Chii masango? The zvinokonzera masango. Apo masango kuitika?

ongororo refu dzakaratidza kuti uwandu yakaorera nyika yedu iri kudzikira ose gore. Maererano rokutanga Masvomhu, masayendisiti, pamusoro rokupedzisira remakore, vanenge chikamu chimwe muzvina nyika yakakodzera kubudiswa vari dzakabvarurwa. Munyaya ino tichakurukura zvinhu masango, uye zvikonzero parinowanika uye matambudziko pamusoro yose mararamiro.

mukuru pfungwa

Pfungwa yokuti "masango" ane anoreva zvakafanana dzakawanda. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo Anonziwo masango, Sahel chirwere uye mberi inotungamirwa mumarenje. Under Fani iyi zvinoreva kunyika kudzikisirana kwacho kuti unowanikwa siyana dzenyika. The kukonzera masango, izvo dzinounzwa nemasayendisiti - iri basa kwevanhu uye pasi rose mamiriro ekunze. Somugumisiro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika pane munzvimbo ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo akafanana mugwenga. Gore negore nokuda dambudziko iri munyika akarasika vanenge mamiriyoni gumi hectares pamusoro ivhu rakaorera. Uyezve, masayendisiti kubva pose vari kupupurira kuramba kuchiita ichi muitiro.

Kuzivikanwa matambudziko

Kokutanga vanhu vakaziva kukomba dambudziko uye akatanga kutaura pamusoro pezviri masango, mukutanga manonwe remakore rapfuura. The zvabva nzara iri African dzinongoitika mapazi ose ari Sahel, izvo zvakaita kuti aiparadza nzara mudunhu. Somugumisiro, muna 1977 mu Nairobi (guru Kenya) pasi auspices dzeUN musangano yakaitwa, musoro mukuru waiva kuziva kukonzera nezviyero dambudziko munyika kudzikisirana.

The Mhando chikuru kupindira kwevanhu

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane zvikonzero zviviri mikuru masango - dzinongoitika zvinhu uye mabasa evanhu. Nepo wokutanga vavo, vanhu vasakanganise chero nzira, ipapo zvingafananidzwa akavandudzika kunonyanya kukonzerwa wechipiri. Rakajairika zvinhu kuti kutungamirira mberi inotungamirwa mumarenje, ndiye zvigare, nokunyanyisa uye musoro kushandisa nyika arable, uye hombe kwemiti mune dzisinganayi dziri nyika.

Pets

Panguva UN musangano, masayendisiti ataurwa akasvika rakapa mhedziso kuti kudya zvinomera kubudikidza zvipfuwo ndiko kupindira kwevanhu zvakasikwa mutsa rakajairika, zvichitungamirira masango. Muchiitiko chino, inoreva kuti zvino, uyewo anopfuura matatu apfuura, zvipfuwo akafura mhuka por chairema nyika dzisinganayi nzvimbo zviri overpriced. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti zvinomera thins kunze nguva dzose, uye ivhu riri anoputsa. Izvi zvinoguma Kuparara muvhu, kuderera kwezvirongwa chirimwa kukura ezvinhu uye masango.

Safunga kushandiswa munyika arable

chikonzero ichi ndicho chechipiri pakukura uye malignancy. More zvakananga, zviri kuderedza nguva iyo nhandaro, uyewo kurima munda, riri pamusoro mawere, iyo inotungamira vawedzere kukurwa kwevhu uye rutapudzo zvinomera pechifukidziro. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu zvinowedzerwa nokuda inondimukira kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, iyo rinobudiswa nokuda ivhu fetiraiza. Kunze kushanda pavari rinorema okurima michina compacts ivhu, zvichiguma norufu anova anobatsira mhando zvipenyu (somuenzaniso, earthworms).

kuparadzwa kwemasango

Imwe nzvimbo yebasa evanhu inotungamirira kuna Sahel Syndrome, akatanga vakawanda kwemiti. Nzvimbo Inonyanya apo masango chikonzero ichi, kuva dzine vakawanda African, nharaunda iyo munguva yedu mudondo kunokosha simba rine. Ivo vanoonekwa chimwe chezvinhu dzisinganayi mudunhu redu. Chokwadi kuti nezvinodiwa vagari vemo mudondo nokuda kudziyisa uye kuvaka, uyewo kuparadzwa kwemasango kuwedzera uwandu nyika arable, zvakaita kuti chidzoke pano iri dambudziko pose.

