;
• effusive - magma iri dzaserera panguva pasi (porphyrite, basalt).

2. Vulkanooblomochnye erudzi - zita pachayo anoratidza sei magma chinobuda Wepasi menyika. dombo wakaumbwa yakagundika muchimiro bhurandi uye splashes, kutonhora mudenga. Ivo:

• Loose dombo (jecha uye kuputika dota);
• atadze (semuenzaniso, kuputika tuff).

Igneous matombo uye mineralogical sezvamunoita

To musi, pane mhando huru ina zvicherwa. Zvinenge chero dombo igneous rinoumbwa pavo. Ivo:

• Goldstone - a chicherwa zvinosanganisira crystalline silica. Izvi opaque crystals ane hwezuva girazi kubwinya. Fuma achitsungirira matambudziko zvakatipoteredza uye dzisisina kubudikidza acids (dzakakudzingai hydrofluoric acid).
• Feldspar - guru boka zvicherwa, izvo ne kudzika yoku (zvichienzaniswa Goldstone) kwoukukutu uye akakwana cleavage. Ivo kupendwa inopenya noruvara mavara akasiyana. Feldspars akakamurwa plagioclase uye orthoclase. zvicherwa aya nyore weathered akatendeukira nevhu.
• Mica - chicherwa hwakakwana cleavage uye vakaderera neukukutu. Vakawanda dzinomiririra boka iri - muscovite (läpinäkyvä Mica) uye biotite (dema). Kana dombo rinoumbwa vazhinji waMika, ayo zvemaziso ehupfumi kuipa yekudyidzana.
• Pyroxene uye amphibole - dombo-nokuumba zvicherwa, vane makemikari anoumba zvakafanana. Kazhinji, izvi magnesium silicates kana kaviri munyu calcium magnesium.

Igneous mabwe zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva sedimentary kunyanya ayo makemikari anoumba: vari rinoumbwa silicates kana aruminiyamu silicates.