Chii pabiravira, uye nei tichidaro?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo, kuti pabiravira iri nyore. Ichi mapurani chaikosha, anoshandiswa nevanhu kubvira pamazuva Greece yekare. Kana uchifunga kuti kumbomuona, iwe vakarasika. Tora Kutarira ano Russian mari chechi $ 100, mhiri, izvo zvinoratidza pakuvaka Bolshoi Theater. Forward of mbiru masere, korona ine mativi denga, pamusoro izvo pechifananidzo Apollo muna Quadriga inoshanda Klodt - ichi ndicho pabiravira. Uye pamusoro apo uye kana vakaita izvi mapurani maatomu akafanana, zvimwe zvivako akakurumbira shongedza nayo, edza kukuudza munyaya ino.

Chii?

Shoko "berere" rinobva muchiLatin porticus, zvinoreva "maberere". Pabiravira mu akitekicha - munhu yakabudikira chikamu chacho inoumbwa achitsigira nhengo dzakadaro anotsigira denga remba, kufanana mbiru, namaberere uye pilasters. Kazhinji, zviri rakatenderedzwa mukati pamadziro echivako chacho uye yakazaruka pane imwe kana kupfuura kwokunze mapati. Saka, chaikosha ichi chinosanganisira chikuru zvikamu zvitatu: mbiru, yakavakirwa entablature dzavo uye pediment, yokupedzisira yose marongerwo. Chii chinonzi pabiravira? Photos nechipiriso pazasi, unoratidza izvi zvakanaka.

Kokutanga pabiravira kwakaitwa Greek ezvivako. Vakashandisa kwete chete somunhu mapurani maatomu akafanana, asi sezvo chemwenje-woga marongerwo. Kubva rekare rechiGiriki pabiravira yakatorwa uye gare gare zvinobudirira kushandiswa vavaki muRoma yekare. Kubva imomo chakapararira munyika uye aiva zvakarwadza chaizvo mutsika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Chokwadi kuti pabiravira yakadaro aizivikanwa Ages Europe, apo iye pakushongedza pamadziro vemakereke uye dzoushe. kukurumbira Great aifarira ari European classicism XVIII-XIX emakore.

Nei kudiwa?

Architects vanoshandisa chaikosha ichi kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana:

• kuti vaverengwe huru pamukova pakuvaka;
• sezvo chine svinga pakati mukati uye pamitambo goho;
• sezvo yokupedzisira chinhu pamusoro spatial nechepakati akabatana mumuzinda Ensemble.

mhando

Kutaura kuti paberere, zvakakosha kucherechedza vakawanda mhuka yacho. Kana musingadi kupinda mapurani uye kuvakwa details, kupfuura nyore kupatsanura kwakavakirwa nhamba mbiru anoshandiswa imwe nyaya.

Four mbiru, sezvo zita rinoreva, ane makumbo mana. Zvakange zvinowanzoshandiswa ekare echiGiriki uye Roman mavakirwo pakuvaka temberi uye zvimwe zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji. Yakakurumbira mana mbiru pabiravira iri mapurani - ndiwo kuchamhembe White House muUnited States.

Nhanhatu-sa Doric yakashongedzwa pamadziro ezvivako uye ezvirevo pamanamatiro muGirisi yekare, dzakadai Temberi Poseidon pa Cape Sunium kana Temberi Concordia muna Agrigento. Izvi mhando pebiravira uye rinoshandiswa vashongedze zvimwe temberi muna Ionic manyorerwo, dzakadai Erechtheion muna muAtene Acropolis. Pashure Colonisation kwesango kumatunhu Italy nevaGiriki nayo vakagamuchira Etruscans uye vaRoma. Nhasi, mumwe zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa mienzaniso Roman-column nhanhatu pabiravira ndiye Mezon Karre muna French Nimes. Uye muSt Petersburg, Admiralty pamisasa yakatarisana Neva embankment, unogona kuona dzenhoroondo ivhu Russian ava mapurani zvinhu.

Octastyle - izvozvo porticos rinoumbwa shongwe masere. Anoshandiswa wechiGiriki chekare mapurani, vava zvisingawanzoitiki, asi achiripo zvivako izvozvo chete mashoko okunze, sezvo yeRoma Pantheon, kana vaAtene Parthenon. Izvi mhando porticoes ndivo avo kuti vashongedze France of Bolshoi Theater muMoscow uye Revafundisi chivako St. Petersburg.

Decastyle - Somuenzaniso, pabiravira Itsva Hermitage muSt Petersburg uye University College muLondon muna gumi mbiru-zvitsigiso.

City porticoes - Bologna

Kana zvose mamwe maguta uye nyika hworusvingo, yakashongedzwa maatomu akafanana izvi, unofanira kutarisa, muna Bologna, Italy, kuti yakadaro paberere, chero mugari anoziva uye nomufaro kukuratidza sei kuguta centre. About 38? Km kubva arcades iri chete munhau centre, uye cloisters, porticoes nomunyika guta. Zvikuru dzinonakidza ndiyo nyaya chitarisiko chavo. In Ages Bologna chaiva unopinza nyaya pamwe maindasitiri uye vezvokutengeserana munzvimbo. Vakuru panguva akauya aine panzvimbo tsanzira nzira kunze ezvinhu: vakasarudza kuwedzera anobatsira nzvimbo zvivako nokuda nokubviswa chikamu nharaunda mumugwagwa. Uyezve, kwakadaro marongerwo vemabhizimisi siyana uye maindasitiri munzvimbo akazaruka munzvimbo Akakwezva veko uye vaenzi. Pakutanga, Maberere dzavo anotsigirwa emapuranga matanda, ayo zvino kutsiviwa machena uye ibwe zvitsigiso. Vazhinji vavo vane kwete chete mapurani asiwo munhoroondo ukoshi.