rwokuzvarwa chinhu

Kuwedzera basa evanhu, pane zvakasikwa zvinokonzera masango. Achifuridzirwa kwevhu mhepo, kuderedza ivhu salinity uye connectivity, uyewo nokuda Flushing mvura, izvozvo chete mberi. Uyezve, mberi inotungamirwa gwenga zvinokonzerwa dzinongoitika nokufamba mukati kunonaya, chero zvavo kusavapo kunotungamirira kwete chete kukura, asi mavambo ichi ngozi muitiro.

Impact pamusoro nyika

Kutaura zviri masango, tisingatauri ayo inokanganisa pamusoro zvoupfumi yenyika dzakawanda. Vamwe nguva kare, vamiririri World Bank zveBhaibheri vave inoitwa imwe nyika yaiva munharaunda zvepanyama Sahel mapazi. zvabuda dzavo akaratidza kuti vasanyanye uwandu zviwanikwa zvakakonzera rutapudzo ayo GDP nokuda makumi maviri muzana. Maererano neimwe ongororo, nhamba wepagore uwandu mari, munogamuchira zvishoma mamiriro, kutambura dambudziko sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni 42 US emadhora. Chimwe kukuvadza mugumisiro masango kwave dzose chidzoke yokurwisana dzakawanda nokuda zvaipesana vagari dzakavakidzana miganhu uchitsvaka mvura uye chikafu.

Zvinosimbisa vanhu

masango nzvimbo kuchikosha zvinoderedza zvokurima zvibereko, uyewo mazita murombo zvirimwa. mararamiro avo ose gore kuipa anokwanisa kugutsa zvinodiwa nevanhu zvinokosha. Uyezve, nokuti kumatunhu kuti aonekwa munharaunda nawo, akava maitiro yakawedzera nhamba sandstorms, mugumisiro unova kukura yomunharaunda vagari ziso zvirwere, nezvimwe zvinhu uye zvirwere zvokufema.

izvi zvose, akavapindurawo, haagoni kuonekwa anokanganisa vanhu vanogara kwete chete munzvimbo idzi asi kunze navo. Chokwadi ndechokuti Sahel Syndrome zvinotisvitsa kudzikira mune kwemvura yokunwa, siltation pamusoro yaivapo reservoirs, uyewo nokusimbaradza sediments zviri Makungwa nenzizi. Mukuwedzera, indasitiri anotambura zvakadai kugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Tikafunga kukura uwandu vepasi zvinogona kutungamirira nenzara kana kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.

aungazviita

Kutaura zviri masango, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukurira dambudziko iri matambudziko chaizvo. To zvinobudirira kurwisa chidzoke of Sahel Syndrome vanofanira kutora zvakawanda nezviyero, izvo zvinosanganisira pachako zvoupfumi, zvokurima, okunze, zvematongerwo enyika uye magariro evanhu zvinhu.

Imwe ndiyo uye vakakurukura nzira kukurira dambudziko iri anonzi kuti kudyara miti panyika arable. Izvi zvinoderedza kukura kwevhu mhepo uye kuderedza kwemvura ivhu unyoro. Uyezve, pane matanho zvemo kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunobatsira chaizvo anonzi pakuvaka masvingo nevhu kana ibwe akapoteredza minda pamwe zvokudya miti. Panyaya iyi, kukwirira 30-40 masendimita zvaizova zvakakwana kuti kunonotsa kunayisa. Chikurukuru, vagari vemo vakanga kanenge nzwisiso sei kutarisira madhamu aya chaiyo.

zvinogona matambudziko

Nokupfupikisa, tinofanira kuisa pfungwa dzedu pane chokwadi kuti nyaya dzakadai sezvo masango, matanho kurwisa uye sei kuti kurudzivisa manjemanje vari kuramba achiva mukuru wenyaya kuti Misangano siyana wakarongwa neUnited Nations. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti kudzikisirana ivhu rine zvinogona kukanganisa vanhu vanoda kusvika bhiriyoni imwe nyika, uye chetatu zvose zviripo yekurima. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya muAfrica, Australia, South Asia, uyewo vamwe kumatunhu wokumaodzanyemba kweEurope.