Inotungamirwa, Secondary dzidzo uye zvikoro
Chii sechivako agadzire sero? tsananguro hwakadzama
Unoziva chii sechivako Sero nyore? Kana kwete, ipapo nyaya ino iri kwauri.
Ndeupi sainzi inodzidza keji?
sainzi iyi inonzi cytology. Zviri davi zvipenyu. Iye anogona kupindura mubvunzo, chii sechivako sero majemusi. Uyewo, kudzidza ichi inoongorora kwete chete chidziro, asiwo kwemasayendisiti kuti kuitika muchitokisi. Ichi cellular afemeruke, muviri, kubereka uye photosynthesis. nyore chokuwanziridza nzira - nyore muchitokisi kupesana. Vamwe masero zvepakutanga vanokwanisa photosynthesis - kugadzirwa makemikari nyaya kubva inorganic. Cellular afemeruke kunoitika kuburikidza cleavage kuti shuga. Ndiro huru mashandiro nyore makabhohaidhiretsi muchitokisi. Kana oxidation foni yavo anowana simba.
Ndivanaani nyore?
Tisati kufunga mubvunzo sei nemamiriro sero riri nyore, ngationei vari "zvisikwa" izvi.
Ko zvipenyu ine sero rimwe chete. Vari ainziwo eukaryotes, sezvo pane chinoumba mumasero avo. Sero nyore zvikuru zvakafanana sero mune zvipuka zvine masero akawanda.
kupatsanura
Kune mhando nhanhatu nyore:
- ciliates;
- Radiolaria;
- Dory;
- sporozoans;
- sarkozhgutikonostsy;
- flagellates.
Vamiririri wokutanga mhando vagere munyu madziva. Dzimwe kunogonawo muivhu.
Spore ainyanya inomiririrwa tupukanana kuti vertebrates.
Radiolarians sezvo ciliates, vanogara mumakungwa. Vane hwakasimba goko yakagadzirwa nesilicon dioxide, mamwe matombo aumba.
Sunfish chinhu ndechokuti kufamba tichibatsirwa pseudopodia.
Sarkozhgutikonostsy akashandisawo nzira zvokufambisa yakadaro. To ichi mhando ndezvaMwari amoeba zhinji uye mamwe majemusi.
Flagellates aimiririra siyana siyana zvipenyu, izvo kushandiswa kufamba flagella. Dzimwe majemusi anogona kugara mumadziva, uye vamwe vari tupukanana. Uyezve, nhengo dzakawanda kwakadai aripo mumasero chloroplasts. majemusi izvi pachavo kubereka zvinodiwa muupenyu zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza photosynthesis.
Chii sechivako agadzire sero?
sero mamiriro inogona kukamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu: plasma Kamudzira, cytoplasm uye neerekitironi. Kuwanda nuclei mu zvokutanga masero akaenzana mumwe. Izvi zvakasiyana kubva masero kwemabhakitiriya, izvo havana nuclei. Saka, ngatikurukurei zvakadzama nerimwe zvitatu zvinoumba muchitokisi.
Plasma Kamudzira
Sero Urongwa nyore hazvo kwaimiririra pamberi chikamu ichi. Hazvina basa tiine homeostasis sero, anodzivirira kubva dzezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira. Plasma Kamudzira rine nemakirasi matatu lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids uye remafuta akawandisa. Vakawanda vari nemamiriro Kamudzira phospholipids.
The cytoplasm ndiwo: sei kushanda?
Izvi ndizvo zvose kuti chikamu muchitokisi, kunze musimboti, riri mukati plasma membrane. Inoitwa hyaloplasm uye organelles, uye inclusions. Hyaloplasm - ndiro womukati ezvinhu ari muchitokisi. Organelles ndekwechigarire hurongwa kuti aite chaizvo kushanda, sezvo ari nechekuita mukugarisana vasiri zvachose hurongwa kuti aite kuchitendero wemari kuita.
Sechivako zvokutanga masero: organelles
Muchitokisi, kunongoitwa pamberi organelles dzakawanda, izvo yaingowanikwa masero mhuka. Mukuwedzera, mukusiyana kuti masero ose zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu, vakawanda masero vane organelles nyore kufamba - zvose zvinoridzwa flagella, cilia nedzimwe nhengo. Kuvapo idzodzo kwakadaro kunogona dundundu masero vashoma zvemhuka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda - chete urume.
Pakazosvika organelles kuti varipo ari mumasero nyore ndivo mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi kunzwisisa. Masero pane zvokutanga chloroplasts, izvo runozivisa chirimwa masero. Marongerwo kushanda neimwe vari patafura.
| organelle | mamiriro | mabasa |
| mitochondria | Nhaka membranes vaviri kwokunze uye nechomukati, pakati ine intermembrane nzvimbo. Yomukati Kamudzira ane protuberances - cristae kana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Vanouya vose dzinokosha nemakemikari. Chii mukati membranes maviri, anonzi chizvaro. It organelles izvi kupa ribosomes dzavo, usanganidzo, mitochondrial RNA uye mitochondrial DNA. | Power chizvarwa. In nedanho organelles ava cellular afemeruke. |
| ribosomes | Rinoumbwa subunits maviri. Vane membranes. Mumwe subunits hune kukura pane yechipiri. Ribosomes zvakabatanidzwa chete mukushanda. Kana organoid kwete kushanda, ivo subunits maviri vanoparadzaniswa. | Protein usage (rokushandura rikurumidze). |
| lysosomes | Iva woita chimiro. Vane imwe membrane. Inside the Kamudzira pane makemikari kuti anodiwa kuti cleavage kunzwisisa Organic zvinhu. | Cellular kugaya. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Tubular chimiro. | Chinobatanidzwa muviri, ndiye anokonzera lipid usage. |
| Golgi kunzwisisa | Player Disc serin'i matangi. | Akashandiswa kwetunhu glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids. Modifies uye classifies nemapurotini. |
| chloroplasts | Nhaka membranes maviri chete intermembrane nzvimbo pakati pavo. Chizvaro thylakoids ikashandiswa kupinda ukapisa murwi (grana lamellae. Uyezve, muna chizvaro vari ribosomes pakusanganisirawo RNA uye DNA. | Photosynthesis (kunoitika muna thylakoids). |
| vacuoles | majemusi zhinji vanogara mvura yakachena vane contractile vacuoles (organelles ine idenderedzwa Kamudzira) | Zvikasabudiswa zvakawandisa mvura kubva mumuviri. |
Uyezve, masero anopiwa nyore fambisa organelles. Izvi zvinogona flagella uye cilia. Zvichienderana mhando, muviri anogona Single uye vakawanda flagella.
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